不同地下水位下渠基冻胀规律与保温板适宜厚度确定
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摘要
为探明河套灌区不同地下水位条件下渠基冻胀的差异,了解地下水位变化对渠基土壤水分迁移和力学性能的影响,该文通过建立不同地下水位冻胀试验平台并结合原型渠道,分析了不同地下水位对铺设不同厚度聚苯板的基土冻胀的影响,阐述了冻胀率和截面弯矩沿渠坡的分布规律,提出了不同地下水位下聚苯板适宜铺设厚度的理论计算公式。试验得出,每降低1 cm地下水位,基土冻胀量减小0.15 cm。当地下水位降低0.5~1.0 m后,削减冻胀率为71%~83.8%。地下水位下降有效阻止或延缓了土壤毛细水的上升,降低了0~30 cm土层的土壤水分,有效阻止了冻结锋面水分的迁移,减小了土体中冰夹层的形成,从而降低了土体的冻胀变形。并且,渠道的冻胀破坏部位随着地下水位的不同而发生变化。该研究可为北方季节性冻土区骨干渠道保温防冻胀技术研究提供科学依据和技术支撑。
In order to find out the difference of canal foundation frost heave in Hetao irrigation area under different underground water levels,and to understand the influence of the changes of groundwater level on soil moisture transfer and mechanical properties of canal foundation,the test was carried out by setting up a test platform for frost heave under different underground water levels.And combined with the prototype channel,the effect of different groundwater levels on frost heave of foundation soil covered with different thickness of polystyrene board was analyzed,the distribution law of frost heave rate and section bending moment along channel slope was described,and a theoretical formula for calculating the suitable thickness of polystyrene board at different underground water levels was presented.It is found that the frost heaving of base soil decreases by 0.15 cm when the groundwater level is reduced by 1 cm.When the groundwater level is reduced by 0.5-1.0 m,the frost heave rate is reduced by 71%-83.8%.The decline of groundwater level effectively prevents or delays the increase of capillary water in soil,reduces the soil moisture of 0-30 cm soil layer,effectively prevents the migration of the water of freezing front,reduces the formation of ice interlayer in soil,and reduces the frost heaving deformation of soil.The frost heaving damage parts of the channel change with the change of the groundwater level.Through the analysis of ground temperature monitoring data,this paper puts forward the lowest temperature under the condition of laying 2-10 cm polystyrene board,fits the relation between the thickness of insulation board and the lowest temperature under the board at different underground water levels,and calculates the laying thickness of polystyrene board under different groundwater levels when the negative temperature does not exist under the board,so as to explore a relation between the suitable thickness for polystyrene board laying and groundwater depth.According to the theoretical formula,the variation rule of soil frost heave rate along the slope is proposed.When the groundwater level is lower than the bottom of the canal,the maximum frost heave of canal foundation soil is located at the foot of the slope of the canal,and the frost heave rate along the slope decreases gradually.When the groundwater level is higher than the bottom of the canal,the maximum frost heave of the slope is located at the 1/3 of the lower part of the slope,and the maximum frost heave of the slope is gradually transferred upward with the decrease of groundwater depth.When the groundwater depth is relatively shallow,the channel’s maximum frost heave is located at the middle part of the channel slope.The soil water content in 0-50 cm soil depth decreases under the 2 conditions of actual decrease of groundwater level and ground elevation.And the migration amount increases with the depth.Migration rate difference is 1.75%-4.46%.The results show that the soil water transport has the consistent change rule whether the ground is raised or the groundwater level drops.This study can provide scientific basis and technical support for the research of thermal insulation and anti-expansion technology in the northern seasonal frozen soil area.
In order to find out the difference of canal foundation frost heave in Hetao irrigation area under different underground water levels,and to understand the influence of the changes of groundwater level on soil moisture transfer and mechanical properties of canal foundation,the test was carried out by setting up a test platform for frost heave under different underground water levels.And combined with the prototype channel,the effect of different groundwater levels on frost heave of foundation soil covered with different thickness of polystyrene board was analyzed,the distribution law of frost heave rate and section bending moment along channel slope was described,and a theoretical formula for calculating the suitable thickness of polystyrene board at different underground water levels was presented.It is found that the frost heaving of base soil decreases by 0.15 cm when the groundwater level is reduced by 1 cm.When the groundwater level is reduced by 0.5-1.0 m,the frost heave rate is reduced by 71%-83.8%.The decline of groundwater level effectively prevents or delays the increase of capillary water in soil,reduces the soil moisture of 0-30 cm soil layer,effectively prevents the migration of the water of freezing front,reduces the formation of ice interlayer in soil,and reduces the frost heaving deformation of soil.The frost heaving damage parts of the channel change with the change of the groundwater level.Through the analysis of ground temperature monitoring data,this paper puts forward the lowest temperature under the condition of laying 2-10 cm polystyrene board,fits the relation between the thickness of insulation board and the lowest temperature under the board at different underground water levels,and calculates the laying thickness of polystyrene board under different groundwater levels when the negative temperature does not exist under the board,so as to explore a relation between the suitable thickness for polystyrene board laying and groundwater depth.According to the theoretical formula,the variation rule of soil frost heave rate along the slope is proposed.When the groundwater level is lower than the bottom of the canal,the maximum frost heave of canal foundation soil is located at the foot of the slope of the canal,and the frost heave rate along the slope decreases gradually.When the groundwater level is higher than the bottom of the canal,the maximum frost heave of the slope is located at the 1/3 of the lower part of the slope,and the maximum frost heave of the slope is gradually transferred upward with the decrease of groundwater depth.When the groundwater depth is relatively shallow,the channel’s maximum frost heave is located at the middle part of the channel slope.The soil water content in 0-50 cm soil depth decreases under the 2 conditions of actual decrease of groundwater level and ground elevation.And the migration amount increases with the depth.Migration rate difference is 1.75%-4.46%.The results show that the soil water transport has the consistent change rule whether the ground is raised or the groundwater level drops.This study can provide scientific basis and technical support for the research of thermal insulation and anti-expansion technology in the northern seasonal frozen soil area.
引文
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[2]王婧.汾河灌区现浇混凝土渠道衬砌冻胀试验研究[J].山西水利,2010(1):53-54.Wang Jing.The experimental study on frost heave lining of cast-in-place concrete channel in Fenhe irrigation area[J].shanxi water resources,2010,(1):53-54.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[4]王正中.梯形渠道砼衬砌冻胀破坏的力学模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):24-29.Wang Zhengzhong.Establishment and application of mechanics models of frost heaving damage of concrete lining trapezoidal open canal[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2004,20(3):24-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王正中.刚性衬砌渠道不同纵缝削减冻胀效果的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):1-7.Wang Zhengzhong.Computer simulation of frost heave for concrete lining canal with different longitudinal joints[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(11):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]肖旻,王正中,刘铨鸿,等.考虑地下水位影响的现浇混凝土梯形渠道冻胀破坏力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):91-97.Xiao Min,Wang Zhengzhong,Liu Quanhong,et al.Mechanical analysis on frost heave damage of cast-in-place concrete trapezoidal canal considering influence of groundwater table[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(11):91-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]卞晓琳,何平,施烨辉.土体冻胀与地下水关系的研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2007(4):24-27.Bian Xiaolin,He Ping,Shi Yehui.Research progress on the relationship between soil freezing and groundwater[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2007(4):24-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘志斌,刘建军.苯板在渠道防冻胀中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,2012,7:142-144.Liu Zhibin,Liu Jianjun.The applicaton of benzene plate in channel expanding[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2012,7:142-144.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]安鹏,邢义川,张爱军.基于部分保温法的渠道保温板厚度计算与数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):54-62.An Peng,Xing Yichuan,Zhang Aijun.Thickness calculation and numerical simulation of insulation board for canal using partial insulation method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE).2013,29(17):54-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]李书民,李振卿,王建伟.南水北调工程防冻胀保温层厚度计算方法讨论[J].河北水利水电技术,2000(3):53-55.Li Shumin,Li Zhenqing,Wang Jianwei.Discussion on the calculation method of the thickness of the antifreeze extension and temperature retention layer in the South-toNorth water diversion project[J].Hebei Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,2000(3):53-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]郭瑞,王正中,牛永红,等.基于TCR传热原理的混凝土复合保温衬砌渠道防冻胀效果研究[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):101-106.Guo Rui,Wang Zhengzhong,Niu Yonghong,et al.Anti-frost heave effect of lining channel with concrete composite insulation based on TCR principle[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(20):101-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]李亚童,申向东,高矗,等.大型灌区现役衬砌模袋混凝土渠道力学性能检验[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(1):105-108.Li Yatong,Shen Xiangdong,Gao Chu,et al.Testing of channel mechanical properties of active duty lining mold-bag-concrete in large irrigation areas[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2016(1):105-108.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]宋清林,何武全,李根,等.混凝土衬砌渠道保温防冻胀技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(4):43-48.Song Qinglin,He Wuquan,Li Gen,et al.The research on insulation and frost heave control for concrete lining canal[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(4):43-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张茹,王正中,牟声远,等.基于横观各向同性冻土的U形渠道冻胀数值模拟[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(5):773-783.Zhang Ru,Wang Zhengzhong,Mu Shenyuan,et al.Numerical simulation of frost heaving for U canal based on transverse isotropy[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(5):773-783.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李寿宁.苯板在防渗渠道防冻中的试验和应用[J].塔里木大学学报,2005,17(1):53-55.Li Shouning.Experiments and application of EPS planks to freeze proof and leak proof irrigation ditch[J].Journal of Tarim University,2005,17(1):53-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]武慧芳,王红雨,陆立国.宁夏灌区渠道苯板防冻胀效果及合理厚度研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(6):149-153.Wu Huifang,Wang Hongyu,Lu Liguo.Study on anti-frost effect and laying thickness of EPS board lining channels in mingxia irrigation area[J].Yellow River,2016,38(6):149-153.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]刘雄,宁建国,马巍.冻土地区水渠的温度场和应力场数值分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):932-938.Liu Xiong,Ning Jianguo,Ma Wei.Numerical analyses of the temperature and stress fields of channel in frozen soil regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(6):932-938.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]张文智.聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板在渠道防冻胀中的应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2003,1(2):56-58.Zhang Wenzhi.Application of polystyrene foam plastic slabs in frost heaving prevention of canal[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2003,1(2):56-58.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]武慧芳.宁夏引黄灌区骨干渠道EPS保温板厚度优选试验及数值模拟研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2012.Wu Huifang.Optimization Test and Numerical Simulation Study on the Thickness of EPS Thermoinsulation Plate in Main Channel of Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia[D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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