柴达木盆地小柴旦地区构造演化对烃源岩热演化的控制作用
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摘要
柴达木盆地小柴旦地区是发育在元古界结晶基底上的中新生代叠合盆地,构造上具有南北分带的特征,形成6个典型的构造单元。中生代以来受燕山运动和喜山运动改造,形成两期区域不整合,不整合界面相互叠置,多期改造,且剥蚀作用涉及地层层系多、范围广。在主要不整合界面地层剥蚀量恢复基础上开展了骨干剖面构造演化研究,针对研究区具体情况采用针对性参数,系统开展了不同构造带中下侏罗统烃源岩埋藏史和热演化史分析。结果显示,不同构造带形成时期与四个演化阶段的沉降抬升幅度具有一定差异,构造演化的差异性也导致了中下侏罗统烃源岩在地质历史时期埋藏过程的差异性。区内烃源岩热演化可总结为山前推覆深埋型、持续埋深成熟型、抬升成熟型和抬升低熟型等四种类型。不同构造带烃源岩热演化的差异性也导致了研究区目前的油气发现主要集中于山前带及其周缘,但凹陷内也具备低熟油形成的条件。
Xiaochaidan Area in Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin which develops on Proterozoic crystalline basement,the structure is characterized by belts in S-N,six typical structural units are formed. Since the Mesozoic,the formations are rebuilt by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement,two regional unconformities are formed,the unconformity surfaces overlap each other and are reformed in multiple periods,the erosion involves many formations and a wide range. Main section tectonic evolution was studied based on the erosion thickness restoration of the main unconformity surfaces. According to the specific conditions of study area,the burial history and thermal evolution history of middle-lower Jurassic source rocks in different tectonic belts are analyzed systematically by using appropriate parameters,the results show that the formation periods of different tectonic belts and the subsidence and uplift range of the four evolution stage are both different,the differences of tectonic evolution results in the differences of Jurassic source rock burial processes in geological history. Comparison analysis indicate that the source rock thermal evolution in the study area can be summarized in four types: piedmont napping buried deeply type,buried continuously mature type,uplift mature type,uplift low maturation type.The difference of source rock thermal evolution in different tectonic belts also leads to the fact that the present hydrocarbon discoveries in the study area are mainly concentrated on the piedmont belts and their periphery area,but the depression also possess the condition of forming the low mature oil.
Xiaochaidan Area in Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin which develops on Proterozoic crystalline basement,the structure is characterized by belts in S-N,six typical structural units are formed. Since the Mesozoic,the formations are rebuilt by Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement,two regional unconformities are formed,the unconformity surfaces overlap each other and are reformed in multiple periods,the erosion involves many formations and a wide range. Main section tectonic evolution was studied based on the erosion thickness restoration of the main unconformity surfaces. According to the specific conditions of study area,the burial history and thermal evolution history of middle-lower Jurassic source rocks in different tectonic belts are analyzed systematically by using appropriate parameters,the results show that the formation periods of different tectonic belts and the subsidence and uplift range of the four evolution stage are both different,the differences of tectonic evolution results in the differences of Jurassic source rock burial processes in geological history. Comparison analysis indicate that the source rock thermal evolution in the study area can be summarized in four types: piedmont napping buried deeply type,buried continuously mature type,uplift mature type,uplift low maturation type.The difference of source rock thermal evolution in different tectonic belts also leads to the fact that the present hydrocarbon discoveries in the study area are mainly concentrated on the piedmont belts and their periphery area,but the depression also possess the condition of forming the low mature oil.
引文
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25 Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570
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2李宗星,邱楠生,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地东部古生代以来构造-热演化.地学前缘,2017,24(3):157-167Li Zongxing,Qiu Nansheng,Ma Yinsheng,et al.The tectono-thermal evolution in the eastern Qaidam Basin,Northwest China since the Paleozoic[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):157-167
3王大华,王金铎,肖永军,等.柴北缘大柴旦地区山前带构造建模及演化研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):1-10Wang Dahua,Wang Jinduo,Xiao Yongjun,et al.Structure modeling and evolution of piedmont zone in Dachaidan Area,north margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers.2016,23(5):1-10
4李军亮,肖永军,王大华,等.柴达木盆地东部侏罗纪原型盆地恢复[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):11-22Li Junliang,Xiao Yongjun,Wang Dahua,et al.Jurassic prototype basin reconstruction in east part of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):11-22
5 Xia W,Zhang N,Yuan X Y,et al.Cenozoic Qaidam Basin,China:a stronger tectonic inversed,extensional rifted basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,35(4):715-736
6肖安成,陈志勇,杨树锋,等.柴达木盆地北缘晚白垩世古构造活动的特征研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):451-457Xiao Ancheng,Chen Zhiyong,Yang Shufeng,et al.The study of late Cretaceous paleostructural characteristics in northern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):451-457
7颜小宁.柴达木盆地胜利区块中下侏罗统烃源岩控制因素与发育特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(3):36-38Yan Xiaoning.Study on control factors and development fetures of middle-lower Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks,Shengli Area,Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(3):36-38
8刘洛夫.柴达木盆地东部地区烃源岩的生源与沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):82-91Liu Luofu.Sedumentary enviroments of source rocks in the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2001,3(2):82-91
9于会娟,妥进才,刘洛夫,等.柴达木盆地东部地区侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):132-137Yu Huijuan,Tuo Jincai,Liu Luofu,et al.Geochemical characteristics and evaluation on hydrocarbon generation potentials of source rocks in Jurassic Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologic Sinica,2000,18(1):132-137
10林武,刘汝强,周丽,等.柴北缘东段中侏罗统烃源岩地球化学特征及评价[J].内蒙古石油化工,2012,2012(6):22-23Lin Wu,Liu Ruqiang,Zhou Li,et al.Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation capability of the Middle Jurassic hydrocarbon source rock on the estern part of the northern edge of Qaidam Basin[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2012,2012(6):22-23
11方朝刚,李凤杰,孟立娜,等.柴达木盆地北缘红山断陷中侏罗统烃源岩评价[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(5):856-861Fang Chaogang,Li Fengjie,Meng Lina,et al.Evaluation of Middle Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks in Hongshan Sag,Northern Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2012,23(5):856-861
12徐文,包建平,刘婷,等.柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区下侏罗统烃源岩评价[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(5):707-712Xu Wen,Bao Jianping,Liu Ting,et al.Evaluation on hydrocarbon source rock of lower Jurassic,Lenghu Area,Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2008,19(5):707-712
13曹建,边立曾,刘云田,等.柴达木盆地北缘中、下侏罗统烃源岩生烃潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):21-24Cao Jian,Bian Lizeng,Liu Yuntian,et al.Hydrocarbon generative potentials of middle and lower Jurassic source rocks in northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):21-24
14王永卓,徐景祯.柴北缘中、下侏罗统生、排烃史模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):49-53Wang Yongzhuo,Xu Jingzhen.The simulation of hydrocarbon-generating and hydrocarbon-expulsing histories in the middle and lower Jurassic of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):49-53
15黄捍东,罗群,王春英,等.柴北缘西部中生界剥蚀厚度恢复及其地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):44-48Huang Handong,Luo Qun,Wang Chunying,et al.Mesozoic group denudation recover and its petroleum geologic significations in the west Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):44-48
16代昆,刘成林,肖敦清,等.柴达木盆地欧龙布鲁克地区构造演化研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):33-44Dai Kun,Liu Chenglin,Xiao Dunqing,et al.The tectonic deformation and evolution of the Olongbluke Area in Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):33-44
17肖安成,陈志勇,杨树锋,等.柴达木盆地北缘晚白垩世古构造活动的特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):451-457Xiao Ancheng,Chen Zhiyong,Yang Shufeng,et al.The study of late Cretaceous Paleostructural characteristics in northern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):451-457
18邱楠生,顾先觉,丁丽华,等.柴达木盆地西部新生代的构造-热演化研究[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):456-464Qiu Nansheng,Gu Xianjue,Ding Lihua,et al.Tectono-thermal evolution of western Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2000,35(4):456-464
19邱楠生.柴达木盆地现代大地热流和深部地温特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(4):412-414Qiu Nansheng.Research on heat flow and temperature distribution of the Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2001,30(4):412-414
20沈显杰,李国桦,汪缉安,等.青海柴达木盆地大地热流测量与统计热流计算[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):56-64Shen Xianjie,Li Guohua,Wang Ji'an,et al.Terrestral heat flow measurement and calculation of statistical heat flow in Caidam Basin[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1994,37(1):56-64
21李宗星,高俊,郑策,等.柴达木盆地现今大地热流与晚古生代以来构造-热演化[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(10):3687-3705Li Zongxing,Gao Jun,Zheng Ce,et al.Present-day heat flow and tectonic-thermal evolution since the late Paleozoic time of the Qaidam Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(10):3687-3705
22 Burnham A K,Sweeney J J.A chemical kinetic model of vitrinite maturation and reflectance[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53(10):2649-2657
23邱楠生.沉积盆地热历史恢复方法及其在油气勘探中的应用[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):45-51Qiu Nansheng.Methods of thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins and their application in oil and gas exploration[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):45-51
24邱楠生.中国西部地区沉积盆地热演化和成烃史分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):6-8Qiu Nansheng.Thermal evaluation and hydrocarbon generation history of the sedimentary basins in western China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):6-8
25 Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570
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