不同种植年限对设施蔬菜土壤及基质质量的影响
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摘要
为探讨种植年限对设施蔬菜土壤及基质质量的影响,分别选取0,1,3,7年的土壤和基质,分析其养分、土壤微生物和酶活性的变化,综合评价设施蔬菜土壤及基质随种植年限质量的演变状况。结果表明,土壤pH、有机质和C/N值随年限增加呈降低趋势,7年有机质和pH含量最低;不同年限间土壤全氮和EC无显著差异,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾随种植年限增加呈增加趋势;土壤酶活性和微生物数(除真菌外)均先增加后降低,7年真菌数量最高;基质全氮含量随种植年限的增加而降低,原始基质EC为2. 13 m S·cm~(-1),当种植作物后,基质EC值迅速下降至1年后,无显著变化,基质细菌、微生物总数和放线菌/真菌值都呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均在种植1年时最高,分别比原始基质高0. 85,0. 47和3. 14倍。综合质量分数表明,基质质量随种植年限增加逐渐降低,种植4年后下降速度变慢,土壤质量先提升后降低,种植达4年时土壤质量最好,4年后有下降趋势。
The aim of planting years impact on the soil and substrate quality of facility vegetables.Respectively,trails selected soil and substrate for 0,1,3,and 7 years. To evaluate the evolution of facility vegetable soil and substrate with the planting age. The results showed that soil pH,organic matter and C/N values decreased with the planting age. In addition,the organic matter and pH were the lowest in 7 years. There was no significances difference in soil total nitrogen and EC between different years. The trends of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were same with the planting years. The substrate total nitrogen content decreased with the increasing of planting years. Original matrix EC was 2. 13 m S·cm~(-1) and no significances change after the rapidly decline with planting crops. Substrate of the total number bacteria,total microorganisms and B/F values increased firstly then decreased and highest at 1 year planting. They higher than the original matrix of 0. 85,0. 47 and 3. 14 times respectively. The comprehensive quality score indicated that the substrate quality gradually decreases with the increase of planting years,the decline rate slowed down after 4 years. The soil quality was the best which planted 4 years,decreasing before increasing.
The aim of planting years impact on the soil and substrate quality of facility vegetables.Respectively,trails selected soil and substrate for 0,1,3,and 7 years. To evaluate the evolution of facility vegetable soil and substrate with the planting age. The results showed that soil pH,organic matter and C/N values decreased with the planting age. In addition,the organic matter and pH were the lowest in 7 years. There was no significances difference in soil total nitrogen and EC between different years. The trends of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were same with the planting years. The substrate total nitrogen content decreased with the increasing of planting years. Original matrix EC was 2. 13 m S·cm~(-1) and no significances change after the rapidly decline with planting crops. Substrate of the total number bacteria,total microorganisms and B/F values increased firstly then decreased and highest at 1 year planting. They higher than the original matrix of 0. 85,0. 47 and 3. 14 times respectively. The comprehensive quality score indicated that the substrate quality gradually decreases with the increase of planting years,the decline rate slowed down after 4 years. The soil quality was the best which planted 4 years,decreasing before increasing.
引文
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[2]秦艳梅.常规与有机生产方式下稻田和菜地温室气体(CH4和N2O)排放研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
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[8] THORSTEN K,BARBARA K,JAN W,et al. Cascading use of Miscanthus as growing substrate in soilless cultivation of vegetable(tomatoes,cucumbers)and subsequent direct combustion[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:205-213.
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[11]张文斌,许耀照,陈修斌.不同茬口无土栽培基质水浸液对西葫芦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(4):234-239.
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[15]周德平,褚长彬,刘芳芳,等.种植年限对设施芦笋土壤理化性状、微生物及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):459-466.
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[17]杨瑞平.西瓜连作障碍缓解技术及其机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[18]熊静.不同调控措施对基质根区养分累积及番茄生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[19]王楠.设施栽培年限对设施土壤生态环境的影响及次生盐渍化土壤的改良[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[20]温祥影.轮作对大棚蔬菜产量及黄瓜根际土壤生态环境的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[21] LI R,TAO R,LING N,et al. Chemical,organic and bio-fertilizer management practices effect on soil physicochemical property and antagonistic bacteria abundance of a cotton field:Implications for soil biological quality[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2017,167:30-38.
[22] YAOZ,XING J,GU H,et al. Development of microbial community structure in vegetable-growing soils from open-field to plastic-greenhouse cultivation based on the PLFA analysis[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2016,16(8):2041-2049.
[23]高新昊,张英鹏,刘兆辉等.种植年限对寿光设施大棚土壤生态环境的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1452-1459.
[24]李威,程智慧,孟焕文,等.轮作不同蔬菜对大棚番茄连作基质中微生物与酶及后茬番茄的影响[J].园艺学报,2012,39(1):73-80.
[2]秦艳梅.常规与有机生产方式下稻田和菜地温室气体(CH4和N2O)排放研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[3]李兰君.设施番茄土壤理化性质、微生物与酶活性变化研究[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2017.
[4]王英华.稻壳在日光温室西葫芦有机基质栽培中的应用研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[5]殷学云,张国森.盐碱地日光温室番茄有机生态型无土栽培技术[J].蔬菜,2009(9):12-14.
[6]翟孟圆,黄金刚,李宝庆.不同栽培基质对设施樱桃番茄生长发育及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(11):39-42; 97.
[7]李谦盛,郭世荣,李式军.基质EC值与作物生长的关系及其测定方法比较[J].中国蔬菜,2004,1(1):70-71.
[8] THORSTEN K,BARBARA K,JAN W,et al. Cascading use of Miscanthus as growing substrate in soilless cultivation of vegetable(tomatoes,cucumbers)and subsequent direct combustion[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:205-213.
[9] AISHWATHi O P,LAl G,Naimuddin,et al. Evaluation of nutritional quality of manures:Impact on yield and uptake of nutrients in fenugreek(Trigonella foenumgraecum)and soil properties under typic haplustepts[J]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,87(9):1158-1164.
[10]赵慧玲.大棚基质栽培辣椒/洋葱套作效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[11]张文斌,许耀照,陈修斌.不同茬口无土栽培基质水浸液对西葫芦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(4):234-239.
[12]董艳,董坤,郑毅,等.种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):527-532.
[13]马彦霞.日光温室番茄栽培基质的根际环境及化感作用研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013.
[14]温祥影.轮作对大棚蔬菜产量及黄瓜根际土壤生态环境的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[15]周德平,褚长彬,刘芳芳,等.种植年限对设施芦笋土壤理化性状、微生物及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):459-466.
[16]武春成.日光温室黄瓜营养基质栽培延缓连作障碍发生的因素及调控措施探究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[17]杨瑞平.西瓜连作障碍缓解技术及其机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[18]熊静.不同调控措施对基质根区养分累积及番茄生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[19]王楠.设施栽培年限对设施土壤生态环境的影响及次生盐渍化土壤的改良[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[20]温祥影.轮作对大棚蔬菜产量及黄瓜根际土壤生态环境的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[21] LI R,TAO R,LING N,et al. Chemical,organic and bio-fertilizer management practices effect on soil physicochemical property and antagonistic bacteria abundance of a cotton field:Implications for soil biological quality[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2017,167:30-38.
[22] YAOZ,XING J,GU H,et al. Development of microbial community structure in vegetable-growing soils from open-field to plastic-greenhouse cultivation based on the PLFA analysis[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2016,16(8):2041-2049.
[23]高新昊,张英鹏,刘兆辉等.种植年限对寿光设施大棚土壤生态环境的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1452-1459.
[24]李威,程智慧,孟焕文,等.轮作不同蔬菜对大棚番茄连作基质中微生物与酶及后茬番茄的影响[J].园艺学报,2012,39(1):73-80.