抽水诱发的基岩潜山型地裂缝高风险区模拟预测
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摘要
长期超采地下水是诱发地裂缝的重要因素之一。为了揭示由地下水开采诱发基岩潜山型地裂缝的成因机制,预测地裂缝发育的高风险区,根据无锡某一典型的工程地质剖面,采用FLAC3D接触面单元模拟地裂缝,建立了包含21个接触面单元的数值模型;分析了地下水开采过程中土体的变形特征,依据接触面的开度变化,对地裂缝的高风险区进行了预测。模拟结果表明,对于基岩面起伏、压缩层厚度不均匀的地层,地裂缝的高风险区位于基岩潜山山脊的上方。通过与现场调查结果的对比,验证了本文所提出的采用FLAC3D接触面单元预测地裂缝高风险区的方法是可行的和有效的。
Long-term overexploitation of groundwater plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of earth fissures. In order to reveal the mechanism of groundwater exploitation on the formation of buriedhill-controlled earth fissures and predict its high-risk areas,a FLAC3 Dnumerical model including 21 interface elements was established according to a typical geological profile at Wuxi. The characteristics of soil deformation during the process of ground-water exploitation were analyzed and a prediction of high-risk areas of earth fissure was made based on the opening degree of interfaces. The numerical simulation results show that the earth fissures is apt to form above the ridge of buried hill of bedrock for the strata with uneven compression layers. The numerical results are consistent with the field observations,and the feasibility and effectiveness of earth fissures modeled by interface elements of FLAC3 Dare verified.
Long-term overexploitation of groundwater plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of earth fissures. In order to reveal the mechanism of groundwater exploitation on the formation of buriedhill-controlled earth fissures and predict its high-risk areas,a FLAC3 Dnumerical model including 21 interface elements was established according to a typical geological profile at Wuxi. The characteristics of soil deformation during the process of ground-water exploitation were analyzed and a prediction of high-risk areas of earth fissure was made based on the opening degree of interfaces. The numerical simulation results show that the earth fissures is apt to form above the ridge of buried hill of bedrock for the strata with uneven compression layers. The numerical results are consistent with the field observations,and the feasibility and effectiveness of earth fissures modeled by interface elements of FLAC3 Dare verified.
引文
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[18]王光亚,施斌,王晓梅等.江阴南部地面沉降及地裂缝研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(2):117~122.Wang Guangya,Shi Bin,Wang Xiaomei et al.Land subsidence and earth fissures in southern Jiangyin[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(2):117~122.(in Chinese)
[2]龚绪龙,杨蕴,朱锦旗等.苏南平原区地裂缝现状及其需要解决的几个问题[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2015,26(2):103~109.Gong Xulong,Yang Yun,Zhu Jinqi et al.Ground fissures in south plain of Jiangsu province and related issues[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2015,26(2):103~109.(in Chinese)
[3]卢全中,彭建兵,邓亚虹等.北京北七家—高丽营地裂缝破坏特征及影响带宽度[J].工程勘察,2014,42(6):5~11.Lu Quanzhong,Peng Jianbing,Deng Yahong et al.Failure characteristics and influence width of Beiqijia-Gaoliying ground fissure in Beijing[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2014,42(6):5~11.(in Chinese)
[4]Zhang Y,Xue YQ,Wu JH,et al.Land subsidence and earth fissures due to groundwater withdrawal in the Southern Yangtze delta China[J].Environ.Geol.,2008,55:751.
[5]Rojas E,Arzate J,Arroyo M.A method to predict the group fissuring and faulting caused by regional groundwater decline[J].Eng.Geol.,2002,65:245~260.
[6]Yu J,Wang XM,Su XS,Yu Q.The mechanism analysis on ground fissure disaster formation in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2004,34(2):236~241
[7]彭建兵,范文,李喜安等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433~440.Peng Jianbing,Fan Wen,Li Xi’an et al.Some key questions in the formation of ground fissures in the Fen-Wei basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433~440.(in Chinese)
[8]伍洲云,余勤,张云.苏锡常地区地裂缝形成过程[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1):67~72.Wu Zhouyun,Yu Qin,Zhang Yun.Forming process of earth fissure hazard in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,30(1):67~72.(in Chinese)
[9]石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵等.西安城区地裂缝破裂扩展的数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(6):56~60.Shi Yuling,Men Yuming,Peng Jianbing et al.Numerical simulation of ground-fissure cracking and extending in Xi'an[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35(6):56~60.(in Chinese)
[10]蒋臻蔚,彭建兵,王启耀.先存断裂对抽水沉降及地裂缝活动影响的数值模拟[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(4):1099~1103.Jiang Zhenwei,Peng Jianbing,Wang Qiyao.Numerical simulation of the effect of preexisting fault on land subsidence and ground fissures during pumping[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(4):1099~1103.(in Chinese)
[11]刘伟韬,刘士亮,霍志超等.顶板导水裂隙带发育高度模拟与测试技术研究[J].工程勘察,2014,42(11):39~43.Liu Weitao,Liu Shiliang,Huo Zhichao et al.Study on simulation and testing technology of the height of roof water flowing fractured zone[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2014,42(11):39~43.(in Chinese)
[12]G.Y.Wang,G.You,B.Shietal.Earth fissures triggered by groundwater withdrawal and coupled by geological structures in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Environ.Geol.,2009,57:1047~1054.
[13]Guangya Wang,G.You,Jinqi Zhu et al.Investigations of Chang-Jing earth fissures,Jiangyin,Jiangsu,China[J].Environ.Earth.Sci.,2016,75:502.
[14]王光亚,施斌,邱祖林等.江阴河塘地裂缝勘察研究[J].工程勘察,2009,37(4):1~5.Wang Guangya,Shi Bin,Qiu Zulin et al.Investigation on Hetang earth fissure in south Jiangyin[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2009,37(4):1~5.(in Chinese)
[15]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.Chen Yumin,Xu Dingping.FLAC/ELAC3D basis and engineering practice[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[16]Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions[K].Itasca Consulting Group,Inc 2005.
[17]Guangya Wang,Greg You,Jinqi Zhu et al.Earth fissures in SuXi-Chang region,Jiangsu,China[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2016,37:1095~1116.
[18]王光亚,施斌,王晓梅等.江阴南部地面沉降及地裂缝研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(2):117~122.Wang Guangya,Shi Bin,Wang Xiaomei et al.Land subsidence and earth fissures in southern Jiangyin[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(2):117~122.(in Chinese)