湘东两类母质发育水田土壤的发生特性及其系统分类
|
摘要
为明确湘东地区紫色岩风化物和河湖沉积物母质发育的6个典型水田土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,对其成土环境条件、土壤剖面理化性质,以及土壤发生学特性进行研究,依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》鉴定其诊断层和诊断特性,确定其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试的2类母质发育的水田土壤,pH值均随剖面深度的加深而升高,有机质含量随剖面深度的增加而降低,全铁含量表层土壤低于犁底层和水耕氧化还原层。紫色岩风化物发育的土壤较河湖沉积物发育的土壤颜色更红,水耕表层土壤铁的活化度高于下层土壤,晶胶率低于下层土壤,土壤颗粒组成在剖面层次间变化不明显。鉴定出的诊断层主要有水耕表层、水耕氧化还原层,诊断特性主要有人为滞水土壤水分状况、潜育特征、氧化还原特征。6个水田土壤均属于人为土土纲水耕人为土亚纲,进一步划分出潜育水耕人为土、铁聚水耕人为土、简育水耕人为土3个土类和普通潜育水耕人为土、普通铁聚水耕人为土、普通简育水耕人为土3个亚类,最后划分出5个土族和6个土系。
Six typical paddy field soils,which were developed from either purple rock weathering or river and lake sediments in the East Hunan,were investigated to make its attribution in Chinese Soil Taxonomy clear. The diagnostic horizon and characteristics of 6 paddy field soils were retrieved out and the taxonomic classification were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy( 3 rd edition),based on soil forming environment,physical and chemical properties,and genesis characteristics of soil profiles. It was shown that the paddy soil developed from 2 tested parent materials exhibited similarity in soil p H,content of organic matter and total iron. With the deepening of soil profiles,soil pH increased,yet organic matter content decreased. The total iron content of topsoil was lower than that in plow pan and hydragric horizon. Soils developed from purple rock weathering were redder than that developed fromriver and lake sediments,and the soil particle composition of the former was similar between solum among soil profiles. Feo/Fedin anthrostagnic epipedon was higher than that in subsoils,while the( Fed-Feo)/Feowas the contrary.The determined diagnostic horizons of all test soils were anthrostagnic epipedon and hydragric horizon,and the diagnostic characteristics were mainly anthrostagnic soil moisture regime,gleyic features and redox features. The 6 paddy field soils belonged to stagnic anthrosol,and could be further divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups,i. e. gleyi-stagnic anthrosols,Fe-accumuli-stagnic anthrosols,hapli-stagnic anthrosols,and typic gleyi-stagnic anthrosols,typic Feaccumuli-stagnic anthrosols,typic hapli-stagnic anthrosols. Finally,5 soil families and 6 soil series of test soils were established.
Six typical paddy field soils,which were developed from either purple rock weathering or river and lake sediments in the East Hunan,were investigated to make its attribution in Chinese Soil Taxonomy clear. The diagnostic horizon and characteristics of 6 paddy field soils were retrieved out and the taxonomic classification were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy( 3 rd edition),based on soil forming environment,physical and chemical properties,and genesis characteristics of soil profiles. It was shown that the paddy soil developed from 2 tested parent materials exhibited similarity in soil p H,content of organic matter and total iron. With the deepening of soil profiles,soil pH increased,yet organic matter content decreased. The total iron content of topsoil was lower than that in plow pan and hydragric horizon. Soils developed from purple rock weathering were redder than that developed fromriver and lake sediments,and the soil particle composition of the former was similar between solum among soil profiles. Feo/Fedin anthrostagnic epipedon was higher than that in subsoils,while the( Fed-Feo)/Feowas the contrary.The determined diagnostic horizons of all test soils were anthrostagnic epipedon and hydragric horizon,and the diagnostic characteristics were mainly anthrostagnic soil moisture regime,gleyic features and redox features. The 6 paddy field soils belonged to stagnic anthrosol,and could be further divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups,i. e. gleyi-stagnic anthrosols,Fe-accumuli-stagnic anthrosols,hapli-stagnic anthrosols,and typic gleyi-stagnic anthrosols,typic Feaccumuli-stagnic anthrosols,typic hapli-stagnic anthrosols. Finally,5 soil families and 6 soil series of test soils were established.
引文
[1]龚子同,张甘霖,骆国保,等.规范我国土壤分类[J].土壤通报,1999,30(专辑):1-4.GONG Z T,ZHANG G L,LUO G B,et al.On difficulties and countermeasures in describing soil series in Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1999,30(S1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[2]尹力初.江苏省江宁县淳化样区土壤系统分类中基层分类的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2002.YIN L C.Taxonomy at lower category in a typical area located at Chunhua Town of Jiangning County of Jiangsu Province[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2002.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Soil Survey Staff.Soil Taxonomy[R].2ndEd.Washington:US Department of Agriculture,1999:21-89.
[4]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,International Soil Reference and Information Centre.Soil map of the world:revised legend with correction[R].Wageningen:International Soil Reference and Information Centre,1994.
[5]International Society of Soil Science,International Soil Reference and Information Centre,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.World reference base for soil resources[R].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998.
[6]廖晓炜.湖北省主要土纲基层分类指标体系的构建及应用[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.LIAO X W.Establishment and application of index systems of soil series classification for major soil orders in Hubei Province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]龚子同,张甘霖,陈志诚,等.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[8]龚子同.中国土壤分类四十年[J].土壤学报,1989,26(3):217-225.GONG Z T.Review of Chinese soil classification for the past four decades[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1989,26(3):217-225.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张甘霖.土壤分类:进展、方向和任务[C]//中国土壤学会.中国土壤学会第十次全国会员代表大会暨第五届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集(面向农业与环境的土壤科学综述篇).北京:中国土壤学会,2004:9.
[10]龚子同.中国土壤系统分类-理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[11]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.中国土壤系统分类(首次方案)[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[12]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1995.
[13]章明奎,麻万诸.中国土系志·福建卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[14]杨金玲.中国土系志·上海卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[15]麻万诸,章明奎.中国土系志·浙江卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[16]黄标,潘剑君.中国土系志·江苏卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[17]李德成,张甘霖,王华.中国土系志·安徽卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[18]卢瑛.中国土系志·广东卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[19]张凤荣.中国土系志·京津卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[20]龙怀玉,雷秋良.中国土系志·河北卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[21]王天巍.中国土系志·湖北卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[22]黄承武,罗尊长.湖南省第四纪红土发育的自型土土种土属的划分[M]//龚子同.中国土壤系统分类新论.北京:科学出版社,1994:450-453.
[23]韦启璠.湘西石灰土特点及其系统分类[M]//龚子同.中国土壤系统分类进展.北京:科学出版社,1993:105-119.
[24]吴甫成,方小敏.衡山土壤之研究[J].土壤学报,2001,38(3):256-265.WU F C,FANG X M.Soils of Mt.Hengshan[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(3):256-265.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]冯跃华,张杨珠,邹应斌,等.井冈山土壤发生特性与系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):720-727.FENG Y H,ZHANG Y Z,ZOU Y B,et al.Genetic characteristics and taxonomy of soils in the Jinggang Mountains[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):720-727.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]张义,张杨珠,盛浩,等.湘东大围山地区板岩风化物发育土壤的发生特性与系统分类[J].湖南农业科学,2016(5):45-50.ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y Z,SHENG H,et al.Occurrence characteristics and systematic classification of the soils developed from the weathered slates in the Eastern Hunan Dawei Mountain area[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2016(5):45-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[28]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[29]蒋健容.潜育性水稻土肥力特性的研究:Ⅶ潜育性水稻土与有机质、氧化铁含量的关系的初步探讨[J].湖南农学院学报,1985(2):21-30.JIANG J R.Studies on the fertility characteristics of gleyey paddy soils:Ⅶ.study on the organic matter and ferric oxides contents in gleyey paddy soils[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,1985(2):21-30.(in Chinese)
[30]徐仁扣,季国亮.pH对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):162-171.XU R K,JI G L.Influence of p H on dissolution of aluminum in aced soil sand the distribution of aluminum ion species[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1998,35(2):162-171.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]徐建忠.四川紫色水稻土氧化铁的分异[J].山地研究,1993,11(4):246-250.XU J Z.Differentiation of iron oxides of purple paddy soils in Sichuan province[J].Mountain Research,1993,11(4):246-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索[M].3版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[33]张伟畅.长沙地区典型水稻土发生特性及其在系统分类中的归属[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.ZHANG W C.Genetic characteristics and classification in Chinese Soil Taxonomy of paddy soil in Changsha[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]张慧智,史学正,于东升,等.中国土壤温度的空间预测研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):1-8.ZHANG H Z,SHI X Z,YU D S,et al.spatial prediction of soil temperature in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(1):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]王秋兵,汪景宽,胡宏祥,等.辽宁省沈阳样区土系的划分[J].土壤通报,2002,33(4):246-252.WANG Q B,WANG J K,HU H X,et al.Establishment of soil series in Shenyang Area,Liaoning Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2002,33(4):246-252.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系的划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-830.ZHANG G L,WANG Q B,ZHANG F R,et al.Criteria for establishment of soil family and soil series in Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(4):826-830.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]王晓旭,麻万诸,章明奎.浙江省典型土壤的发生学性质与系统分类研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(5):1025-1034.WANG X X,MA W Z,ZHANG M K.Genetic characteristics and taxonomic classification of the representative soils in Zhejiang Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(5):1025-1034.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]尹力初.江苏省江宁县淳化样区土壤系统分类中基层分类的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2002.YIN L C.Taxonomy at lower category in a typical area located at Chunhua Town of Jiangning County of Jiangsu Province[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2002.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Soil Survey Staff.Soil Taxonomy[R].2ndEd.Washington:US Department of Agriculture,1999:21-89.
[4]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,International Soil Reference and Information Centre.Soil map of the world:revised legend with correction[R].Wageningen:International Soil Reference and Information Centre,1994.
[5]International Society of Soil Science,International Soil Reference and Information Centre,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.World reference base for soil resources[R].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998.
[6]廖晓炜.湖北省主要土纲基层分类指标体系的构建及应用[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.LIAO X W.Establishment and application of index systems of soil series classification for major soil orders in Hubei Province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]龚子同,张甘霖,陈志诚,等.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[8]龚子同.中国土壤分类四十年[J].土壤学报,1989,26(3):217-225.GONG Z T.Review of Chinese soil classification for the past four decades[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1989,26(3):217-225.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张甘霖.土壤分类:进展、方向和任务[C]//中国土壤学会.中国土壤学会第十次全国会员代表大会暨第五届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集(面向农业与环境的土壤科学综述篇).北京:中国土壤学会,2004:9.
[10]龚子同.中国土壤系统分类-理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[11]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.中国土壤系统分类(首次方案)[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[12]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1995.
[13]章明奎,麻万诸.中国土系志·福建卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[14]杨金玲.中国土系志·上海卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[15]麻万诸,章明奎.中国土系志·浙江卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[16]黄标,潘剑君.中国土系志·江苏卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[17]李德成,张甘霖,王华.中国土系志·安徽卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[18]卢瑛.中国土系志·广东卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[19]张凤荣.中国土系志·京津卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[20]龙怀玉,雷秋良.中国土系志·河北卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[21]王天巍.中国土系志·湖北卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[22]黄承武,罗尊长.湖南省第四纪红土发育的自型土土种土属的划分[M]//龚子同.中国土壤系统分类新论.北京:科学出版社,1994:450-453.
[23]韦启璠.湘西石灰土特点及其系统分类[M]//龚子同.中国土壤系统分类进展.北京:科学出版社,1993:105-119.
[24]吴甫成,方小敏.衡山土壤之研究[J].土壤学报,2001,38(3):256-265.WU F C,FANG X M.Soils of Mt.Hengshan[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(3):256-265.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]冯跃华,张杨珠,邹应斌,等.井冈山土壤发生特性与系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):720-727.FENG Y H,ZHANG Y Z,ZOU Y B,et al.Genetic characteristics and taxonomy of soils in the Jinggang Mountains[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):720-727.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]张义,张杨珠,盛浩,等.湘东大围山地区板岩风化物发育土壤的发生特性与系统分类[J].湖南农业科学,2016(5):45-50.ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y Z,SHENG H,et al.Occurrence characteristics and systematic classification of the soils developed from the weathered slates in the Eastern Hunan Dawei Mountain area[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2016(5):45-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组.土壤野外描述、水热动态观测方法及土壤信息系统(中国土壤系统分类用)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[28]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[29]蒋健容.潜育性水稻土肥力特性的研究:Ⅶ潜育性水稻土与有机质、氧化铁含量的关系的初步探讨[J].湖南农学院学报,1985(2):21-30.JIANG J R.Studies on the fertility characteristics of gleyey paddy soils:Ⅶ.study on the organic matter and ferric oxides contents in gleyey paddy soils[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,1985(2):21-30.(in Chinese)
[30]徐仁扣,季国亮.pH对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):162-171.XU R K,JI G L.Influence of p H on dissolution of aluminum in aced soil sand the distribution of aluminum ion species[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1998,35(2):162-171.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]徐建忠.四川紫色水稻土氧化铁的分异[J].山地研究,1993,11(4):246-250.XU J Z.Differentiation of iron oxides of purple paddy soils in Sichuan province[J].Mountain Research,1993,11(4):246-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索[M].3版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[33]张伟畅.长沙地区典型水稻土发生特性及其在系统分类中的归属[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.ZHANG W C.Genetic characteristics and classification in Chinese Soil Taxonomy of paddy soil in Changsha[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]张慧智,史学正,于东升,等.中国土壤温度的空间预测研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):1-8.ZHANG H Z,SHI X Z,YU D S,et al.spatial prediction of soil temperature in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(1):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]王秋兵,汪景宽,胡宏祥,等.辽宁省沈阳样区土系的划分[J].土壤通报,2002,33(4):246-252.WANG Q B,WANG J K,HU H X,et al.Establishment of soil series in Shenyang Area,Liaoning Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2002,33(4):246-252.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系的划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-830.ZHANG G L,WANG Q B,ZHANG F R,et al.Criteria for establishment of soil family and soil series in Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(4):826-830.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]王晓旭,麻万诸,章明奎.浙江省典型土壤的发生学性质与系统分类研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(5):1025-1034.WANG X X,MA W Z,ZHANG M K.Genetic characteristics and taxonomic classification of the representative soils in Zhejiang Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(5):1025-1034.(in Chinese with English abstract)