粉煤灰渗滤系统处理城市非点源污染物效果评估
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摘要
对粉煤灰介质渗滤系统处理城市非点源污染物的效果进行了研究.吸附实验表明粉煤灰对氨氮和磷酸盐具有良好的吸附能力.渗滤系统对雨水径流污染处理采用室内小试的方式进行,在70 d内共模拟33次雨水负荷,期间渗滤装置对溶解有机碳(DOC)的平均去除率为88.1%,总氮(TN)的平均去除率为41.0%,氨氮(NH0-N)平均去除率为95.5%,总磷(TP)去除率为81.0%,符合城市非点源污染控制的实践要求.污染物去除主要以吸附过程为主,有机物、氨氮、磷的去除主要发生在渗滤柱表层的0—10 cm,硝化-反硝化主要发生在0—40 cm之间.滤层高度可以从130 cm适当减小为100 cm.吸附动力学表明粉煤灰对氨氮的吸附在3 h达到平衡,对磷酸盐的吸附平衡时间为6 h.微生物对渗滤系统的影响需要进一步研究,随着运行时间的延长,微生物效应将得以体现,污染物的去除效果可能会进一步提高.
Removal effect of urban nonpoint source pollutants by the infiltration system packed with fly ash was evaluated. The adsorption experiment showed that fly ash worked well in adsorbing ammonium and phosphorus. The infiltration system was operated by loading simulated rainfall runoff in lab-scale with 33 rainfall events in 70 days. It presented removal efficiencies of 88. 1% for dissolved total carbon,41.0% for total nitrogen,95.5% for ammonium,and 81.0% for phosphorus during pollutants loading with 33 rainfall runoff events. The results indicated that the infiltration system packed with fly ash could be used for urban nonpoint source pollutants control. The removal of organic matters,ammonium and phosphorus mainly occurred in 0—10 cm of infiltration layer while nitrogen removal occurred in 0—40 cm layer. Therefore,the layer depth could be changed from130 cm to 100 cm. Adsorption kinetics indicated that the equilibrium for ammonium and phosphorus sorption reached in 3 h and 6 h,respectively. However,the role of microorganisms should be further identified in the future study with optimized operational conditions.
Removal effect of urban nonpoint source pollutants by the infiltration system packed with fly ash was evaluated. The adsorption experiment showed that fly ash worked well in adsorbing ammonium and phosphorus. The infiltration system was operated by loading simulated rainfall runoff in lab-scale with 33 rainfall events in 70 days. It presented removal efficiencies of 88. 1% for dissolved total carbon,41.0% for total nitrogen,95.5% for ammonium,and 81.0% for phosphorus during pollutants loading with 33 rainfall runoff events. The results indicated that the infiltration system packed with fly ash could be used for urban nonpoint source pollutants control. The removal of organic matters,ammonium and phosphorus mainly occurred in 0—10 cm of infiltration layer while nitrogen removal occurred in 0—40 cm layer. Therefore,the layer depth could be changed from130 cm to 100 cm. Adsorption kinetics indicated that the equilibrium for ammonium and phosphorus sorption reached in 3 h and 6 h,respectively. However,the role of microorganisms should be further identified in the future study with optimized operational conditions.
引文
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[15]徐丽花,周琪.暴雨径流人工湿地处理系统设计的几个问题[J].给水排水,2001,27(8):32-34.XU L H,ZHOU Q.On design of artificial wetland system for storm water disposal[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2001,27(8):32-34(in Chinese).
[16]邵坚,孙恳,杨小毛,等.运行方式对人工快渗系统水质净化效果的影响[J].环境监测管理与技术,2006,18(5):31-34.SHAO J,SUN K,YANG X M,et al.The influence of operation pattern on the removal effect of constructed rapid infiltrations system[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2006,18(5):31-34(in Chinese).
[17]刘佳.城市雨水径流生态土地处理系统的实验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.LIU J.Research on ecological land system to treat urban rainwater runoff[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2008(in Chinese).
[18]王红.粉煤灰基质对草坪草生长及南明河污染水体的净化效果[D].贵州:贵州大学,2006.WANG H.Effect on fly ash on the grow of lawn grass and pyrification of Nanming River[D].Guizhou:Guizhou University,2006(in Chinese).
[19]张慰.粉煤灰在水处理中的应用试验研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2006.ZHANG W.The experiment research of fly ash application on treating wastewater[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science&Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[20]TAYLOR G D,GEOFF T D,WONG T H,et al.Nitrogen composition in urban runoff—implications for stormwater management[J].Water Research,2005,39(10):1982-1989.
[21]任玉芬,王效科,韩冰,等.城市不同下垫面的降雨径流污染[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3226-3230.REN Y F,WANG X K,HAN B,et al.Chemical analysis on stormwater-runoff pollution of different underlying urban surfaces[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(12):3226-3230(in Chinese).
[22]YI Q T,KIM Y,TATEDA M.Evaluation of nitrogen reduction in water hyacinth ponds integrated with waste stabilization ponds[J].Desalination,2009,249(2):528-534.
[23]ZHEN W,JIAN D,LIN L,et al.Screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,54:57-65.
[24]袁东海,景丽洁,张孟群,等.几种人工湿地基质净化磷素的机理[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(5):614-617.YUAN D H,JING L J,ZHANG M Q,et al.Mechanism of phosphorus purification in some kinds of substrates constructed wetland systems[J].China Environmental Science,2004,24(5):614-617(in Chinese).
[25]NIU S P,PARK K S,CHENG J,et al.An investigation into the relationship between water quality volume(design storage volume)and stormwater wetland performance[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(6):1483-1491.
[2]何丽君,马邕文,万金泉,等.新型人工湿地对工业区降雨径流的净化研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):817-824.HE L J,MA B W,WAN J Q,et al.Treatment studies of industrial rainoff with a new type of constructed wetland[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(3):817-824(in Chinese).
[3]伍发元.我国城市面源污染多层控制模式研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.WU F Y.Research on multilayer control model of urban non-point source pollution[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004(in Chinese).
[4]US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Stormwater best management practice design guide:Volume 1,General Considerations[M].Washington DC:US Environmental Protection Agency USA.2004.
[5]石云,刘春平,甘磊,等.氧化还原环境对污水土地处理系统的影响[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(3):61-65.SHI Y,LIU C P,GAN L,et al.Effects of oxidation-deoxidation environment to wastewater land treatment systems[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(3):61-65(in Chinese).
[6]吴蓓.人工土快速渗滤系统削减城市初雨径流污染应用性研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.WU B.Applied study of urban initial rainfall runoff pollution reduction by constructed rapid infiltration system[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007(in Chinese).
[7]袁东海,景丽洁,高士祥,等.几种人工湿地基质净化磷素污染性能的分析[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):51-55.YUAN D H,JING L J,GAO S X,et al.Analysis on the removal efficiency of phosphorus in some substrates used in constructed wetland system[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(1):51-55(in Chinese).
[8]崔理华,朱夕珍,骆世明.污水渗滤湿地处理系统技术的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(4):623-626.CUI L H,ZHU X Z,LUO S M.Advances in the research of infiltration wetland wastewater treatment systems[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(4):623-626(in Chinese).
[9]舒颖,吴彩斌,胡雪峰,等.粉煤灰活性炭处理含铜废水的性能[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):819-826.SHU Y,WU C B,HU X F,et al.Treatment Cu-containing wastewater by using activated carbon made from coal ash[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(5):819-826(in Chinese).
[10]陈灿,谢伟强,李小明,等.水泥、粉煤灰及生石灰固化/稳定处理铅锌废渣[J].环境化学,2015,34(8):1553-1560.CHEN C,XIE W Q,LI X M.Solidification/stabilization treatment of Pb and Zn in tailing waste using cement,fly ash and quick lime[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(8):1553-1560(in Chinese).
[11]孙鹏飞.淮北南湖沉积物中磷迁移转化的过程研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2014.SUN P F.The processes of phosphorus transform and transport the sediments of Huaibei Nanhu Wetland Park[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science&Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[12]王峰.四种矿物材料改性除磷的研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.WANG F.Study on phosphorus removal by four mineral material which were modified[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2011(in Chinese).
[13]彭喜花,马喜君,刘雪梅,等.改性粉煤灰处理低浓度含磷废水的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(1):52-55.PENG X.H,MA X J,LIU X M,et al.Study on treatment of low concentrated phosphorus containing wastewater by modified fly ash[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2012,34(1):52-55(in Chinese).
[14]李正昱,何腾兵,杨小毛.人工快速渗滤系统的研究与应用[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(10):30-32.LI Z Y,HE T B,YANG X M.Development of constructed rapid infiltration system and its application.[J].China Water&Wastewater,2004,20(10):30-32(in Chinese).
[15]徐丽花,周琪.暴雨径流人工湿地处理系统设计的几个问题[J].给水排水,2001,27(8):32-34.XU L H,ZHOU Q.On design of artificial wetland system for storm water disposal[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2001,27(8):32-34(in Chinese).
[16]邵坚,孙恳,杨小毛,等.运行方式对人工快渗系统水质净化效果的影响[J].环境监测管理与技术,2006,18(5):31-34.SHAO J,SUN K,YANG X M,et al.The influence of operation pattern on the removal effect of constructed rapid infiltrations system[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2006,18(5):31-34(in Chinese).
[17]刘佳.城市雨水径流生态土地处理系统的实验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.LIU J.Research on ecological land system to treat urban rainwater runoff[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2008(in Chinese).
[18]王红.粉煤灰基质对草坪草生长及南明河污染水体的净化效果[D].贵州:贵州大学,2006.WANG H.Effect on fly ash on the grow of lawn grass and pyrification of Nanming River[D].Guizhou:Guizhou University,2006(in Chinese).
[19]张慰.粉煤灰在水处理中的应用试验研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2006.ZHANG W.The experiment research of fly ash application on treating wastewater[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science&Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[20]TAYLOR G D,GEOFF T D,WONG T H,et al.Nitrogen composition in urban runoff—implications for stormwater management[J].Water Research,2005,39(10):1982-1989.
[21]任玉芬,王效科,韩冰,等.城市不同下垫面的降雨径流污染[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3226-3230.REN Y F,WANG X K,HAN B,et al.Chemical analysis on stormwater-runoff pollution of different underlying urban surfaces[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(12):3226-3230(in Chinese).
[22]YI Q T,KIM Y,TATEDA M.Evaluation of nitrogen reduction in water hyacinth ponds integrated with waste stabilization ponds[J].Desalination,2009,249(2):528-534.
[23]ZHEN W,JIAN D,LIN L,et al.Screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,54:57-65.
[24]袁东海,景丽洁,张孟群,等.几种人工湿地基质净化磷素的机理[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(5):614-617.YUAN D H,JING L J,ZHANG M Q,et al.Mechanism of phosphorus purification in some kinds of substrates constructed wetland systems[J].China Environmental Science,2004,24(5):614-617(in Chinese).
[25]NIU S P,PARK K S,CHENG J,et al.An investigation into the relationship between water quality volume(design storage volume)and stormwater wetland performance[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(6):1483-1491.