不同基追肥比例对湖南省双季稻产量及干物质积累的影响
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摘要
为探究不同基追肥比例对湖南省双季稻产量及干物质积累的影响,以‘湘早籼32号’和‘中嘉早17’为早稻供试品种,‘湘晚籼12号’和‘五优308’为晚稻供试品种,设置6种不同施肥比例(T1~T6)与1个不施肥处理(T7)。研究结果表明:施肥能有效提高水稻产量,比不施肥增产16.07%~91.33%。早稻‘中嘉早17’以基追肥比例8:2:0:0产量最高,为7497.00 kg/hm~2,晚稻‘五优308’以基追肥比例6:2:2:0产量最高,为9387.90 kg/hm~2;早晚稻的干物质积累量均以基追肥比例4:3:3:0较高,是一种有利于干物质积累的施肥方式,前轻后重的施肥方式茎秆重、叶片重、穗重显著低于其他处理,基追肥比例0:5:3:2的根系重与茎秆重分别比其他施肥处理少9.72%~63.84%和6.42%~27.82%,表明肥料后移会减少水稻干物质的积累。因此,在湖南地区重施基蘖肥可促进早稻分蘖的发生,晚稻在重施基蘖肥的基础上适当配施穗肥可增加单位面积颖花数、提高结实率,以此获得双季稻的高产。
To investigate the influences of different ratios of base and top-dressing fertilizer on the yield anddry matter accumulation of double season rice in Hunan Province, using ‘Xiangzaoxian32' and‘Zhongjiazao17'as early rice varieties,‘Xiangwanxian12'and‘Wuyou308'as late rice varieties, a fieldexperiment was carried out with six different ratios of basal and top-dressing fertilizer and non-fertilizationtreatment. The results showed that fertilization could increase the yield of rice by 16.07%-91.33% comparedwith non-fertilization treatment. The highest yield of‘Zhongjiazao17'was obtained with the ratio of 8:2:0:0, as7497.00 kg/hm~2 in early rice, and the highest yield of‘Wuyou308'was obtained with the ratio of 6:2:2:0, as9387.90 kg/hm~2 in late rice. The dry matter accumulation with the ratio of 4:3:3:0 in early and late rice wererelatively high, and this ratio was a proper fertilization mode to accumulate dry matter in rice. The root, stem,leaf and panicle weights of first lower-then higher fertilization mode were significantly lower than those ofother treatments, since root and stem weights of the ratio of 0:5:3:2 were lower than those of others by 9.72%-63.84 and 6.42%-27.82% which indicated that delayed fertilization could reduce the dry matter accumulationof rice. Therefore, in Hunan Provinve, tillering of early rice could be promoted with more base tilleringfertilizer, and more base tillering fertilizer with suitable panicle fertilizer could increase the number ofspikelets per unit area and the seed setting rate in late rice, thus to obtain high yield of double season rice.
To investigate the influences of different ratios of base and top-dressing fertilizer on the yield anddry matter accumulation of double season rice in Hunan Province, using ‘Xiangzaoxian32' and‘Zhongjiazao17'as early rice varieties,‘Xiangwanxian12'and‘Wuyou308'as late rice varieties, a fieldexperiment was carried out with six different ratios of basal and top-dressing fertilizer and non-fertilizationtreatment. The results showed that fertilization could increase the yield of rice by 16.07%-91.33% comparedwith non-fertilization treatment. The highest yield of‘Zhongjiazao17'was obtained with the ratio of 8:2:0:0, as7497.00 kg/hm~2 in early rice, and the highest yield of‘Wuyou308'was obtained with the ratio of 6:2:2:0, as9387.90 kg/hm~2 in late rice. The dry matter accumulation with the ratio of 4:3:3:0 in early and late rice wererelatively high, and this ratio was a proper fertilization mode to accumulate dry matter in rice. The root, stem,leaf and panicle weights of first lower-then higher fertilization mode were significantly lower than those ofother treatments, since root and stem weights of the ratio of 0:5:3:2 were lower than those of others by 9.72%-63.84 and 6.42%-27.82% which indicated that delayed fertilization could reduce the dry matter accumulationof rice. Therefore, in Hunan Provinve, tillering of early rice could be promoted with more base tilleringfertilizer, and more base tillering fertilizer with suitable panicle fertilizer could increase the number ofspikelets per unit area and the seed setting rate in late rice, thus to obtain high yield of double season rice.
引文
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[21]陈爱忠,潘晓华,吴建富,等.氮素施用比例对双季超级稻产量和氮素吸收、利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,03:40-44.
[22]戴平安,郑圣先,李学斌,等.穗肥氮施用比例对两系杂交水稻氮素吸收、籽粒氨基酸含量和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2006,01:79-83.
[23]黄铁平.湖南农业可持续发展中的肥料问题[J].农业现代化研究,2014,05:578-582.
[24]Cabangon R J,Tuong T P,Castillo E G,et al.Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on riceyield,water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2004,2(4):1611-2490.
[25]张耀鸿,张亚丽,黄启为,等.不同氮肥水平下水稻产量以及氮素吸收、利用的基因型差异比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,05:616-621.
[26]Huang J L,He F,Cui K H,et al.Determination of optimal nitrogen rate for rice varieties using a chlorophyll meter[J].Field Crops Res.,2008,105:70-80.
[2]赵秉强,林治安,刘增兵.中国肥料产业未来发展道路——提高肥料利用率减少肥料用量[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,06:1-4.
[3]吴焕焕,徐明岗,吕家珑.长期不同施肥条件下红壤水稻产量可持续性特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,07:163-168.
[4]刘汝亮,李友宏,张爱平,等.育秧箱全量施肥对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,07:1853-1860.
[5]苑俊丽,梁新强,李亮,等.中国水稻产量和氮素吸收量对高效氮肥响应的整合分析[J].中国农业科学,2014,17:3414-3423.
[6]潘圣刚,黄胜奇,翟晶,等.氮肥用量与运筹对水稻氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J].土壤,2012,01:23-29.
[7]王允青,郭熙盛,戴明伏.氮肥运筹方式对杂交水稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,02:31-34.
[8]张满利,陈盈,侯守贵,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物杂志,2010,06:46-50.
[9]陆旭,杨志新,续勇波,等.不同氮肥用量对元阳梯田水稻产量及构成因素的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,03:376-381,388.
[10]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,等.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,10:1872-1884.
[11]陈平平,张小平,吴小京,等.氮肥运筹对‘陆两优996’产量形成与氮利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,05:238-242.
[12]崔月峰,孙国才,卢铁钢.施氮量及氮肥运筹对超级粳稻生长发育和氮素利用特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,04:125-128.
[13]张艳霞,丁艳锋,王强盛,等.氮素穗肥对不同品种稻米品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,06:1080-1085.
[14]贺阳冬,马均,魏万蓉.不同肥料种类对水稻强化栽培产量及稻米品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,06:177-181.
[15]邓中华,明日,李小坤,等.不同密度和氮肥用量对水稻产量、构成因子及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤,2015,01:20-25.
[16]刘胜环.基蘖氮肥用量对水稻群体质量影响及氮肥高效利用机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[17]Mohamed A.Jalloh.氮肥种类对水稻生长发育和稻谷产量及品质的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[18]凌德,李婷,王火焰,等.施用方式和氮肥种类对水稻土中氮素迁移的影响效应[J].土壤,2015,03:478-482.
[19]Peng S B,Buresh R J,Huang J L,et al.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China[J].Field Crops Res,2006,96(1):37-47.
[20]吴志丹.杂交水稻各生育阶段氮肥分配比例的研究[J].福建农业科技,2008,04:53-54.
[21]陈爱忠,潘晓华,吴建富,等.氮素施用比例对双季超级稻产量和氮素吸收、利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,03:40-44.
[22]戴平安,郑圣先,李学斌,等.穗肥氮施用比例对两系杂交水稻氮素吸收、籽粒氨基酸含量和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2006,01:79-83.
[23]黄铁平.湖南农业可持续发展中的肥料问题[J].农业现代化研究,2014,05:578-582.
[24]Cabangon R J,Tuong T P,Castillo E G,et al.Effect of irrigation method and N-fertilizer management on riceyield,water productivity and nutrient-use efficiencies in typical lowland rice conditions in China[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2004,2(4):1611-2490.
[25]张耀鸿,张亚丽,黄启为,等.不同氮肥水平下水稻产量以及氮素吸收、利用的基因型差异比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,05:616-621.
[26]Huang J L,He F,Cui K H,et al.Determination of optimal nitrogen rate for rice varieties using a chlorophyll meter[J].Field Crops Res.,2008,105:70-80.