公共政策制定中的时间研究——以S市“小汽车限购”政策为例
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摘要
时间是政策制定中一个普遍且重要的要素。探究时间的意义和决策者把握时间要素的条件及影响有助于更深入地理解政策制定。现有研究大多数建立在西方国家或欧盟这些考察对象之上,中国语境的分析相对不足。文章将时间策略作为分析视角,剖析了S市小汽车限购政策制定过程。研究发现,时间作为一种手段被地方政府用于平衡政策回应性和责任性之间的冲突。时间策略的选择取决于政府公信力和政策有效性的激励力量。一旦忽视或错误地运用时间,将可能导致某项政策的绩效与合法性面临困境。公共政策和公共管理应该认真对待时间。
Time is a common and important element in policy making. Exploring the meaning of time and the conditions and influence of decision makers' grasping of time elements can help understanding policy making deeply. The existing researches are mainly based on Western countries or EU,not on China. Decision-makers' time-related policy actions have become the main proposition for people to question"Car Control"policy. This essay analyzes S city's"Car Control"policy making process on the perspective of time strategies,and finds out: the government takes time strategy to balance the conflict between policy responsiveness and accountability. The choice of time strategy depends on the incentives from government credibility and policy effectiveness. Once time is ignored or misused,it may lead a certain policy to performance or legitimacy difficulties. Public policy and public management should take time seriously.
Time is a common and important element in policy making. Exploring the meaning of time and the conditions and influence of decision makers' grasping of time elements can help understanding policy making deeply. The existing researches are mainly based on Western countries or EU,not on China. Decision-makers' time-related policy actions have become the main proposition for people to question"Car Control"policy. This essay analyzes S city's"Car Control"policy making process on the perspective of time strategies,and finds out: the government takes time strategy to balance the conflict between policy responsiveness and accountability. The choice of time strategy depends on the incentives from government credibility and policy effectiveness. Once time is ignored or misused,it may lead a certain policy to performance or legitimacy difficulties. Public policy and public management should take time seriously.
引文
[1]周晓中.公共政策的“时间”问题[J].中共中央党校学报,2012,16(2):70-74.
[2]堵琴囡,唐贤兴.找回时间:一项新的公共政策研究议程[J].公共行政评论,2016,9(2):155-181.
[3]Meyer-Sahling&Jan-Hinrik.Time and European Governance:An Inventory[C].Canada:The Biennial Conference of the European Studies Association,2007.
[4]Schmitter,P.&Santiso,J.Three temporal dimensions of the consolidation of democracy[J].International Political Science Review,1998,19(1):69-92.
[5]Pollitt,C.Time,Policy and Management[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2008.
[6]唐贤兴,堵琴囡.时间中的公共政策制定:一个概念化的分析框架[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),2015,57(6):138-148.
[7][美]詹姆斯·E·安德森.公共政策制定[M].谢明译,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[8][美]H·乔治·弗雷德里克森.新公共行政[M].丁煌,方兴译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011.
[9]Goetz,K.H.A question of time:responsive and responsible democratic politics[J].West European Politics,2014,37(2):379-399.
[10]Goetz,K.H.How does the EU Tick?Five propositions on political time[J].Journal of European Public Policy,2009,16(2):202-220.
[11][美]约翰.W.金登.议程、备选方案与公共政策[M].丁煌,方兴译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[12]Cole,A.A strange affair:the 2002 presidential and parliamentary elections in France[J].Government and Opposition,2002,37(3):317-342.
[13]Koehler,G.Time,complex systems and public policy:a theoretical foundation for adaptive policy making[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,Psychology and Life Sciences,2003,7(1):99-114.
[14]Mittenzwei,K.Bullock,D.S.&Salhofer,K.Towards a theory of policy timing[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2012,56(4):583-596.
[15]陈晓枫,余超.论中国式汽车限购的合法化治理[J].江苏行政学院学报,2015,83(5):113-119.
[2]堵琴囡,唐贤兴.找回时间:一项新的公共政策研究议程[J].公共行政评论,2016,9(2):155-181.
[3]Meyer-Sahling&Jan-Hinrik.Time and European Governance:An Inventory[C].Canada:The Biennial Conference of the European Studies Association,2007.
[4]Schmitter,P.&Santiso,J.Three temporal dimensions of the consolidation of democracy[J].International Political Science Review,1998,19(1):69-92.
[5]Pollitt,C.Time,Policy and Management[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2008.
[6]唐贤兴,堵琴囡.时间中的公共政策制定:一个概念化的分析框架[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),2015,57(6):138-148.
[7][美]詹姆斯·E·安德森.公共政策制定[M].谢明译,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[8][美]H·乔治·弗雷德里克森.新公共行政[M].丁煌,方兴译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011.
[9]Goetz,K.H.A question of time:responsive and responsible democratic politics[J].West European Politics,2014,37(2):379-399.
[10]Goetz,K.H.How does the EU Tick?Five propositions on political time[J].Journal of European Public Policy,2009,16(2):202-220.
[11][美]约翰.W.金登.议程、备选方案与公共政策[M].丁煌,方兴译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[12]Cole,A.A strange affair:the 2002 presidential and parliamentary elections in France[J].Government and Opposition,2002,37(3):317-342.
[13]Koehler,G.Time,complex systems and public policy:a theoretical foundation for adaptive policy making[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,Psychology and Life Sciences,2003,7(1):99-114.
[14]Mittenzwei,K.Bullock,D.S.&Salhofer,K.Towards a theory of policy timing[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2012,56(4):583-596.
[15]陈晓枫,余超.论中国式汽车限购的合法化治理[J].江苏行政学院学报,2015,83(5):113-119.