公路隧道不同坡度疏散通道烟气运动模拟
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摘要
运用FDS软件,基于大涡模拟对隧道内疏散通道的烟气特性,以及疏散通道坡度对烟气蔓延产生的影响进行数值模拟。在总结前人的隧道火灾烟气特性研究成果的基础上,分析火灾时疏散通道内烟气蔓延、纵向温度场分布以及拱顶温度变化规律。结果表明:在自然通风情况下,坡度越大,对疏散通道内烟气蔓延的影响越大;坡度在0～5%范围内存在一个临界值,临界值以上烟气温度衰减沿疏散通道方向随坡度增大而加快;临界值以下烟气温度衰减随坡度增大而减慢。研究结论将有助于隧道防排烟工程的设计和管理。
Using FDS, and based on large eddy simulation, smoke properties of evacuation route in tunnel, and the influence of evacuation route slope on smoke spreading were studied. Based on the results of previous studies on the smoke properties of the tunnel fire,the spread of smoke, the distribution of temperature lengthways and the change of arch temperature in evacuation route during the fire were analyzed. The results showed that under natural ventilation conditions, the bigger the slope, the greater the influence on the smoke spread in the evacuation route; there is a critical value in the range of 0 to 5% of the slope, and the attenuation of smoke temperature above the critical value is accelerated along the direction of the evacuation channel as the gradient increases; the attenuation of smoke temperature below the critical value decreases as the gradient increases. All conclusions contribute to the design and management of smoke control projects in tunnel.
Using FDS, and based on large eddy simulation, smoke properties of evacuation route in tunnel, and the influence of evacuation route slope on smoke spreading were studied. Based on the results of previous studies on the smoke properties of the tunnel fire,the spread of smoke, the distribution of temperature lengthways and the change of arch temperature in evacuation route during the fire were analyzed. The results showed that under natural ventilation conditions, the bigger the slope, the greater the influence on the smoke spread in the evacuation route; there is a critical value in the range of 0 to 5% of the slope, and the attenuation of smoke temperature above the critical value is accelerated along the direction of the evacuation channel as the gradient increases; the attenuation of smoke temperature below the critical value decreases as the gradient increases. All conclusions contribute to the design and management of smoke control projects in tunnel.
引文
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[2]VUILLEUMIER F,WEATHERILL A,CRAUSAZ B.Safety aspects of railway and road tunnel:example of the L?tschberg railway tunnel and Mont-Blanc road tunnel[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,2002,17(2):153-158.
[3]倪照鹏,陈海云.国内外隧道防火技术现状及发展趋势[J].交通世界,2003,(Z1):28-31.
[4]ATKINSON G T,WU Y.Smoke control in sloping tunnels[J].Fire Safety Journal,1996,27(4):335-341.
[5]KURIOKA H,OKA Y,SATOH H,et al.Fire properties in near field of square fire source with longitudinal ventilation in tunnels[J].Fire Safety Journal,2003,38:319-340.
[6]胡隆华,霍然,王浩波,等.公路隧道内火灾烟气温度及层化高度分布特征试验[J].中国公路学报,2006,(6):79-82.
[7]赵望达,李洪.坡度对隧道火灾影响的数值模拟研究[J].消防科学与技术,2009,28(2):83-86.
[8]MCGRATTAN K,HOSTIKKA S,MCDERMOTT R,et al.Fire Dynamics Simulator user's guide[M].Gaithersburg:Nist Special Publication,2013.
[9]PLETCHER R H,TANNEHILL J C,ANDERSON D.Computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer,third edition[M].Boca Raton:Crc Press,2012.
[10]SMAGORINSKY J S.SMAGORINSKY J.General circulation experiments with the primitive equations.monthly weather review 91,99-165[J].Monthly Weather Review,1963,91(3):99-164.
[11]胡隆华.隧道火灾烟气蔓延的热物理特性研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2006.
[12]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[13]张会冰.不同壁面边界条件对隧道火灾模拟结果的影响[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[14]TUNNELS P T C R.Fire and smoke control in road tunnels[J].1999.