独占机制对创新绩效的影响:知识泄露与竞争对手吸收能力的调节效应
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摘要
独占机制与知识泄露在企业创新活动中的重要作用日益受到关注。基于问卷调研数据,通过实证手段分析企业独占性机制对创新绩效的影响,及竞争对手吸收能力和知识泄露在其中的调节作用。研究发现:企业独占机制对创新绩效有显著正向影响,知识泄露和竞争对手吸收能力在企业独占性机制对创新绩效影响过程中分别起负向和正向调节作用。研究结论既可帮助企业重视独占机制和竞争对手吸收能力带来的创新效应,也可帮助企业通过有效规避或降低知识泄露风险提升创新绩效。
The important role of appropriability regime and knowledge leakage in enterprise innovation activities has received increasing attention. This paper uses empirical methods to analyze the impact of enterprise appropriability regime on innovation performance, and the moderating role of rival absorptive capacity and knowledge leakage in it. Through a large sample questionnaire survey, this paper empirically analyses the impact of enterprise appropriability regime on enterprise innovation performance, and focuses on the moderating role of knowledge leakage and rival absorptive capacity. The results show that enterprise appropriability regime has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation performance. Knowledge leakage and rival absorptive capacity play a negative and positive regulatory role in the process of enterprise appropriability regime influencing innovation performance. Rival absorptive capacity and knowledge leakage play a positive and negative regulatory role in the relationship between enterprise appropriability regime and innovation performance, respectively. The research conclusion not only helps enterprises to attach importance to the innovation effect brought by enterprise appropriability regime and rival absorptive capacity, but also helps enterprises to improve innovation performance by effectively avoiding or reducing the risks brought by knowledge leakage.
The important role of appropriability regime and knowledge leakage in enterprise innovation activities has received increasing attention. This paper uses empirical methods to analyze the impact of enterprise appropriability regime on innovation performance, and the moderating role of rival absorptive capacity and knowledge leakage in it. Through a large sample questionnaire survey, this paper empirically analyses the impact of enterprise appropriability regime on enterprise innovation performance, and focuses on the moderating role of knowledge leakage and rival absorptive capacity. The results show that enterprise appropriability regime has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation performance. Knowledge leakage and rival absorptive capacity play a negative and positive regulatory role in the process of enterprise appropriability regime influencing innovation performance. Rival absorptive capacity and knowledge leakage play a positive and negative regulatory role in the relationship between enterprise appropriability regime and innovation performance, respectively. The research conclusion not only helps enterprises to attach importance to the innovation effect brought by enterprise appropriability regime and rival absorptive capacity, but also helps enterprises to improve innovation performance by effectively avoiding or reducing the risks brought by knowledge leakage.
引文
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[2] HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN P, OLANDER H. Coping with rivals′ absorptive capacity in innovation activities[J]. Technovation, 2014, 34(1):3-11.
[3] ASSEM M J V D, THALER R H. Split or steal? cooperative behavior when the stakes are large[J]. Management Science, 2012, 58(1):2-20.
[4] RAJAN R G, ZINGALES L. The firm as a dedicated hierarchy: a theory of the origin and growth of firms[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001, 116(3):805-851.
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[6] 郭尉. 创新开放度对企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2016, 37(10):43-50.
[7] 蔡新蕾, 高山行. 企业创新商业化实证研究——创新独占性和专有互补资产的调节作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(9):1397-1405.
[8] LANE P J, PATHAK S. The reification of absorptive capacity: a critical review and rejuvenation of the construct[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2006, 31(31):833-863.
[9] 陈伟, 彭程, 杨柏. 跨企业知识共享、知识泄露与创新绩效——基于供应链视角的实证研究[J]. 技术经济, 2016, 35(6):1-7.
[10] 杨治, 刘雯雯. 企业研发外包中知识泄露风险的案例研究[J]. 管理学报, 2015, 12(8):1109-1117.
[11] RITALA P, OLANDER H, MICHAILOVA S, et al. Knowledge sharing, knowledge leaking and relative innovation performance: an empirical study[J]. Technovation, 2015, 35:22-31.
[12] KEUPP M M, BECKENBAUER A, GASSMANN O. Enforcing intellectual property rights in weak appropriability regimes: the case of de facto protection strategies in china[J]. Management International Review, 2010, 50(1):109-130.
[13] TEECE D J. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy, 1986, 15(6):285-305.
[14] LEVIN R C, KLEVORICK A K, NELSON R R, et al. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development[J]. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1987, 1987(3):783-831.
[15] 梅元清. 技术体制对企业技术创新绩效的影响研究[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2009.
[16] SHAPIRO C. Navigating the patent thicket: cross licenses, patent pools, and standard setting[J]. Innovation Policy and The Economy, 2000, 1(1):119-150.
[17] BOSCHINI A D, PETTERSSON J, ROINE J. Resource curse or not: a question of appropriability[J]. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2007, 109(3):593-617.
[18] 殷勤凡. 知识经济下企业无形资产管理创新[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2001, 22(2):45-48.
[19] COHEN W M, LEVINTHAL D A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35(1):39-67.
[20] BRUCE A, NICKERSON J A. Empirical evidence regarding the tension between knowledge sharing and knowledge expropriation in collaborations[J]. Managerial & Decision Economics, 2004, 25(6-7):401-420.
[21] 杨慧军, 杨建君. 交易型领导、竞争强度、技术创新选择与企业绩效的关系研究[J]. 管理科学, 2015(4):1-10.
[22] LIM K. The many faces of absorptive capacity: spillovers of copper interconnect technology for semiconductor chips[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2009, 18(6):1249-1284.
[23] CASTRO J O D, BALKIN D B, SHEPHERD D A. Can entrepreneurial firms benefit from product piracy[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2008,23(1):75-90.
[24] FRISHAMMAR J, ERICSSON K, PATEL P C. The dark side of knowledge transfer: exploring knowledge leakage in joint R&D projects[J]. Technovation, 2015,(s41-42):75-88.
[25] AHMAD A, BOSUA R, SCHEEPERS R. Protecting organizational competitive advantage: a knowledge leakage perspective[J]. Computers & Security, 2014, 42(4):27-39.
[26] JANSEN J J P, VAN DEN BOSCH F A J, VOLBERDA H W. Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and performance: effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators[J]. Management Science,2006,52(2):1661-1674.
[27] HURMELINNA P, KYLAHEIKO K, JAUHIAINEN T. The Janus face of the appropriability regime in the protection of innovations: theoretical reappraisal and empirical analysis[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(3):133-144.
[28] AHMAD A, BOSUA R, SCHEEPERS R. Protecting organizational competitive advantage: a knowledge leakage perspective[J]. Computers & Security, 2014, 42(4):27-39.
[29] JIANG X, LI M, GAO S, ET AL. Managing knowledge leakage in strategic alliances: the effects of trust and formal contracts[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2013, 42(6):983-991.
[30] ALEGRE J, LAPIEDRA R, CHIVA R. A measurement scale for product innovation performance[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2006, 46(4):333-346.
[31] HARRIS S G, MOSSHOLDER K W. The affective implications of perceived congruence with culture dimensions during organizational transformation[J]. Journal of Management, 1996, 22(4):527-547.
[2] HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN P, OLANDER H. Coping with rivals′ absorptive capacity in innovation activities[J]. Technovation, 2014, 34(1):3-11.
[3] ASSEM M J V D, THALER R H. Split or steal? cooperative behavior when the stakes are large[J]. Management Science, 2012, 58(1):2-20.
[4] RAJAN R G, ZINGALES L. The firm as a dedicated hierarchy: a theory of the origin and growth of firms[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001, 116(3):805-851.
[5] HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN P,PUUMALAINEN K. Innovation performance in the shadow of expropriability: interplay of the appropriability regime and competitors′ absorptive capacity[J]. International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management, 2013, 10(10):1-22.
[6] 郭尉. 创新开放度对企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2016, 37(10):43-50.
[7] 蔡新蕾, 高山行. 企业创新商业化实证研究——创新独占性和专有互补资产的调节作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(9):1397-1405.
[8] LANE P J, PATHAK S. The reification of absorptive capacity: a critical review and rejuvenation of the construct[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2006, 31(31):833-863.
[9] 陈伟, 彭程, 杨柏. 跨企业知识共享、知识泄露与创新绩效——基于供应链视角的实证研究[J]. 技术经济, 2016, 35(6):1-7.
[10] 杨治, 刘雯雯. 企业研发外包中知识泄露风险的案例研究[J]. 管理学报, 2015, 12(8):1109-1117.
[11] RITALA P, OLANDER H, MICHAILOVA S, et al. Knowledge sharing, knowledge leaking and relative innovation performance: an empirical study[J]. Technovation, 2015, 35:22-31.
[12] KEUPP M M, BECKENBAUER A, GASSMANN O. Enforcing intellectual property rights in weak appropriability regimes: the case of de facto protection strategies in china[J]. Management International Review, 2010, 50(1):109-130.
[13] TEECE D J. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy, 1986, 15(6):285-305.
[14] LEVIN R C, KLEVORICK A K, NELSON R R, et al. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development[J]. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1987, 1987(3):783-831.
[15] 梅元清. 技术体制对企业技术创新绩效的影响研究[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2009.
[16] SHAPIRO C. Navigating the patent thicket: cross licenses, patent pools, and standard setting[J]. Innovation Policy and The Economy, 2000, 1(1):119-150.
[17] BOSCHINI A D, PETTERSSON J, ROINE J. Resource curse or not: a question of appropriability[J]. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2007, 109(3):593-617.
[18] 殷勤凡. 知识经济下企业无形资产管理创新[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2001, 22(2):45-48.
[19] COHEN W M, LEVINTHAL D A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35(1):39-67.
[20] BRUCE A, NICKERSON J A. Empirical evidence regarding the tension between knowledge sharing and knowledge expropriation in collaborations[J]. Managerial & Decision Economics, 2004, 25(6-7):401-420.
[21] 杨慧军, 杨建君. 交易型领导、竞争强度、技术创新选择与企业绩效的关系研究[J]. 管理科学, 2015(4):1-10.
[22] LIM K. The many faces of absorptive capacity: spillovers of copper interconnect technology for semiconductor chips[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2009, 18(6):1249-1284.
[23] CASTRO J O D, BALKIN D B, SHEPHERD D A. Can entrepreneurial firms benefit from product piracy[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2008,23(1):75-90.
[24] FRISHAMMAR J, ERICSSON K, PATEL P C. The dark side of knowledge transfer: exploring knowledge leakage in joint R&D projects[J]. Technovation, 2015,(s41-42):75-88.
[25] AHMAD A, BOSUA R, SCHEEPERS R. Protecting organizational competitive advantage: a knowledge leakage perspective[J]. Computers & Security, 2014, 42(4):27-39.
[26] JANSEN J J P, VAN DEN BOSCH F A J, VOLBERDA H W. Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and performance: effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators[J]. Management Science,2006,52(2):1661-1674.
[27] HURMELINNA P, KYLAHEIKO K, JAUHIAINEN T. The Janus face of the appropriability regime in the protection of innovations: theoretical reappraisal and empirical analysis[J]. Technovation, 2007, 27(3):133-144.
[28] AHMAD A, BOSUA R, SCHEEPERS R. Protecting organizational competitive advantage: a knowledge leakage perspective[J]. Computers & Security, 2014, 42(4):27-39.
[29] JIANG X, LI M, GAO S, ET AL. Managing knowledge leakage in strategic alliances: the effects of trust and formal contracts[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2013, 42(6):983-991.
[30] ALEGRE J, LAPIEDRA R, CHIVA R. A measurement scale for product innovation performance[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2006, 46(4):333-346.
[31] HARRIS S G, MOSSHOLDER K W. The affective implications of perceived congruence with culture dimensions during organizational transformation[J]. Journal of Management, 1996, 22(4):527-547.