岷江野牛沟泥石流形成机制及堵河分析
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摘要
通过现场调查,对野牛沟泥石流形成条件、灾害特征、启动机理进行分析,并研究未来堵河可能性以及发展趋势。结果表明:野牛沟在"五一二"汶川地震后演化为一条泥石流沟,具有持久性、阵发性、支沟群发等特点,野牛沟泥石流的启动是因为"消防水管效应",水流快速集中为沟道径流,强烈冲击沟道物源,导致泥石流的形成,形成过程分为冲击启动—流通加速、溃决—泥石流堆积三个阶段,在暴雨频率为1%(及以上)时爆发泥石流可能堵塞岷江。
The Yeniu gully in Wenchuan country outbreaked a debris flow on July 3,2011. It blocked the 2 /3 of channel Minjiang River,causing huge economic losses. This paper analyzed the formation conditions,disaster characteristic and the formation mechanism according to the field investigation.This paper also studied the possibility of blocking the river and the trend of development. The results show that the Yeniu gully changed into a debris flow after the 5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake. The characteristics of it are persistence,paroxysm and group occurrence. The initiated process can be summarized "fire- pipe effect". The overland flow of water concentrated into steep channels runoff and sources from gully- bed loose deposits. The forming process can be divided into three stages: shock starting phase,acceleration crevasse phase and accumulation phase. It can cause river blocking when the debris flow is excited by P = 1% and above.
The Yeniu gully in Wenchuan country outbreaked a debris flow on July 3,2011. It blocked the 2 /3 of channel Minjiang River,causing huge economic losses. This paper analyzed the formation conditions,disaster characteristic and the formation mechanism according to the field investigation.This paper also studied the possibility of blocking the river and the trend of development. The results show that the Yeniu gully changed into a debris flow after the 5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake. The characteristics of it are persistence,paroxysm and group occurrence. The initiated process can be summarized "fire- pipe effect". The overland flow of water concentrated into steep channels runoff and sources from gully- bed loose deposits. The forming process can be divided into three stages: shock starting phase,acceleration crevasse phase and accumulation phase. It can cause river blocking when the debris flow is excited by P = 1% and above.
引文
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[13]张金山,谢洪.岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4):651-655.
[14]崔鹏,庄建琦,陈兴长,等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):10-19.
[2]徐永年,匡尚富,黄永键,等.泥石流入汇的危险性判别指标[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(3):33-38.
[3]陈德明,王兆印,何耘.泥石流入汇对河流影响的实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2002(3):22-28.
[4]谭万沛,韩庆玉.四川省泥石流预报的区域临界雨量指标研究[J].灾害学,1992,7(2):37-42.
[5]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[6]LIU C W,HUANG H F,Dong J J.Impacts of September21,1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gullytype debris flows in central Taiwan[J].Natural Hazards,2008,47(3):349-368.
[7]乔建平,黄栋,杨宗佶,等.汶川地震极震区泥石流物源动储量统计方法讨论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(2):1-6.
[8]孙瑜,李宏俊,蔡鹏.四川省大瑞乡泥石流灾害特征及减灾对策[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2015,32(1):74-78.
[9]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流成灾机理与特征[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):262-270.
[10]许强.四川省8.13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):610-621.
[11]李泳,胡凯衡,苏凤环,等.流域演化与泥石流的系统性—以云南东川蒋家沟为例[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):449-456.
[12]郭志学,曹叔尤,刘兴年,等.泥石流堵江影响因素试验研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(11):39-45.
[13]张金山,谢洪.岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(4):651-655.
[14]崔鹏,庄建琦,陈兴长,等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):10-19.