全波形反演在缝洞型储层速度建模中的应用
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摘要
速度是地震偏移成像准确与否的关键所在.全波形反演综合利用地震波场运动学和动力学信息,能够得到相比传统速度建模方法更高频的成分.全波形反演的理论比较成熟,但实际应用成功的例子相对较少,特别是对于陆上地震资料.塔里木盆地地震地质条件复杂,为了实现缝洞型储层的准确成像,本文开展了针对目标靶区的全波形反演精细速度建场研究.采用一种时间域分层多尺度全波形反演流程:首先通过层析成像建立初始速度模型;其次利用折射波反演浅层速度模型;最后利用反射波反演中深层速度模型.偏移成像结果表明基于全波形反演的速度建模技术能有效改善火成岩下伏构造的成像精度,显示了全波形反演在常规陆上采集资料的应用潜力.
Velocity is the key to pre-stack depth migration.Carbonate reservoir in Halahatang region of Tarim basin is buried deeply(deeper than 5500m)and has strong heterogeneity.Multiperiod igneous rock with uneven thickness and different velocity in Permian had developed overlying target formation.Velocity modeling based on tomography is difficult to obtain accurate velocity field.In this paper,we carry out full waveform inversion(FWI)method to improve imaging accuracy of the fractured-vuggy reservoir.By detailed analysis of FWI theory and its application challenges for land seismic data,taking into account of the actual situation of seismic data in YM area,we propose special strategies for successful application of FWI in this area:(1)Joint denoising technology based on surface wave modeling and curvelet transform is used in preprocessing stage to retain low frequency effective signal as far as possible,the five-dimensional regularization method is also used;(2)we utilizethe high frequency component of static correction to eliminate the high frequency of near-surface velocity model and then use first arrival and reflected wave tomography to build a more accurate initial velocity model;(3)With the initial velocity model provided by traveltime tomography,the hierarchical multi-scale FWI method in time domain is applied.We utilize refraction waveform information to invert for shallow velocity while reflection waveform for deep velocity model.The actual data processing result shows that the joint denoising technology based on surface wave modeling and curvelet transform can protect low frequency information more effectively,maintaining the dynamics and kinematics information and meeting the basic requirement of FWI method.The initial velocity model provided by tomography can satisfy the accuracy of FWI.The hierarchical multi-scale FWI in time domain can characterize the velocity of igneous rock with high accuracy.The result of pre-stack depth migration indicates that the imaging of target formation under the igneous rock is improved obviously,eliminating the "fault"phenomenon caused by rough velocity model,and the imaging of fractured-cavernous reservoir is better.Although FWI is a high-precision velocity modeling technology with perfect theory,its application for land seismic data is still a challenge.The accuracy of initial velocity model and useful low frequency seismic information are keys to affect its result. We believe that the productive application of FWI for land seismic data will be developed gradually with the development of acquisition and processing technology.
Velocity is the key to pre-stack depth migration.Carbonate reservoir in Halahatang region of Tarim basin is buried deeply(deeper than 5500m)and has strong heterogeneity.Multiperiod igneous rock with uneven thickness and different velocity in Permian had developed overlying target formation.Velocity modeling based on tomography is difficult to obtain accurate velocity field.In this paper,we carry out full waveform inversion(FWI)method to improve imaging accuracy of the fractured-vuggy reservoir.By detailed analysis of FWI theory and its application challenges for land seismic data,taking into account of the actual situation of seismic data in YM area,we propose special strategies for successful application of FWI in this area:(1)Joint denoising technology based on surface wave modeling and curvelet transform is used in preprocessing stage to retain low frequency effective signal as far as possible,the five-dimensional regularization method is also used;(2)we utilizethe high frequency component of static correction to eliminate the high frequency of near-surface velocity model and then use first arrival and reflected wave tomography to build a more accurate initial velocity model;(3)With the initial velocity model provided by traveltime tomography,the hierarchical multi-scale FWI method in time domain is applied.We utilize refraction waveform information to invert for shallow velocity while reflection waveform for deep velocity model.The actual data processing result shows that the joint denoising technology based on surface wave modeling and curvelet transform can protect low frequency information more effectively,maintaining the dynamics and kinematics information and meeting the basic requirement of FWI method.The initial velocity model provided by tomography can satisfy the accuracy of FWI.The hierarchical multi-scale FWI in time domain can characterize the velocity of igneous rock with high accuracy.The result of pre-stack depth migration indicates that the imaging of target formation under the igneous rock is improved obviously,eliminating the "fault"phenomenon caused by rough velocity model,and the imaging of fractured-cavernous reservoir is better.Although FWI is a high-precision velocity modeling technology with perfect theory,its application for land seismic data is still a challenge.The accuracy of initial velocity model and useful low frequency seismic information are keys to affect its result. We believe that the productive application of FWI for land seismic data will be developed gradually with the development of acquisition and processing technology.
引文
Bunks C,Saleck F M,Zaleski S,et al.1995.Multiscale seismic waveform inversion.Geophysics,60(5):1457-1473.
Cao S H,Chen J B.2014.Studies on complex frequencies in frequency domain full waveform inversion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(7):2302-2313,doi:10.6038/cjg20140724.
Danecek P,Seriani G.2008.An efficient parallel Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method for large scale 3D seismic forward modelling.∥70th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
Dong L Q,Li Z C,Wang D Y,et al.2011.Ground-roll suppression based on the second generation Curvelet transform.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),46(6):897-904.
Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,Sun J W,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
Gauthier O,Virieux J,Tarantola A.1986.Two-dimensional nonlinear inversion of seismic waveform:numerical results.Geophysics,51(7):1387-1403.
Han M.2014.Methods and application of full waveform inversion for abyssal seismic data[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Hollander Y,Kosloff D,Koren Z,et al.2012.Seismic data interpolation by orthogonal matching pursuit.∥74th EAGEConference&Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
Hu G H,Jia C M,Xia H R,et al.2013.Implementation and validation of 3Dacoustic full waveform inversion.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(4):417-425.
Levander A R.1988.Fourth-order finite-difference P-SVseismogram.Geophysics,53(11):1425-1436.
Liu Y Z,Xie C,Yang J Z.2014.Gaussian beam first-arrival waveform inversion based on Born wavepath.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(9):2900-2909,doi:10.6038/cjg20140915.
Marfurt K J.1984.Accuracy of finite-difference and finite-element modeling of the scalar and elastic wave equations.Geophysics,49(5):533-549.
Mora P.1987.Nonlinear two-dimensional elastic inversion of multioffset seismic data.Geophysics,52(9):1211-1228.
Operto S,Virieux J,Amestoy P,et al.2007.3Dfinite-difference frequency-domain modeling of visco-acoustic wave propagation using a massively parallel direct solver:a feasibility study.Geophysics,72(5):SM195-SM211.
Plessix Ré,Baeten G,de Maag J,et al.2012.Full waveform inversion and distance separated simultaneous sweeping:a study with a land seismic data set.Geophysical Prospecting,60(4):733-747.
Pratt R G,Goulty N R.1991.Combining wave-equation imaging with traveltime tomography to form high-resolution images from crosshole data.Geophysics,56(2):208-224.
Prieux V,Operto S,Brossier R,et al.2010.Application of 2Dacoustic frequency-domain full-waveform inversion to OBCwide-aperture data from the Valhall field.∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,Denver,Colorado:SEG,920-924.
Ratcliffe A,Win C,Vinje V,et al.2011.Full waveform inversion:a North Sea OBS case study.∥Proceedings of the 81st Annual International Meeting.SEG,2384-2388.
Sirgue L,Pratt R G.2004.Efficient waveform inversion and imaging:A strategy for selecting temporal frequencies.Geophysics,69(1):231-248.
Sirgue L,Barkved O I,Dellinger J,et al.2010.Full waveform inversion:the next leap forward in imaging at Valhall.First Break,28(4):65-70.
Song Z M,Williamson P R,Pratt R G.1995.Frequency-domain acoustic-wave modeling and inversion of crosshole data:Part II-Inversion method,synthetic experiments and real-data results.Geophysics,60(3):796-809.
Strobbia C L,Laake A,Vermeer P L,et al.2009.Surface wavesuse them then lose them.∥71th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.Amsterdam,The Newtherlands.
Takougang E M T,Calvert A J.2011.Application of waveform tomography to marine seismic reflection data from the Queen Charlotte Basin of western Canada.Geophysics,76(2):B55-B70.
Tarantola A.1984.Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,49(8):1259-1266.
Tnaer M T,Koehler F.1981.Surface consistent corrections.Geophysics,46(1):12-22.
Vigh D,Kapoor J,Li H Y.2011.Full-waveform inversion application in different geological settings.∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.SEG,2374-2378.
Virieux J.1984.SH-wave propagation in heterogeneous media,velocity-stress finite-difference method.Geophysics,49(11):1933-1942.
Wang W,Han B,Tang J P.2013.Regularization method with sparsity constraints for seismic waveform inversion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):289-297,doi:10.6038/cjg20130130.
Wei Z F,Gao H W,Zhang J F.2014.Time-domain full waveform inversion based on an irregular-grid acoustic modeling method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(2):586-594,doi:10.6038/cjg20140222.
Wu R S.2003.Wave propagation,scattering and imaging using dualdomain one-way and one-return propagators.Pure and Applied Geophysics,160(3-4):509-539.
Yang Q Y,Hu G H,Wang L X.2014.Research status and development trend of full waveform inversion.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(1):77-83.
曹书红,陈景波.2014.频率域全波形反演中关于复频率的研究.地球物理学报,57(7):2302-2313,doi:10.6038/cjg20140724.
董烈乾,李振春,王德营等.2011.第二代Curvelet变换压制面波方法.石油地球物理勘探,46(6):897-904.
符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究.地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
韩淼.2014.深水区地震全波形反演策略与应用[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
胡光辉,贾春梅,夏洪瑞等.2013.三维声波全波形反演的实现与验证.石油物探,52(4):417-425.
刘玉柱,谢春,杨积忠.2014.基于Born波路径的高斯束初至波波形反演.地球物理学报,57(9):2900-2909,doi:10.6038/cjg20140915.
王薇,韩波,唐锦萍.2013.地震波形反演的稀疏约束正则化方法.地球物理学报,56(1):289-297,doi:10.6038/cjg20130130.
魏哲枫,高红伟,张剑锋.2014.基于非规则网格声波正演的时间域全波形反演.地球物理学报,57(2):586-594,doi:10.6038/cjg20140222.
杨勤勇,胡光辉,王立歆.2014.全波形反演研究现状及发展趋势.石油物探,53(1):77-83.
Cao S H,Chen J B.2014.Studies on complex frequencies in frequency domain full waveform inversion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(7):2302-2313,doi:10.6038/cjg20140724.
Danecek P,Seriani G.2008.An efficient parallel Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method for large scale 3D seismic forward modelling.∥70th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
Dong L Q,Li Z C,Wang D Y,et al.2011.Ground-roll suppression based on the second generation Curvelet transform.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),46(6):897-904.
Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,Sun J W,et al.2013.Seismic imaging studies of complex high and steep structures in Kuqa depression.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
Gauthier O,Virieux J,Tarantola A.1986.Two-dimensional nonlinear inversion of seismic waveform:numerical results.Geophysics,51(7):1387-1403.
Han M.2014.Methods and application of full waveform inversion for abyssal seismic data[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Hollander Y,Kosloff D,Koren Z,et al.2012.Seismic data interpolation by orthogonal matching pursuit.∥74th EAGEConference&Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
Hu G H,Jia C M,Xia H R,et al.2013.Implementation and validation of 3Dacoustic full waveform inversion.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(4):417-425.
Levander A R.1988.Fourth-order finite-difference P-SVseismogram.Geophysics,53(11):1425-1436.
Liu Y Z,Xie C,Yang J Z.2014.Gaussian beam first-arrival waveform inversion based on Born wavepath.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(9):2900-2909,doi:10.6038/cjg20140915.
Marfurt K J.1984.Accuracy of finite-difference and finite-element modeling of the scalar and elastic wave equations.Geophysics,49(5):533-549.
Mora P.1987.Nonlinear two-dimensional elastic inversion of multioffset seismic data.Geophysics,52(9):1211-1228.
Operto S,Virieux J,Amestoy P,et al.2007.3Dfinite-difference frequency-domain modeling of visco-acoustic wave propagation using a massively parallel direct solver:a feasibility study.Geophysics,72(5):SM195-SM211.
Plessix Ré,Baeten G,de Maag J,et al.2012.Full waveform inversion and distance separated simultaneous sweeping:a study with a land seismic data set.Geophysical Prospecting,60(4):733-747.
Pratt R G,Goulty N R.1991.Combining wave-equation imaging with traveltime tomography to form high-resolution images from crosshole data.Geophysics,56(2):208-224.
Prieux V,Operto S,Brossier R,et al.2010.Application of 2Dacoustic frequency-domain full-waveform inversion to OBCwide-aperture data from the Valhall field.∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,Denver,Colorado:SEG,920-924.
Ratcliffe A,Win C,Vinje V,et al.2011.Full waveform inversion:a North Sea OBS case study.∥Proceedings of the 81st Annual International Meeting.SEG,2384-2388.
Sirgue L,Pratt R G.2004.Efficient waveform inversion and imaging:A strategy for selecting temporal frequencies.Geophysics,69(1):231-248.
Sirgue L,Barkved O I,Dellinger J,et al.2010.Full waveform inversion:the next leap forward in imaging at Valhall.First Break,28(4):65-70.
Song Z M,Williamson P R,Pratt R G.1995.Frequency-domain acoustic-wave modeling and inversion of crosshole data:Part II-Inversion method,synthetic experiments and real-data results.Geophysics,60(3):796-809.
Strobbia C L,Laake A,Vermeer P L,et al.2009.Surface wavesuse them then lose them.∥71th EAGE Conference&Exhibition.Amsterdam,The Newtherlands.
Takougang E M T,Calvert A J.2011.Application of waveform tomography to marine seismic reflection data from the Queen Charlotte Basin of western Canada.Geophysics,76(2):B55-B70.
Tarantola A.1984.Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,49(8):1259-1266.
Tnaer M T,Koehler F.1981.Surface consistent corrections.Geophysics,46(1):12-22.
Vigh D,Kapoor J,Li H Y.2011.Full-waveform inversion application in different geological settings.∥SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.SEG,2374-2378.
Virieux J.1984.SH-wave propagation in heterogeneous media,velocity-stress finite-difference method.Geophysics,49(11):1933-1942.
Wang W,Han B,Tang J P.2013.Regularization method with sparsity constraints for seismic waveform inversion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):289-297,doi:10.6038/cjg20130130.
Wei Z F,Gao H W,Zhang J F.2014.Time-domain full waveform inversion based on an irregular-grid acoustic modeling method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(2):586-594,doi:10.6038/cjg20140222.
Wu R S.2003.Wave propagation,scattering and imaging using dualdomain one-way and one-return propagators.Pure and Applied Geophysics,160(3-4):509-539.
Yang Q Y,Hu G H,Wang L X.2014.Research status and development trend of full waveform inversion.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(1):77-83.
曹书红,陈景波.2014.频率域全波形反演中关于复频率的研究.地球物理学报,57(7):2302-2313,doi:10.6038/cjg20140724.
董烈乾,李振春,王德营等.2011.第二代Curvelet变换压制面波方法.石油地球物理勘探,46(6):897-904.
符力耘,肖又军,孙伟家等.2013.库车坳陷复杂高陡构造地震成像研究.地球物理学报,56(6):1985-2001,doi:10.6038/cjg20130620.
韩淼.2014.深水区地震全波形反演策略与应用[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
胡光辉,贾春梅,夏洪瑞等.2013.三维声波全波形反演的实现与验证.石油物探,52(4):417-425.
刘玉柱,谢春,杨积忠.2014.基于Born波路径的高斯束初至波波形反演.地球物理学报,57(9):2900-2909,doi:10.6038/cjg20140915.
王薇,韩波,唐锦萍.2013.地震波形反演的稀疏约束正则化方法.地球物理学报,56(1):289-297,doi:10.6038/cjg20130130.
魏哲枫,高红伟,张剑锋.2014.基于非规则网格声波正演的时间域全波形反演.地球物理学报,57(2):586-594,doi:10.6038/cjg20140222.
杨勤勇,胡光辉,王立歆.2014.全波形反演研究现状及发展趋势.石油物探,53(1):77-83.