土壤团聚体微结构研究方法及进展
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摘要
土壤团聚体是土壤结构的重要组成部分。土壤团聚体微结构研究技术是获取土壤团聚体基础数据的关键。综述了土壤团聚体微结构的研究尺度,土壤团聚体的采集、制备方法及土壤团聚体微结构的分析方法和数字图像处理技术,阐述了土壤团聚体微结构在水土保持、土壤侵蚀、生态修复、土地利用、农业生产、建筑工程、环境保护、土壤系统分类等领域的研究进展,并对其研究前景进行了展望。
Soil aggregates is an important part of soil structure. The research technique of soil aggregate microstructure is the key to obtain the basic data of soil aggregates. This paper summarized the research scale of soil aggregate microstructure,the collection and preparation methods of soil aggregates,the analysis methods of soil aggregate microstructure and digital image processing technology,reviewed the research progress of soil aggregate microstructure in the fields of soil and water conservation,soil erosion,ecological restoration,land use,agricultural production,construction engineering,environmental protection and soil taxonomy. Furthermore,research prospect of soil aggregate microstructure was presented.
Soil aggregates is an important part of soil structure. The research technique of soil aggregate microstructure is the key to obtain the basic data of soil aggregates. This paper summarized the research scale of soil aggregate microstructure,the collection and preparation methods of soil aggregates,the analysis methods of soil aggregate microstructure and digital image processing technology,reviewed the research progress of soil aggregate microstructure in the fields of soil and water conservation,soil erosion,ecological restoration,land use,agricultural production,construction engineering,environmental protection and soil taxonomy. Furthermore,research prospect of soil aggregate microstructure was presented.
引文
[1]Bronick C J,Lal R.Soil structure and management:A review[J].Geoderma,2005,124:3-22.
[2]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.
[3]Young I M,Crawford J W,Rappoldt C.New methods and models for characterising structural heterogeneity of soil[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,61(1):33-45.
[4]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[5]於修龄.土壤团聚体/铁锰结核的三维结构、形成过程及其环境意义[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[6]贺秀斌,唐克丽,张成娥,等.农业生态与土地退化的土壤微形态研究[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(3):234-237.
[7]孙经伟,尧水红,李娜,等.农田恢复措施对黑土母质发育的新成土壤团聚体微形态及孔隙结构的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):17-23.
[8]周虎,彭新华,张中彬,等.基于同步辐射微CT研究不同利用年限水稻土团聚体微结构特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):343-347.
[9]李文昭,周虎,陈效民,等.基于同步辐射微CT研究不同施肥措施下水稻土团聚体微结构特征[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):67-74.
[10]申思雨,刘哲,吕贻忠.不同种植方式对温室土壤微形态的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):355-360.
[11]刘勇,胡霞,李宗超,等.基于医学CT和工业CT扫描研究土壤大孔隙结构特征的区别[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(4):106-111.
[12]邢铭汕.浅谈原状土试样的采样、保存和制备[J].城市建设,2010,59(Z1):241.
[13]秦鱼生,涂仕华,王正银,等.长期定位施肥下紫色土土壤微形态特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):352-356.
[14]刘颖,王数,张凤荣,等.北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生产基地的土壤微形态特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):636-645.
[15]Jongerius A,Heizberger G.Methods in soil micromorphology:A technique for the preparation of large thin sections[J].Soil Survey Papers,1975,10:48-59.
[16]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤微形态实验室.用不饱和聚酯树脂制备土壤薄片的方法[J].土壤,1976(Z1):329-333.
[17]何毓蓉,黄成敏,周红艺.成都平原水耕人为土诊断层的微形态特征与土壤基层分类[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):157-163.
[18]刘伟,区自清,应佩峰.土壤大孔隙及其研究方法[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):465-468.
[19]Hoshino A.Physicochemical properties and micromorphological characteristics of the soils under grazing and cultivated fields in the Kherlen river basin,Mongolia[D].Tsukuba:University of Tsukuba,2006.
[20]Lafeber D.The optical determination of spatial(threedimensional)orientation of platy clay minerals in soil thin-sections[J].Geoderma,1967,1(3):359-369.
[21]陈宇龙.云南膨胀土的微观结构特征[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):334-339.
[22]Chun H C,Giménez D,Yoon S W.Morphology,lacunarity and entropy of intra-aggregate pores:Aggregate size and soil management effects[J].Geoderma,2008,146:83-93.
[23]FlorkováZ,Komacˇka J.Usage of microscope method for detection of aggregate microtexture[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,111:209-214.
[24]姚贤良,于德芬.关于集约农作制下的土壤结构问题---Ⅲ.不同培育条件下土壤结构的微形态特征[J].土壤学报,1988,25(1):55-58.
[25]王志兵,汪稔,郑郧,等.蒋家沟泥石流源区土壤团聚体微结构与结构性[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):27-31.
[26]Bailey V L,Mccue L A,Fansler S J,et al.Micrometer-scale physical structure and microbial composition of soil macroaggregates[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,65(5):60-68.
[27]杜国浩,陈荣昌,谢红兰,等.同步辐射在显微CT中的应用[J].生物医学工程学进展,2009,30(4):226-231.
[28]Kravchenko A,Chun H C,Mazer M,et al.Relationships between intra-aggregate pore structures and distributions of Escherichia coli within soil macro-aggregates[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,63:134-142.
[29]Naveed M,Arthur E,de Jonge L W,et al.Pore structure of natural and regenerated soil aggregates:An X-ray computed tomography analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2014,78:377-386.
[30]Ananyeva K,Wang W,Smucker A J M,et al.Can intraaggregate pore structures affect the aggregate’s effectiveness in protecting carbon[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57(23):868-875.
[31]Mangalassery S,Sj9gersten S,Sparkes D L,et al.The effect of soil aggregate size on pore structure and its consequence on emission of greenhouse gases[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2013,132(8):39-46.
[32]Zhou H,Peng X,Peth S,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil aggregate microstructure quantified with synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2012,124:17-23.
[33]Zhou H,Peng X H,Perfect E,et al.Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil aggregation in an ultisol as characterized by synchrotron based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Geoderma,2013,195:23-30.
[34]Zhao D,Xu M,Liu G,et al.Quantification of soil aggregate microstructure on abandoned cropland during vegetative succession using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2017,165:239-246.
[35]Ma R,Cai C,Li Z,et al.Evaluation of soil aggregate microstructure and stability under wetting and drying cycles in two ultisols using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,149:1-11.
[36]Bird N,Díaz M C,Saa A,et al.Fractal and multifractal analysis of pore-scale images of soil[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,322(1):211-219.
[37]Peth S,Horn R,Beckemann F,et al.The interior of soil aggregates investigated by synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2008,7078:70781H.
[38]Peth S,Horn R,Beckman F,et al.Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore space features using synchrotron radiation-based microtomography[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2008,72:897-907.
[39]Yu X,Fu Y,Lu S.Characterization of the pore structure and cementing substances of soil aggregates by a combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68:66-79.
[40]张季如,祝杰,黄丽,等.土壤微观结构定量分析的IPP图像技术研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4):80-83.
[41]Pal N R,Pal S K.A review on image segmentation techniques[J].Pattern recognition,1993,26(9):1277-1294.
[42]Mardia K V,Hainsworth T J.A spatial thresholding method for image segmentation[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1988,10(6):919-927.
[43]Oh W,Lindquist B.Image thresholding by indicator kriging[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999,21(7):590-602.
[44]Garbout A,Munkholm L J,Hansen S B.Temporal dynamics for soil aggregates determined using X-ray CTscanning[J].Geoderma,2013,204:15-22.
[45]张培,李梦洁,孙水发,等.Image J软件在三维立体CT图像处理中的应用[J].电脑开发与应用,2012(10):9-12.
[46]FlorkováZ,Jambor M.Quantification of aggregate surface texture based on three dimensional microscope measurement[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,192:195-200.
[47]张耀方.子午岭林区不同胶结物质类型的土壤团聚体结构特征[D].杨凌:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2015.
[48]王恩姮,赵雨森,夏祥友,等.冻融交替后不同尺度黑土结构变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6287-6296.
[49]石莹,王数,张晓娜,等.北京小西山山前洪积扇不同土地利用方式下的土壤微形态特征[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(2):118-124.
[50]Kravchenko A N,Wang A N W,Smucker A J M,et al.Long-term differences in tillage and land use affect intraaggregate pore heterogeneity[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2011,75(5):1658-1666.
[51]李德成,Velde B,Delerue J F,等.免耕制度下耕作土壤结构演化的数字图像分析[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):214-220.
[52]赵冬,许明祥,刘国彬,等.用显微CT研究不同植被恢复模式的土壤团聚体微结构特征[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):123-129.
[53]张小平,施斌.石灰膨胀土团聚体微结构的扫描电镜分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):654-660.
[54]Zhu F,Liao J X,Xue S,et al.Evaluation of aggregate microstructures following natural regeneration in bauxite residue as characterized by synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,573(24):155-163.
[55]Simas F N B,Schaefer C E G R,Melo V F,et al.Ornithogenic cryosols from Maritime Antarctica:Phosphatization as a soil forming process[J].Geoderma,2007,138(3/4):191-203.
[56]谢萍若,左敬兰,国际翔.我国辽西几种褐土的微形态研究[J].土壤学报,1985,22(2):177-182.
[57]周虎,李文昭,张中彬,等.利用X射线CT研究多尺度土壤结构[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1226-1230.
[2]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.
[3]Young I M,Crawford J W,Rappoldt C.New methods and models for characterising structural heterogeneity of soil[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,61(1):33-45.
[4]祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.
[5]於修龄.土壤团聚体/铁锰结核的三维结构、形成过程及其环境意义[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[6]贺秀斌,唐克丽,张成娥,等.农业生态与土地退化的土壤微形态研究[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(3):234-237.
[7]孙经伟,尧水红,李娜,等.农田恢复措施对黑土母质发育的新成土壤团聚体微形态及孔隙结构的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):17-23.
[8]周虎,彭新华,张中彬,等.基于同步辐射微CT研究不同利用年限水稻土团聚体微结构特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):343-347.
[9]李文昭,周虎,陈效民,等.基于同步辐射微CT研究不同施肥措施下水稻土团聚体微结构特征[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):67-74.
[10]申思雨,刘哲,吕贻忠.不同种植方式对温室土壤微形态的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):355-360.
[11]刘勇,胡霞,李宗超,等.基于医学CT和工业CT扫描研究土壤大孔隙结构特征的区别[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(4):106-111.
[12]邢铭汕.浅谈原状土试样的采样、保存和制备[J].城市建设,2010,59(Z1):241.
[13]秦鱼生,涂仕华,王正银,等.长期定位施肥下紫色土土壤微形态特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):352-356.
[14]刘颖,王数,张凤荣,等.北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生产基地的土壤微形态特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):636-645.
[15]Jongerius A,Heizberger G.Methods in soil micromorphology:A technique for the preparation of large thin sections[J].Soil Survey Papers,1975,10:48-59.
[16]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤微形态实验室.用不饱和聚酯树脂制备土壤薄片的方法[J].土壤,1976(Z1):329-333.
[17]何毓蓉,黄成敏,周红艺.成都平原水耕人为土诊断层的微形态特征与土壤基层分类[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):157-163.
[18]刘伟,区自清,应佩峰.土壤大孔隙及其研究方法[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):465-468.
[19]Hoshino A.Physicochemical properties and micromorphological characteristics of the soils under grazing and cultivated fields in the Kherlen river basin,Mongolia[D].Tsukuba:University of Tsukuba,2006.
[20]Lafeber D.The optical determination of spatial(threedimensional)orientation of platy clay minerals in soil thin-sections[J].Geoderma,1967,1(3):359-369.
[21]陈宇龙.云南膨胀土的微观结构特征[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):334-339.
[22]Chun H C,Giménez D,Yoon S W.Morphology,lacunarity and entropy of intra-aggregate pores:Aggregate size and soil management effects[J].Geoderma,2008,146:83-93.
[23]FlorkováZ,Komacˇka J.Usage of microscope method for detection of aggregate microtexture[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,111:209-214.
[24]姚贤良,于德芬.关于集约农作制下的土壤结构问题---Ⅲ.不同培育条件下土壤结构的微形态特征[J].土壤学报,1988,25(1):55-58.
[25]王志兵,汪稔,郑郧,等.蒋家沟泥石流源区土壤团聚体微结构与结构性[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):27-31.
[26]Bailey V L,Mccue L A,Fansler S J,et al.Micrometer-scale physical structure and microbial composition of soil macroaggregates[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,65(5):60-68.
[27]杜国浩,陈荣昌,谢红兰,等.同步辐射在显微CT中的应用[J].生物医学工程学进展,2009,30(4):226-231.
[28]Kravchenko A,Chun H C,Mazer M,et al.Relationships between intra-aggregate pore structures and distributions of Escherichia coli within soil macro-aggregates[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,63:134-142.
[29]Naveed M,Arthur E,de Jonge L W,et al.Pore structure of natural and regenerated soil aggregates:An X-ray computed tomography analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2014,78:377-386.
[30]Ananyeva K,Wang W,Smucker A J M,et al.Can intraaggregate pore structures affect the aggregate’s effectiveness in protecting carbon[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57(23):868-875.
[31]Mangalassery S,Sj9gersten S,Sparkes D L,et al.The effect of soil aggregate size on pore structure and its consequence on emission of greenhouse gases[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2013,132(8):39-46.
[32]Zhou H,Peng X,Peth S,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil aggregate microstructure quantified with synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2012,124:17-23.
[33]Zhou H,Peng X H,Perfect E,et al.Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil aggregation in an ultisol as characterized by synchrotron based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Geoderma,2013,195:23-30.
[34]Zhao D,Xu M,Liu G,et al.Quantification of soil aggregate microstructure on abandoned cropland during vegetative succession using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2017,165:239-246.
[35]Ma R,Cai C,Li Z,et al.Evaluation of soil aggregate microstructure and stability under wetting and drying cycles in two ultisols using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,149:1-11.
[36]Bird N,Díaz M C,Saa A,et al.Fractal and multifractal analysis of pore-scale images of soil[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,322(1):211-219.
[37]Peth S,Horn R,Beckemann F,et al.The interior of soil aggregates investigated by synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2008,7078:70781H.
[38]Peth S,Horn R,Beckman F,et al.Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore space features using synchrotron radiation-based microtomography[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2008,72:897-907.
[39]Yu X,Fu Y,Lu S.Characterization of the pore structure and cementing substances of soil aggregates by a combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68:66-79.
[40]张季如,祝杰,黄丽,等.土壤微观结构定量分析的IPP图像技术研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4):80-83.
[41]Pal N R,Pal S K.A review on image segmentation techniques[J].Pattern recognition,1993,26(9):1277-1294.
[42]Mardia K V,Hainsworth T J.A spatial thresholding method for image segmentation[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1988,10(6):919-927.
[43]Oh W,Lindquist B.Image thresholding by indicator kriging[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999,21(7):590-602.
[44]Garbout A,Munkholm L J,Hansen S B.Temporal dynamics for soil aggregates determined using X-ray CTscanning[J].Geoderma,2013,204:15-22.
[45]张培,李梦洁,孙水发,等.Image J软件在三维立体CT图像处理中的应用[J].电脑开发与应用,2012(10):9-12.
[46]FlorkováZ,Jambor M.Quantification of aggregate surface texture based on three dimensional microscope measurement[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,192:195-200.
[47]张耀方.子午岭林区不同胶结物质类型的土壤团聚体结构特征[D].杨凌:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2015.
[48]王恩姮,赵雨森,夏祥友,等.冻融交替后不同尺度黑土结构变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6287-6296.
[49]石莹,王数,张晓娜,等.北京小西山山前洪积扇不同土地利用方式下的土壤微形态特征[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(2):118-124.
[50]Kravchenko A N,Wang A N W,Smucker A J M,et al.Long-term differences in tillage and land use affect intraaggregate pore heterogeneity[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2011,75(5):1658-1666.
[51]李德成,Velde B,Delerue J F,等.免耕制度下耕作土壤结构演化的数字图像分析[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):214-220.
[52]赵冬,许明祥,刘国彬,等.用显微CT研究不同植被恢复模式的土壤团聚体微结构特征[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):123-129.
[53]张小平,施斌.石灰膨胀土团聚体微结构的扫描电镜分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):654-660.
[54]Zhu F,Liao J X,Xue S,et al.Evaluation of aggregate microstructures following natural regeneration in bauxite residue as characterized by synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,573(24):155-163.
[55]Simas F N B,Schaefer C E G R,Melo V F,et al.Ornithogenic cryosols from Maritime Antarctica:Phosphatization as a soil forming process[J].Geoderma,2007,138(3/4):191-203.
[56]谢萍若,左敬兰,国际翔.我国辽西几种褐土的微形态研究[J].土壤学报,1985,22(2):177-182.
[57]周虎,李文昭,张中彬,等.利用X射线CT研究多尺度土壤结构[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1226-1230.