特种兵持续超负荷强度训练的医务监督干预效果分析
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摘要
目的探索特种兵持续超负荷强度训练的医务监督干预效果,掌握训练不同阶段官兵身体机能变化规律和特点。方法选取参加2018年5月特种兵持续超负荷强度训练模式的特种部队士官学员78名为研究对象,采用整群随机抽样方式,确定研究组(n=38)和对照组(n=40)。对研究组进行系统的医学服务,对照组则按照原有训练计划进行训练,不加入医务监督服务。训练时间均为5周,以常规生理生化指标对被试进行随堂机能评定,生理监测指标为肺活量、握力、背肌力、纵跳,生化监测指标为血红蛋白(HB)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、尿蛋白(PRO)、尿潜血(BLD)。结果生理监测结果显示:在持续超负荷强度训练后,两组肺活量、握力、背肌力、纵跳指标监测变化在训练初期、训练1周、训练3周、训练5周4个训练时段差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。生化指标监测结果显示:除PRO、BLD两项尿生化指标差异无统计学意义外,两组其他各项生化监测指标(HB、CK、BU)在开训前、训练中期(第3周)和训练结束即刻3个不同的训练阶段表现出统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论特种兵持续超负荷强度训练医务监督干预对疲劳恢复和训练效果提升具有较好的军事训练价值,建议在特种部队的大强度超负荷训练中推广应用。
Objective To explore the intervention efficacy of medical supervision in continuous overload training for special forces soldiers, and to understand the pattern and characteristics of physical functions at different stages of training. Methods A total of 78 sergeant students were subjected by cluster sampling from those assembled to participate in a mode of continuous overload training in May 2018. Then they were randomly divided into experimental group(n=38) and control group(n=40). Systematic medical services were provided to the subjects of the experimental group, while the control group was trained according to the original training plan. The routine physiological and biochemical indicators were measured to assess their in-class function, including vital capacity, grip strength, back muscle strength, vertical jump, and hemoglobin(HB), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea(BU), urinary protein(PRO), and urinary occult blood(BLD). Results The results of physiological indicators showed that after continuous overload training, significant differences were found in vital capacity, grip strength, back muscle strength and vertical jump between the 2 groups at 4 training periods(beginning of training, and 1, 3 and 5 weeks after training)(P<0.01). The results of biochemical indicators indicated that except for PRO and BLD, there were no significant differences in the other biochemical indicators(HB, CK, BU) between the 2 groups in 3 different training stages [pre-training, mid-training(3rd week) and immediately after training](P<0.01). Conclusion Medical supervision of continuous overload training shows military training value and good intervention effect on fatigue recovery and training effectiveness. It is suggested that it should be popularized and applied in overload training for special operations force.
Objective To explore the intervention efficacy of medical supervision in continuous overload training for special forces soldiers, and to understand the pattern and characteristics of physical functions at different stages of training. Methods A total of 78 sergeant students were subjected by cluster sampling from those assembled to participate in a mode of continuous overload training in May 2018. Then they were randomly divided into experimental group(n=38) and control group(n=40). Systematic medical services were provided to the subjects of the experimental group, while the control group was trained according to the original training plan. The routine physiological and biochemical indicators were measured to assess their in-class function, including vital capacity, grip strength, back muscle strength, vertical jump, and hemoglobin(HB), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea(BU), urinary protein(PRO), and urinary occult blood(BLD). Results The results of physiological indicators showed that after continuous overload training, significant differences were found in vital capacity, grip strength, back muscle strength and vertical jump between the 2 groups at 4 training periods(beginning of training, and 1, 3 and 5 weeks after training)(P<0.01). The results of biochemical indicators indicated that except for PRO and BLD, there were no significant differences in the other biochemical indicators(HB, CK, BU) between the 2 groups in 3 different training stages [pre-training, mid-training(3rd week) and immediately after training](P<0.01). Conclusion Medical supervision of continuous overload training shows military training value and good intervention effect on fatigue recovery and training effectiveness. It is suggested that it should be popularized and applied in overload training for special operations force.
引文
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[12] 林文弢,郭晓征.血尿素与运动负荷量的评定[J].中国体育教练员,2014,22(4):24-25.LIN W T,GUO X Z.Evaluation of blood urea and exercise load[J].China Sports Coaches,2014,22(4):24-25.
[13] 孙晓琴,邱东海,黎晓,等.体育专业与非体育专业大学生血尿素代谢的比较研究[J].赣南医学院学报,2010,30(6):896-897.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5779.2010.06.033.SUN X Q,QIU D H,LI X,et al.Comparative study on changes of blood lactate between PE speciality undergraduates and other speciality undergraduates[J].J Gannan Med Univ,2010,30(6):896-897.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5779.2010.06.033.
[14] MAGAL M,DUMKE C L,URBIZTONDO Z G,et al.Relationship between serum creatine kinase activity following exercise-induced muscle damage and muscle fibre composition[J].J Sports Sci,2010,28(3):257-266.DOI:10.1080/02640410903440892.
[15] MACHADO M,WILLARDSON J M,SILVA D R,et al.Creatine kinase activity weakly correlates to volume completed following upper body resistance exercise[J].Res Q Exerc Sport,2012,83(2):276-281.DOI:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599858.
[16] 程娟.2015-2016冬训期陕西省跆拳道队重点运动员身体机能生化指标监测及评价[D].西安:西安体育学院,2017.CHENG J.The physical function and biochemical target monitoring and evaluation for the lead athletes of Shaanxi province taekwondo team in the winter training session in 2015-2016[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Physical Education University,2017.
[17] 向神华,刘玉甜,赵春红.浅谈运动性蛋白尿的产生机制及其评定[J].咸宁学院学报,2012,32(1):114-115.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5342.2012.01.049.XIANG S H,LIU Y T,ZHAO C H.Brief discussion on the mechanism and evaluation of exercise proteinuria[J].J Xianning Univ,2012,32(1):114-115.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5342.2012.01.049.
[18] 李伟,孙晓琴,刘霞,等.散打运动员不同运动强度血氨值变化的研究[J].湖北体育科技,2007,26(1):40-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-983X.2007.01.015.LI W,SUN X Q,LIU X,et al.A study on the blood ammonia value of the intensity of sanda athlete’s in different movements changes[J].J Hubei Sports Sci,2007,26(1):40-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-983X.2007.01.015.
[19] 冯炜权,冯美云.运动训练的生物化学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:96-98.FENG W Q,FENG M Y.Biochemistry of sports training[M].Beijing:Beijing Sports University Press,2005:96-98.
[20] 谢敏豪,林文弢,冯炜权.运动生物化学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2016:172-253.XIE M H,LIN W T,FENG W Q.Sports biochemistry[M].Beijing:People’s Sports Publishing House,2016:172-253.
[2] 邓运龙,袁建琴.军事五项运动的训练监控与体能分析[J].解放军体育学院学报,1999,18(4):31-35.DENG Y L,YUAN J Q.Military pentathlon sports training monitoring and physical fitness analysis[J].J PLA Inst Physical Edu,1999,18(4):31-35.
[3] 冯连世,李开刚.运动员机能评定常用生理生化指标测试方法及应用[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002.FENG L S,LI K G.Test methods and applications of physiological and biochemical indexes commonly used in athletes’ function evaluation[M].Beijing:People’s Sports Publishing House,2002.
[4] 冯炜权.运动生物化学原理[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1995:313-315.FENG W Q.Principles of sports biochemistry[M].Beijing:Beijing Sports University Press,1995:313-315.
[5] 浦钧宗,高崇玄,冯炜权,等.优秀练习者机能评定手册[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2001:106-107.PU J Z,GAO C X,FENG W Q,et al.Manual for functional assessment of excellent practitioners[M].Beijing:People’s Sports Publishing House,2001:106-107.
[6] 钟频,楚霄.生理生化指标在运动员机能评定中应用的重新审视[J].当代体育科技,2015,5(25):24-25.DOI:10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2015.25.024.ZHONG P,CHU X.Re-examination of application of physiological and biochemical indexes in athletes’ function evaluation[J].Contemp Sports Tech,2015,5(25):24-25.DOI:10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2015.25.024.
[7] 王雅一,李同建,金明男,等.拳击运动员备战第12届全运会尿十项指标分析[J].体育科学研究,2015,19(2):63-67.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7413.2015.02.014.WANG Y Y,LI T J,JIN M N,et al.The urine index case analysis of preparing for the 12th national games of the men’s boxing athletes[J].Sports Sci Res,2015,19(2):63-67.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7413.2015.02.014.
[8] 李志宇.HR、HB、CK、BUN生化指标在竞走运动员冬训期身体机能监控体系中的应用[J].体育科技,2016,37(1):42-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1359.2016.01.020.LI Z Y.The application of HR,HB,CK,BUN in the body function monitoring system for race walking athletes during winter training[J].Sport Sci Tech,2016,37(1):42-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1359.2016.01.020.
[9] 林文弢,赵芳芳.尿蛋白与运动员身体机能评定[J].中国体育教练员,2016,24(4):19-20.DOI:10.16784/j.cnki.csc.2016.04.006.LIN W T,ZHAO F F.Urine protein and athletes’ body function evaluation[J].China Sports Coaches,2016,24(4):19-20.DOI:10.16784/j.cnki.csc.2016.04.006.
[10] 韩旭升.不同时间、不同强度跑的生化分析[J].体育科技文献通报,2007,15(6):25-27.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0256.2007.06.011.HAN X S.Biochemical analysis of running with different time and intensity[J].Bull Sport Sci Tech,2007,15(6):25-27.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0256.2007.06.011.
[11] 冯连世.优秀运动员身体机能评定的方法及存在问题[J].体育科研,2003,24(3):49-54.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1207.2003.03.018.FENG L S.The functional diagnosis methods in elite athlete and problems[J].Sports Sci Res,2003,24(3):49-54.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1207.2003.03.018.
[12] 林文弢,郭晓征.血尿素与运动负荷量的评定[J].中国体育教练员,2014,22(4):24-25.LIN W T,GUO X Z.Evaluation of blood urea and exercise load[J].China Sports Coaches,2014,22(4):24-25.
[13] 孙晓琴,邱东海,黎晓,等.体育专业与非体育专业大学生血尿素代谢的比较研究[J].赣南医学院学报,2010,30(6):896-897.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5779.2010.06.033.SUN X Q,QIU D H,LI X,et al.Comparative study on changes of blood lactate between PE speciality undergraduates and other speciality undergraduates[J].J Gannan Med Univ,2010,30(6):896-897.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5779.2010.06.033.
[14] MAGAL M,DUMKE C L,URBIZTONDO Z G,et al.Relationship between serum creatine kinase activity following exercise-induced muscle damage and muscle fibre composition[J].J Sports Sci,2010,28(3):257-266.DOI:10.1080/02640410903440892.
[15] MACHADO M,WILLARDSON J M,SILVA D R,et al.Creatine kinase activity weakly correlates to volume completed following upper body resistance exercise[J].Res Q Exerc Sport,2012,83(2):276-281.DOI:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599858.
[16] 程娟.2015-2016冬训期陕西省跆拳道队重点运动员身体机能生化指标监测及评价[D].西安:西安体育学院,2017.CHENG J.The physical function and biochemical target monitoring and evaluation for the lead athletes of Shaanxi province taekwondo team in the winter training session in 2015-2016[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Physical Education University,2017.
[17] 向神华,刘玉甜,赵春红.浅谈运动性蛋白尿的产生机制及其评定[J].咸宁学院学报,2012,32(1):114-115.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5342.2012.01.049.XIANG S H,LIU Y T,ZHAO C H.Brief discussion on the mechanism and evaluation of exercise proteinuria[J].J Xianning Univ,2012,32(1):114-115.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5342.2012.01.049.
[18] 李伟,孙晓琴,刘霞,等.散打运动员不同运动强度血氨值变化的研究[J].湖北体育科技,2007,26(1):40-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-983X.2007.01.015.LI W,SUN X Q,LIU X,et al.A study on the blood ammonia value of the intensity of sanda athlete’s in different movements changes[J].J Hubei Sports Sci,2007,26(1):40-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-983X.2007.01.015.
[19] 冯炜权,冯美云.运动训练的生物化学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:96-98.FENG W Q,FENG M Y.Biochemistry of sports training[M].Beijing:Beijing Sports University Press,2005:96-98.
[20] 谢敏豪,林文弢,冯炜权.运动生物化学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2016:172-253.XIE M H,LIN W T,FENG W Q.Sports biochemistry[M].Beijing:People’s Sports Publishing House,2016:172-253.