基于“三生共赢”的小流域水环境综合治理对策研究
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摘要
小流域是实现重点流域精准化治理的基本单元,"三生共赢"是指要把解决环境问题的目标定位于生活、生产与生态的协调发展,是实现小流域环境改善和可持续发展的根本路径。本研究立足于流域水环境质量改善,以"三生共赢"和可持续发展理念为指导,提出了基于"三生共赢"的小流域水环境综合治理理论架构,即立足于水环境质量改善和水资源的优化配置,强化流域水环境约束,以尽可能小的环境代价支撑流域经济结构优化、新型城镇化发展,以资源高效和循环利用为核心,大力发展循环经济体系和循环社会体系,并通过创新流域治理体制机制构建成本共担利益共享格局,最终实现小流域社会经济可持续发展。本研究基于以上理论架构设计了生态环境、绿色经济、优质宜居三大类指标体系24项具体指标,并重点从优化流域空间开发格局、构建产业绿色发展体系、改善城乡居民生活环境、提升流域生态系统功能、健全流域治理体制机制等方面分析了小流域水环境综合治理对策。本研究可为各级政府创新流域治理模式、制定小流域水环境综合治理规划提供较为可行的理论支撑和技术体系。
Small watershed is the basic unit to achieve precise management of large scale basin. Common development of life, production and environment means to locate the goal of solutions to environmental problems in the coordinated development of life, production and ecology, which is the basic approach to realize the basin environmental improvement and sustainable development. This study is mainly based on the improvement of water environment quality according to the concept of common development of life, production and environment as well as sustainable development as a guide. The theoretical framework of the comprehensive management of water environment in small watershed is forwarded based on the common development of life, production and environment. To achieve the socio-economic sustainable development of small basin, we will strengthen the water environment constraints of the river basin, support the economic structure optimization of the river basin and develop the new urbanization with the smallest possible environmental cost, encourage circular economy and build the cost sharing mechanism through the innovation of the river basin management system pattern based on the improvement of water environment quality and the optimal allocation of water resources. Then the study designs 24 specific indexes which characterize the level of ecological environment, green economy, living quality. Finally the study provides the countermeasures of comprehensive management of water environment, including optimizing the watershed development pattern, building the green industrial development system, improving the living environment of urban and rural residents, enhancing the function of basin ecosystem and improving the institution mechanism of watershed management. This study not only provides a feasible theoretical support and technical system for the innovation of watershed management mode, but also shows the local government how to develop comprehensive management plan of water environment in small watershed.
Small watershed is the basic unit to achieve precise management of large scale basin. Common development of life, production and environment means to locate the goal of solutions to environmental problems in the coordinated development of life, production and ecology, which is the basic approach to realize the basin environmental improvement and sustainable development. This study is mainly based on the improvement of water environment quality according to the concept of common development of life, production and environment as well as sustainable development as a guide. The theoretical framework of the comprehensive management of water environment in small watershed is forwarded based on the common development of life, production and environment. To achieve the socio-economic sustainable development of small basin, we will strengthen the water environment constraints of the river basin, support the economic structure optimization of the river basin and develop the new urbanization with the smallest possible environmental cost, encourage circular economy and build the cost sharing mechanism through the innovation of the river basin management system pattern based on the improvement of water environment quality and the optimal allocation of water resources. Then the study designs 24 specific indexes which characterize the level of ecological environment, green economy, living quality. Finally the study provides the countermeasures of comprehensive management of water environment, including optimizing the watershed development pattern, building the green industrial development system, improving the living environment of urban and rural residents, enhancing the function of basin ecosystem and improving the institution mechanism of watershed management. This study not only provides a feasible theoretical support and technical system for the innovation of watershed management mode, but also shows the local government how to develop comprehensive management plan of water environment in small watershed.
引文
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[3]孟婷婷.滇池流域管理体制机制改革方案初探[J].中国环境管理,2016,8(3):53-59.
[4]叶文虎,陈国谦.三种生产论:可持续发展的基本理论[J].中国人口·资源与环境,1997,7(2):14-18.
[5]田大庆,王奇,叶文虎.三生共赢:可持续发展的根本目标与行为准则[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(2):8-11.
[2]高爽,祝栋林,车前进.基于流域视角的水环境综合治理规划研究——以江苏省淀山湖为例[J].中国环境管理,2015,7(5):54-60.
[3]孟婷婷.滇池流域管理体制机制改革方案初探[J].中国环境管理,2016,8(3):53-59.
[4]叶文虎,陈国谦.三种生产论:可持续发展的基本理论[J].中国人口·资源与环境,1997,7(2):14-18.
[5]田大庆,王奇,叶文虎.三生共赢:可持续发展的根本目标与行为准则[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(2):8-11.