基于核型分析对芥蓝分类地位的探究
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摘要
以芥蓝与甘蓝、白菜、芥菜等8个芸薹属近缘物种为材料,采用常规压片法进行染色体核型分析,结果表明,芥蓝和青花菜、花椰菜、结球甘蓝的核型公式分别为2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=8m+10sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=6m+12sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2A型;大白菜和小白菜核型公式为2n=2x=20=14m (2SAT)+6sm、2n=2x=20=16m (2SAT)+4sm,核型类型均为1B型;雪里蕻、榨菜核型公式为2n=2x=36=22m+14sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=36=26m+10sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2B型;芥蓝的核型在核型类型、核型不对称系数、臂比、随体分布染色体类型等核型特征上与甘蓝类高度类似,与白菜类和芥菜类差异较大。芥蓝的核型进化程度位于青花菜与花椰菜、结球甘蓝之间,与白菜类和芥菜类相距较远。因此,本试验结果支持芥蓝为甘蓝种的一个变种。
Chromosome karyotype analysis of eight Brassica species of Brassica oleracea, Brassica campestris,Brassica juncea and Chinese kale were carried out by conventional pressing method. The results showed that the karyotype formulas of Chinese kale, broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage were 2 n=2 x=18=10 m+8 sm(2 SAT), 2 n=2 x=18=10 m+8 sm(2 SAT), 2 n=2 x=18=8 m+10 sm(2 SAT), and 2 n=2 x=18=6 m+12 sm(2 SAT), respectively, and karyotypes were 2 A type. The karyotype formulas of Chinese cabbage and pakchoi were 2 n=2 x=20=14 m(2 SAT)+6 sm and2 n=2 x=20=16 m(2 SAT)+4 sm, respectively, and karyotypes were 1 B type. The karyotype formulas of potherb mustard and tuber mustard were 2 n=2 x=36=22 m+14 sm(2 SAT) and 2 n=2 x=36=26 m+10 sm(2 SAT), respectively,and karyotypes were 2 B type. Chinese kale had high similarity with B. oleracea on karyotype type, asymmetrical karyotype indexes, chromosome arm ratio, satellite chromosome type, and so on, whereas it was obviously different with B. campestris and B. juncea. The karyotype evolution of Chinese kale was located between broccoli and cauliflower and cabbage, and was far away from B. campestris and B. juncea. Therefore, the results of this study supported that Chinese kale should be a variant of B. oleracea.
Chromosome karyotype analysis of eight Brassica species of Brassica oleracea, Brassica campestris,Brassica juncea and Chinese kale were carried out by conventional pressing method. The results showed that the karyotype formulas of Chinese kale, broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage were 2 n=2 x=18=10 m+8 sm(2 SAT), 2 n=2 x=18=10 m+8 sm(2 SAT), 2 n=2 x=18=8 m+10 sm(2 SAT), and 2 n=2 x=18=6 m+12 sm(2 SAT), respectively, and karyotypes were 2 A type. The karyotype formulas of Chinese cabbage and pakchoi were 2 n=2 x=20=14 m(2 SAT)+6 sm and2 n=2 x=20=16 m(2 SAT)+4 sm, respectively, and karyotypes were 1 B type. The karyotype formulas of potherb mustard and tuber mustard were 2 n=2 x=36=22 m+14 sm(2 SAT) and 2 n=2 x=36=26 m+10 sm(2 SAT), respectively,and karyotypes were 2 B type. Chinese kale had high similarity with B. oleracea on karyotype type, asymmetrical karyotype indexes, chromosome arm ratio, satellite chromosome type, and so on, whereas it was obviously different with B. campestris and B. juncea. The karyotype evolution of Chinese kale was located between broccoli and cauliflower and cabbage, and was far away from B. campestris and B. juncea. Therefore, the results of this study supported that Chinese kale should be a variant of B. oleracea.
引文
Li M.X.,and Chen R.Y.,1985,A suggestion on the standardiza tion of karyotype analysis in plants,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),3(4):297-302(李懋学,陈瑞阳,1985,关于植物核型分析的标准化问题,武汉植物学研究,3(4):297-302)
Liu H.T.,and Guan P.C.,1998,Studies on the taxonomy of khinese kale(Brassica alboglabra),Huanan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal South China Agricultural University),19(4):82-86(刘海涛,关佩聪,1998,芥蓝的分类学研究,华南农业大学学报,19(4):82-86)
Song J.J.,Zhuang D.H.,and Shao S.M.,2001,Karyotype analysis of some species of Brassica vegetables grown in ChaozhouShantou area,Shantou Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shantou University),16(1):61-67(宋娟娟,庄东红,邵舜梦,2001,潮汕地区栽培的几种芸薹属蔬菜的核型研究,汕头大学学报,16(1):61-67)
Wang X.H.,and Luo P.,1987,Studies on the karyotypes and C-Banding banding of khinese kale(Brassica oleracea)and cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitate),Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),29(2):149-155(王晓蕙,罗鹏,1987,芥蓝和结球甘蓝染色体组型及C带带型的研究,植物学报,29(2):149-155)
Wei Z.X.,1991,Comparison of pollen morphology of Brassica alboglabra and some other species of the genus Brassica,Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica),13(3):290-292(韦仲新,1991,芥蓝与芸苔属几个常见种花粉形态的比较,云南植物研究,13(3):290-292)
Xue S.L.,Zhang F.,Xia X.,Leng Z.M.,Chen Q.,Tang H.R.,and Sun B.,2016,Cloning and prokaryotic expression of BaPDS1Gene in Brassica alboglabra,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(7):1787-1792(薛生玲,张芬,夏雪,冷祯敏,陈清,汤浩茹,孙勃,2016,芥蓝八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因BaPDS1的克隆及原核表达,基因组学与应用生物学,35(7):1787-1792)
Yang P.,Li R.Q.,and Zeng Z.S.,1988,Studies on karyotype and pollen morphology in Brassica oleracea L.and Brassica alboglabra Bailey,Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao(Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica),26(5):362-366(杨萍,利容千,曾子申,1988,甘蓝和芥兰的核型与孢粉学研究,植物分类学报,26(5):362-366)
Yuan W.H.,Wang X.E.,Liu J.M.,Zhang C.H.,and Shen S.X.,2008,Karyotype analysis and comparison of Brassica vegetables,Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei),31(2):27-30(袁文焕,王新娥,刘建敏,张成合,申书兴,2008,几种芸薹属蔬菜的核型分析与比较,河北农业大学学报,31(2):27-30)
Zhou Y.,Li Y.,Sun B.,Shi Y.,Wang Q.M.,and Wang B.L.,2010,Taxonomic relationship between Chinese Kale and other varieties in Brassica oleracea L.,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),37(7):1161-1168(周禹,李燕,孙勃,石瑜,汪俏梅,汪炳良,2010,芥蓝与甘蓝其它变种分类关系的研究,园艺学报,37(7):1161-1168)
Liu H.T.,and Guan P.C.,1998,Studies on the taxonomy of khinese kale(Brassica alboglabra),Huanan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal South China Agricultural University),19(4):82-86(刘海涛,关佩聪,1998,芥蓝的分类学研究,华南农业大学学报,19(4):82-86)
Song J.J.,Zhuang D.H.,and Shao S.M.,2001,Karyotype analysis of some species of Brassica vegetables grown in ChaozhouShantou area,Shantou Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shantou University),16(1):61-67(宋娟娟,庄东红,邵舜梦,2001,潮汕地区栽培的几种芸薹属蔬菜的核型研究,汕头大学学报,16(1):61-67)
Wang X.H.,and Luo P.,1987,Studies on the karyotypes and C-Banding banding of khinese kale(Brassica oleracea)and cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitate),Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),29(2):149-155(王晓蕙,罗鹏,1987,芥蓝和结球甘蓝染色体组型及C带带型的研究,植物学报,29(2):149-155)
Wei Z.X.,1991,Comparison of pollen morphology of Brassica alboglabra and some other species of the genus Brassica,Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu(Acta Botanica Yunnanica),13(3):290-292(韦仲新,1991,芥蓝与芸苔属几个常见种花粉形态的比较,云南植物研究,13(3):290-292)
Xue S.L.,Zhang F.,Xia X.,Leng Z.M.,Chen Q.,Tang H.R.,and Sun B.,2016,Cloning and prokaryotic expression of BaPDS1Gene in Brassica alboglabra,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(7):1787-1792(薛生玲,张芬,夏雪,冷祯敏,陈清,汤浩茹,孙勃,2016,芥蓝八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因BaPDS1的克隆及原核表达,基因组学与应用生物学,35(7):1787-1792)
Yang P.,Li R.Q.,and Zeng Z.S.,1988,Studies on karyotype and pollen morphology in Brassica oleracea L.and Brassica alboglabra Bailey,Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao(Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica),26(5):362-366(杨萍,利容千,曾子申,1988,甘蓝和芥兰的核型与孢粉学研究,植物分类学报,26(5):362-366)
Yuan W.H.,Wang X.E.,Liu J.M.,Zhang C.H.,and Shen S.X.,2008,Karyotype analysis and comparison of Brassica vegetables,Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei),31(2):27-30(袁文焕,王新娥,刘建敏,张成合,申书兴,2008,几种芸薹属蔬菜的核型分析与比较,河北农业大学学报,31(2):27-30)
Zhou Y.,Li Y.,Sun B.,Shi Y.,Wang Q.M.,and Wang B.L.,2010,Taxonomic relationship between Chinese Kale and other varieties in Brassica oleracea L.,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),37(7):1161-1168(周禹,李燕,孙勃,石瑜,汪俏梅,汪炳良,2010,芥蓝与甘蓝其它变种分类关系的研究,园艺学报,37(7):1161-1168)