中国企业对欧洲贸易投资的政策风险和对策
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摘要
习近平总书记近日反复强调要着力防范化解重大风险。其中一项任务就是要加强海外利益保护,确保海外重大项目和人员机构安全。近年来,欧盟在贸易投资等领域对中国企业的限制和防范有所加强。在当前全球保护主义和单边主义抬头的环境下,中国企业在欧洲经营面临的风险挑战日益上升。因此,中国企业"走出去"风险已经成为我们需要着力防范化解的风险之一。本文试分析欧洲政经形势变化对我国企业的影响以及当前我国企业在欧面临的主要政策风险,并研提意见建议。
President Xi Jinping has recently stressed the importance of preventing and defusing major risks. One of the major tasks is to reinforce the protection of the country's overseas interests and ensure the safety of major overseas projects, personnel and organizations. In the recent years, the EU has stepped up efforts to restrict the expansion of activities of Chinese enterprises in trade and investment area. Against the backdrop of rising protectionism and unilateralism globally, the risks and challenges faced by Chinese companies in Europe has been increased. Hence, it is very crucial for Chinese companies to cope with the risks seriously. This paper focuses on the challenges and risks posed by the changing European political and economic landscape, and analyzes the influence affected by the policy shifts in EU and its member states. At last, this paper makes some proposals and recommendation to Chinese government and enterprises.
President Xi Jinping has recently stressed the importance of preventing and defusing major risks. One of the major tasks is to reinforce the protection of the country's overseas interests and ensure the safety of major overseas projects, personnel and organizations. In the recent years, the EU has stepped up efforts to restrict the expansion of activities of Chinese enterprises in trade and investment area. Against the backdrop of rising protectionism and unilateralism globally, the risks and challenges faced by Chinese companies in Europe has been increased. Hence, it is very crucial for Chinese companies to cope with the risks seriously. This paper focuses on the challenges and risks posed by the changing European political and economic landscape, and analyzes the influence affected by the policy shifts in EU and its member states. At last, this paper makes some proposals and recommendation to Chinese government and enterprises.
引文
[1] 程卫东,李以所.欧洲法律评论(第3卷)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2018.
[2]朱识义.外资参与经营者集中国家安全审查制度研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2014.
[3]赵蓓文.“一带一路”建设与中国企业对外直接投资新方向[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2018.
[4]高梁.欧盟竞争法“母公司责任”的发展进程及对中国企业的启示[J].中国价格监管与反垄断,2017(04):26-29.
[5]唐宇.欧盟竞争政策的特点及发展趋势[J].国际贸易,2017(12):19-24.
[6]李彦彦.欧盟反倾销法修改案与WTO多边规则的适用[J].法律适用,2017(11):55-61.
[7]本刊编辑部.WTO成员对欧盟反倾销新方法提出质疑[J].WTO经济导刊,2017(11):6.
[8]刘奇超,科尔曼·茉莉,张春燕,等.欧盟数字经济公平课税方案的总体思路、核心理念与政策要领:一个全景式分析框架[J].国际税收,2018(10):35-43.
[9]欧盟将出台政府采购促进经济增长新举措[J].中国政府采购,2018(06):6.
[10]任哲.建立欧盟统一的数据保护框架[J].中国金融,2018(12):57-58.
[11]吴迪,许豫东.中国交通运输业“走出去”面临的问题与建议[J].国际经济合作,2016(06):48-51.
[12]胡子南.德国收紧外资安全审查对中国收购影响分析[J].现代管理科学,2018(01):57-59.
[13]李霞,侍荻.欧洲金融一体化的深化[J].中国金融,2018(20):77-79.
[14]周密.美日欧联手对华施压背后的逻辑[J].世界知识,2018(09):13.
[15]刘向东.中欧双边投资协定谈判中涉及中资企业公平竞争问题及应对建议[J].全球化,2018(02):61-74.
(1)“严重扭曲”指价格和成本因为受到政府重大干预的影响,不是因自由市场力量的结果所产生的扭曲,考虑因素包括:市场由出口国当局所有、控制的企业组成;允许国家对价格或成本干预;公共政策措施歧视性有利于国内供应商;破产、公司及物权法律缺失或执行不力;工资成本被扭曲;从非独立于国家的机构获得融资。
(2)“替代国”做法是指,反倾销调查中,在确定其正常价值时,不使用其出口国商品的实际成本,而选择一个市场经济第三国或进口国的同类相似商品价格,作为计算正常价值的方法。
(3)“从低征税”是指,在欧盟等世贸组织成员方,主管机关定量分析倾销进口产品对国内产业所造成的损害程度,并把计算出的损害幅度与倾销幅度进行比较,并将低者作为确定反倾销税依据的做法。
[2]朱识义.外资参与经营者集中国家安全审查制度研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2014.
[3]赵蓓文.“一带一路”建设与中国企业对外直接投资新方向[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2018.
[4]高梁.欧盟竞争法“母公司责任”的发展进程及对中国企业的启示[J].中国价格监管与反垄断,2017(04):26-29.
[5]唐宇.欧盟竞争政策的特点及发展趋势[J].国际贸易,2017(12):19-24.
[6]李彦彦.欧盟反倾销法修改案与WTO多边规则的适用[J].法律适用,2017(11):55-61.
[7]本刊编辑部.WTO成员对欧盟反倾销新方法提出质疑[J].WTO经济导刊,2017(11):6.
[8]刘奇超,科尔曼·茉莉,张春燕,等.欧盟数字经济公平课税方案的总体思路、核心理念与政策要领:一个全景式分析框架[J].国际税收,2018(10):35-43.
[9]欧盟将出台政府采购促进经济增长新举措[J].中国政府采购,2018(06):6.
[10]任哲.建立欧盟统一的数据保护框架[J].中国金融,2018(12):57-58.
[11]吴迪,许豫东.中国交通运输业“走出去”面临的问题与建议[J].国际经济合作,2016(06):48-51.
[12]胡子南.德国收紧外资安全审查对中国收购影响分析[J].现代管理科学,2018(01):57-59.
[13]李霞,侍荻.欧洲金融一体化的深化[J].中国金融,2018(20):77-79.
[14]周密.美日欧联手对华施压背后的逻辑[J].世界知识,2018(09):13.
[15]刘向东.中欧双边投资协定谈判中涉及中资企业公平竞争问题及应对建议[J].全球化,2018(02):61-74.
(1)“严重扭曲”指价格和成本因为受到政府重大干预的影响,不是因自由市场力量的结果所产生的扭曲,考虑因素包括:市场由出口国当局所有、控制的企业组成;允许国家对价格或成本干预;公共政策措施歧视性有利于国内供应商;破产、公司及物权法律缺失或执行不力;工资成本被扭曲;从非独立于国家的机构获得融资。
(2)“替代国”做法是指,反倾销调查中,在确定其正常价值时,不使用其出口国商品的实际成本,而选择一个市场经济第三国或进口国的同类相似商品价格,作为计算正常价值的方法。
(3)“从低征税”是指,在欧盟等世贸组织成员方,主管机关定量分析倾销进口产品对国内产业所造成的损害程度,并把计算出的损害幅度与倾销幅度进行比较,并将低者作为确定反倾销税依据的做法。