大型LNG全容储罐珍珠岩在线填充分析与实践
|
摘要
大型LNG全容储罐常采用珍珠岩进行绝热保冷,投用后由于运行时间累积、储罐压力波动、罐内设备启停及卸料过程中引起的震动等,储罐内、外罐间珍珠岩会出现不同程度的不均匀沉降,若不及时处理将影响储罐保冷效果,严重时将损坏储罐内部结构,对生产运营造成较大安全隐患。结合珠海LNG接收站对大型LNG全容储罐珍珠岩在线填充实践,开展珍珠岩填充置换装置、储罐压力控制、珍珠岩填充高度、评估方式等分析研究,探讨LNG全容储罐珍珠岩沉降表象及其在线填充过程控制,总结大型LNG全容储罐珍珠岩在线填充方法和经验,为其它LNG接收站全容储罐开展珍珠岩在线填充提供参考。
Large LNG full tanks are insulated by perlite. The accumulation of running time,the fluctuation of tank pressure,the vibration caused by the start-up and shutdown of equipment in the tank and the unloading process will lead to the uneven subsidence of perlite in varying degrees. If not handled in time,it will affect the cooling effect of the storage tanks and damage the storage tanks seriously. Based on the on-line filling practice of perlite in large LNG tank at Zhuhai LNG receiving station,the perlite filling replacement device,pressure control of storage tank,filling height of perlite,and practical evaluation methods are analyzed and studied. The perlite settlement representation of LNG storage tanks and the control of on-line perlite filling process are discussed. The on-line perlite filling method and experience of large LNG full storage tanks are summarized,which provides reference for carrying out perlite online filling by other LNG receiving stations.
Large LNG full tanks are insulated by perlite. The accumulation of running time,the fluctuation of tank pressure,the vibration caused by the start-up and shutdown of equipment in the tank and the unloading process will lead to the uneven subsidence of perlite in varying degrees. If not handled in time,it will affect the cooling effect of the storage tanks and damage the storage tanks seriously. Based on the on-line filling practice of perlite in large LNG tank at Zhuhai LNG receiving station,the perlite filling replacement device,pressure control of storage tank,filling height of perlite,and practical evaluation methods are analyzed and studied. The perlite settlement representation of LNG storage tanks and the control of on-line perlite filling process are discussed. The on-line perlite filling method and experience of large LNG full storage tanks are summarized,which provides reference for carrying out perlite online filling by other LNG receiving stations.
引文
[1]王冰,陈学东,王国平.大型低温LNG储罐设计与建造技术的新进展[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):108-112.Wang Bing,Chen Xuedong,Wang Guoping.Design of Large Low-temperature LNG Storage Tanks and New Progress in Its Construction Technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(5):108-112.
[2]顾安忠,鲁雪生,汪荣顺.液化天然气技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.Gu Anzhong,Lu Xuesheng,Wang Rongshun.Technology of Liquefied Natural Gas[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2004.
[3]张应武,左绪银.膨胀珍珠岩的真空充填技术与储罐结霜现象的分析[J].特种设备安全技术,2005,(2):24.Zhang Yingwu,Zuo Xuyin.Vacuum Filling Technology of Expanded Perlite and Analysis of Frost Phenomenon in Storage Tank[J].Safty Technology of Special Equipment,2005,(2):24.
[4]孔令海,黎文锋,邓文源,等.LNG接收站储罐冷却过程中蒸发气体的零排放技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):81-85.Kong Linghai,Li Wenfeng,Deng Wenyuan,et al.BOG Zero Emission Technology in the Process of Tank Cooling in LNGTerminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):81-85.
[5]甄洁.LNG储罐膨胀珍珠岩填充技术及施工质量的控制[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):417-421.Zhen Jie.Perlite Expansion&Filling Technology for LNGStorage Tanks and Relevant Quality Control[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):417-421.
[6]殷劲松,马小红,陈叔平.大型LNG储罐关键技术[J].煤气与热力,2011,31(7):13-17.Yin Jinsong,Ma Xiaohong,Chen Shuping.Key Technology of Large LNG Storage Tanks[J].Gas&Heat,2011,31(7):13-17.
[7]袁中立,严伦江.LNG低温储罐的设计及建造技术[J].石油工程建设,2007,33(5):19-23.Yuan Zhongli,Yan Lunjiang.Low Temperature LNG Storage Tank Design and Construction Technology[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2007,33(5):19-23.
[8]吴旭维,吴志星,胡云峰,等.大型LNG低温储罐的干燥与置换[J].煤气与热力,2012,32(7):B 04-B 07.Wu Xuwei,Wu Zhixing,Hu Yunfeng,et al.Drying and Conversion of Large-scale LNG Cryogenic Tank[J].Gas&Heat,2012,32(7):B 04-B 07.
[9]叶忠志.LNG储罐保冷工程施工技术[J].石油和化工设备,2012,15(12):25-27.Ye Zhongzhi.Cold Insulation Construction Works for LNGTank[J].Petrol and Chemical Equipment,2012,15(12):25-27.
[10]唐志和.LNG储罐保冷施工技术[J].石油工程建设,2011,37(4):46-49.Tang Zhihe.Cold Insulation Construction Technique of LNGStorage Tanks[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2011,37(4):46-49.
[11]全国天然气标准技术委员会.液化天然气(LNG)生产、储存和装运:GB/T 20368-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.China National Gas Standardization Technology Committee.Production,Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG):GB/T 20368-2006[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
[12]李杰.劳英杰.红外热成像技术在低温压力容器检验中的应用[J].广州化工,2014,42(15):9-10.Li Jie,Lao Yingjie.Application of Infrared Thermal Technology in Cryogenic Vessels Inspection[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2014,42(15):9-10.
[13]劳英杰.红外热成像技术在低温绝热压力容器定期检验中的应用[J].化学工程与装备,2012,(8):176-178.Lao Yingjie.Application of Infrared Thermal Technology in Periodic Inspection of Cryogenic Insulated Pressure Vessels[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2012,(8):176-178.
[14]秦凯凯,俞祖明,倪家利,等.5000 m3LNG储罐膨胀珍珠岩充填技术[J].新技术研究与推广,2009,(12):39-41.Qin Kaikia,Yu Zuming,Ni Jiali,et al.Expanded Perlite Filling Technique for 50000 m3LNG Storage Tank[J].Research and Promotion of New Technology,2009,(12):39-41.
[15]李宏男,高指林,李建永.LNG大型低温储罐膨胀珍珠岩填充技术[J].深冷技术,2013,42(6):20-22.Li Hongnan,Gao Zhiling,Li Jianyong.Expanded Pearlite Filling Technique for LNG Large-Sized Low-Temperature Storage Tank[J].Cryogenic Technology,2013,42(6):20-22.
[16]扬帆,张超,屈长龙,等.大型LNG储罐现场珍珠岩膨胀填充技术[J].煤气与热力,2015,35(2):13-18.Yang Fan,Zhang Chao,Qu Changlong,et al.Technology for On-Site Perlite Expansion and Filling of Large LNGStorage Tank[J].Gas&Heat,2015,35(2):13-18.
[17]崔福志.中小型LNG低温储罐珠光砂填充技术[J].中国化工贸易,2015,(12):91.Cui Fuzhi.Expanded Perlite Filling Technique for Middle and Small Low-Temperature Storage Tank[J].China Chemical Trade,2015,(12):91.
[18]胡小波,魏玉迎.大型LNG储罐BOR测试方法与计算[J].油气储运,2012,31(增刊1):4-8.Hu Xiaobo,Wei Yuying.Testing Principle of BOR and Its Calculation for Large-scale Full-Capacity 16×104m3LNGStorage Tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(Suppl 1):4-8.
[19]王洪文,詹正坤.物理化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.Wang Hongwen,Zhan Zhengkun.Physical Chemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.
[20]范宜仁,任海涛,邓少贵,等.毛细管理论在低阻油气层油气运移与聚集机理中的应用[J].测井技术,2004,28(2):104-107.Fan Yiren,Ren Haitao,Deng Shaogui,et al.Application of Capillary Theory in the Migration and Accumulation Mechanism of Oil/Gas in Low-resistivity Zone[J].Well Logging Technology,2004,28(2):104-107.
[21]曹学文,彭文山,王萍,等.大型LNG储罐罐壁隔热层保冷性能及其优化[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):0369-0375.Cao Xuewen,Peng Wenshan,Wang Ping,et al.Cold Performances of Insulation Layers in Large LNG Storage Tanks and Its Optimization[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):0369-0375.
[22]杨江辉,何登滨,姜雨欣,等.LNG储罐珍珠岩绝热层沉降数值模拟[J].低温建筑技术,2016,38(7):89-91.Yang Jianghui,He Dengbin,Jiang Yuxin,et al.Numerical Simulation of Perlite Adiabatic Layer Settlement of LNG Tank[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2016,38(7):89-91.
[23]杜亮坡,郭磊,东志红,等.LNG全容式储罐内珍珠岩侧压力计算[J].石油化工设备,2013,42(6):47-49.Du Liangpo,Guo lei,Dong Zhihong,et al.Calculation Perlite Side Pressure of Liquefied Natural Gas Full Containment Tank[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2013,42(6):47-49.
[2]顾安忠,鲁雪生,汪荣顺.液化天然气技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.Gu Anzhong,Lu Xuesheng,Wang Rongshun.Technology of Liquefied Natural Gas[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2004.
[3]张应武,左绪银.膨胀珍珠岩的真空充填技术与储罐结霜现象的分析[J].特种设备安全技术,2005,(2):24.Zhang Yingwu,Zuo Xuyin.Vacuum Filling Technology of Expanded Perlite and Analysis of Frost Phenomenon in Storage Tank[J].Safty Technology of Special Equipment,2005,(2):24.
[4]孔令海,黎文锋,邓文源,等.LNG接收站储罐冷却过程中蒸发气体的零排放技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):81-85.Kong Linghai,Li Wenfeng,Deng Wenyuan,et al.BOG Zero Emission Technology in the Process of Tank Cooling in LNGTerminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):81-85.
[5]甄洁.LNG储罐膨胀珍珠岩填充技术及施工质量的控制[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):417-421.Zhen Jie.Perlite Expansion&Filling Technology for LNGStorage Tanks and Relevant Quality Control[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):417-421.
[6]殷劲松,马小红,陈叔平.大型LNG储罐关键技术[J].煤气与热力,2011,31(7):13-17.Yin Jinsong,Ma Xiaohong,Chen Shuping.Key Technology of Large LNG Storage Tanks[J].Gas&Heat,2011,31(7):13-17.
[7]袁中立,严伦江.LNG低温储罐的设计及建造技术[J].石油工程建设,2007,33(5):19-23.Yuan Zhongli,Yan Lunjiang.Low Temperature LNG Storage Tank Design and Construction Technology[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2007,33(5):19-23.
[8]吴旭维,吴志星,胡云峰,等.大型LNG低温储罐的干燥与置换[J].煤气与热力,2012,32(7):B 04-B 07.Wu Xuwei,Wu Zhixing,Hu Yunfeng,et al.Drying and Conversion of Large-scale LNG Cryogenic Tank[J].Gas&Heat,2012,32(7):B 04-B 07.
[9]叶忠志.LNG储罐保冷工程施工技术[J].石油和化工设备,2012,15(12):25-27.Ye Zhongzhi.Cold Insulation Construction Works for LNGTank[J].Petrol and Chemical Equipment,2012,15(12):25-27.
[10]唐志和.LNG储罐保冷施工技术[J].石油工程建设,2011,37(4):46-49.Tang Zhihe.Cold Insulation Construction Technique of LNGStorage Tanks[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2011,37(4):46-49.
[11]全国天然气标准技术委员会.液化天然气(LNG)生产、储存和装运:GB/T 20368-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.China National Gas Standardization Technology Committee.Production,Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG):GB/T 20368-2006[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
[12]李杰.劳英杰.红外热成像技术在低温压力容器检验中的应用[J].广州化工,2014,42(15):9-10.Li Jie,Lao Yingjie.Application of Infrared Thermal Technology in Cryogenic Vessels Inspection[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2014,42(15):9-10.
[13]劳英杰.红外热成像技术在低温绝热压力容器定期检验中的应用[J].化学工程与装备,2012,(8):176-178.Lao Yingjie.Application of Infrared Thermal Technology in Periodic Inspection of Cryogenic Insulated Pressure Vessels[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2012,(8):176-178.
[14]秦凯凯,俞祖明,倪家利,等.5000 m3LNG储罐膨胀珍珠岩充填技术[J].新技术研究与推广,2009,(12):39-41.Qin Kaikia,Yu Zuming,Ni Jiali,et al.Expanded Perlite Filling Technique for 50000 m3LNG Storage Tank[J].Research and Promotion of New Technology,2009,(12):39-41.
[15]李宏男,高指林,李建永.LNG大型低温储罐膨胀珍珠岩填充技术[J].深冷技术,2013,42(6):20-22.Li Hongnan,Gao Zhiling,Li Jianyong.Expanded Pearlite Filling Technique for LNG Large-Sized Low-Temperature Storage Tank[J].Cryogenic Technology,2013,42(6):20-22.
[16]扬帆,张超,屈长龙,等.大型LNG储罐现场珍珠岩膨胀填充技术[J].煤气与热力,2015,35(2):13-18.Yang Fan,Zhang Chao,Qu Changlong,et al.Technology for On-Site Perlite Expansion and Filling of Large LNGStorage Tank[J].Gas&Heat,2015,35(2):13-18.
[17]崔福志.中小型LNG低温储罐珠光砂填充技术[J].中国化工贸易,2015,(12):91.Cui Fuzhi.Expanded Perlite Filling Technique for Middle and Small Low-Temperature Storage Tank[J].China Chemical Trade,2015,(12):91.
[18]胡小波,魏玉迎.大型LNG储罐BOR测试方法与计算[J].油气储运,2012,31(增刊1):4-8.Hu Xiaobo,Wei Yuying.Testing Principle of BOR and Its Calculation for Large-scale Full-Capacity 16×104m3LNGStorage Tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(Suppl 1):4-8.
[19]王洪文,詹正坤.物理化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.Wang Hongwen,Zhan Zhengkun.Physical Chemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.
[20]范宜仁,任海涛,邓少贵,等.毛细管理论在低阻油气层油气运移与聚集机理中的应用[J].测井技术,2004,28(2):104-107.Fan Yiren,Ren Haitao,Deng Shaogui,et al.Application of Capillary Theory in the Migration and Accumulation Mechanism of Oil/Gas in Low-resistivity Zone[J].Well Logging Technology,2004,28(2):104-107.
[21]曹学文,彭文山,王萍,等.大型LNG储罐罐壁隔热层保冷性能及其优化[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):0369-0375.Cao Xuewen,Peng Wenshan,Wang Ping,et al.Cold Performances of Insulation Layers in Large LNG Storage Tanks and Its Optimization[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):0369-0375.
[22]杨江辉,何登滨,姜雨欣,等.LNG储罐珍珠岩绝热层沉降数值模拟[J].低温建筑技术,2016,38(7):89-91.Yang Jianghui,He Dengbin,Jiang Yuxin,et al.Numerical Simulation of Perlite Adiabatic Layer Settlement of LNG Tank[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2016,38(7):89-91.
[23]杜亮坡,郭磊,东志红,等.LNG全容式储罐内珍珠岩侧压力计算[J].石油化工设备,2013,42(6):47-49.Du Liangpo,Guo lei,Dong Zhihong,et al.Calculation Perlite Side Pressure of Liquefied Natural Gas Full Containment Tank[J].Petro-chemical Equipment,2013,42(6):47-49.