水驱气藏水淹风险描述及防控对策
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摘要
水淹问题已成为我国气田开发过程中影响气藏上产、稳产的难题。为此,对导致气田水淹的客观、非客观因素进行了分析,明确了水淹造成的危害,并提出了防控对策;在此基础上,以某基岩气藏的开发为例,深入剖析了造成该气藏水淹的主要原因,并总结了经验教训。研究结果表明:①针对气藏开发须树立水淹风险管理意识,为规避水侵失控,应开展水淹风险描述,并制订避水、控水、治水的阶段性措施方案,进行全过程控水管理;②强化气藏水文地质勘察研究,在开发早期利用探井获取相关资料,寻找邻近气藏水体周边的高孔隙度、高渗透率储集体及纵横向压力亏空的储集体作为侵入水转移的场所;③开发过程中,分井区优化配产并适时调整,力求边水、底水和层间水均衡推进;④对气田开发方案编制规范进行修订,识别边水、底水水源,评价渗流通道及水体大小,评估和预测气藏水淹风险,增加气藏先期控水的专题方案,使水侵受控,以最大限度地规避水淹风险;⑤对复杂气藏的储量采用容积法和多种动态法进行计算,互为参考,并且在进行试采评价后正式提交探明储量,在开展可动用储量评估后再提交开发项目建议书,谨慎大规模投资建产。
Water flooding has become a difficult problem which impacts the production increase and stabilization of gas reservoirs in the process of gas field development in China. In this paper, the objective and non-objective factors leading to water flooding in gas fields were analyzed, the hazards caused by water flooding were defined and the corresponding prevention & control countermeasures were put forward. Then, a case study was conducted on the development of a certain basement gas reservoir. The main causes of its water flooding were analyzed and the experience and lessons were summarized. And the following research results were obtained. First, the awareness of water-flooding risk management should be established for reservoir development; water flooding risk description should be conducted to avoid water invasion; and phased measures for the whole-process water control management should be formulated to avoid, control and harness water. Second, the hydrogeological investigation and research of gas reservoir shall be strengthened. In the early stage of development, it is necessary to collect the relevant data from exploration wells and search for the high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in the periphery of the aquifer near the gas reservoir and the reservoirs with vertical and transverse pressure deficit and take them as the transfer sites of invading water. Third, in the process of development, it is necessary to optimize the production proration based on different well blocks and carry out timely adjustment to strive for balanced advancing of edge water, bottom water and interlayer water.Fourth, it is suggested to revise the compilation norm of gas field development plan, including the identification of edge and bottom water source, the evaluation of flow channel and the aquifer size, and the assessment and prediction of the water-flooding risk in gas reservoirs.It is also recommended to formulate a special plan for pre-water control of gas reservoirs so as to keep the water invasion under control and evade the water-flooded risk to the uttermost. Fifth, the reserves of complex gas reservoirs shall be calculated by using the volumetric method and various dynamic methods, and the calculation results can be taken as the mutual references. It is recommended to submit the proved reserves formally after trial production evaluation, and submit the development project proposals after the producible reserves assessment. And large-scale investment and productivity construction shall be treated carefully.
Water flooding has become a difficult problem which impacts the production increase and stabilization of gas reservoirs in the process of gas field development in China. In this paper, the objective and non-objective factors leading to water flooding in gas fields were analyzed, the hazards caused by water flooding were defined and the corresponding prevention & control countermeasures were put forward. Then, a case study was conducted on the development of a certain basement gas reservoir. The main causes of its water flooding were analyzed and the experience and lessons were summarized. And the following research results were obtained. First, the awareness of water-flooding risk management should be established for reservoir development; water flooding risk description should be conducted to avoid water invasion; and phased measures for the whole-process water control management should be formulated to avoid, control and harness water. Second, the hydrogeological investigation and research of gas reservoir shall be strengthened. In the early stage of development, it is necessary to collect the relevant data from exploration wells and search for the high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in the periphery of the aquifer near the gas reservoir and the reservoirs with vertical and transverse pressure deficit and take them as the transfer sites of invading water. Third, in the process of development, it is necessary to optimize the production proration based on different well blocks and carry out timely adjustment to strive for balanced advancing of edge water, bottom water and interlayer water.Fourth, it is suggested to revise the compilation norm of gas field development plan, including the identification of edge and bottom water source, the evaluation of flow channel and the aquifer size, and the assessment and prediction of the water-flooding risk in gas reservoirs.It is also recommended to formulate a special plan for pre-water control of gas reservoirs so as to keep the water invasion under control and evade the water-flooded risk to the uttermost. Fifth, the reserves of complex gas reservoirs shall be calculated by using the volumetric method and various dynamic methods, and the calculation results can be taken as the mutual references. It is recommended to submit the proved reserves formally after trial production evaluation, and submit the development project proposals after the producible reserves assessment. And large-scale investment and productivity construction shall be treated carefully.
引文
[1]刘华勋,任东,高树生,胡志明,叶礼友,刘夏.边、底水气藏水侵机理与开发对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):47-53.Liu Huaxun,Ren Dong,Gao Shusheng,Hu Zhiming,Ye Liyou&Liu Xia.Water influx mechanism and development strategy of gas reservoirs with edge and bottom water[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):47-53.
[2]李涛.普光气田开发过程水侵特征分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):65-71.Li Tao.Characteristics of water influx in the development of the Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):65-71.
[3]李跃刚,肖峰,徐文,王继平.基于气水相对渗透率曲线的产水气井开采效果评价--以苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):27-34.Li Yuegang,Xiao Feng,Xu Wen&Wang Jiping.Performance evaluation on water-producing gas wells based on gas-water relative permeability curves:A case study of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):27-34.
[4]曹光强,李文魁,姜晓华.涩北气田整体治水思路探讨[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(2):114-120.Cao Guangqiang,Li Wenkui&Jiang Xiaohua.Study on the comprehensive water control methods in Sebei Gas Field[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(2):114-120.
[5]李熙喆,郭振华,胡勇,罗瑞兰,苏云河,孙贺东,等.中国超深层构造型大气田高效开发策略[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(1):111-118.Li Xizhe,Guo Zhenhua,Hu Yong,Luo Ruilan,Su Yunhe,Sun Hedong,et al.Efficient development strategies for large ultra-deep structural gas fields in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):111-118.
[6]冯曦,钟兵,杨学锋,邓惠.有效治理气藏开发过程中水侵影响的问题及认识[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):35-40.Feng Xi,Zhong Bing,Yang Xuefeng&Deng Hui.Effective water influx control in gas reservoir development:Problems and countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):35-40.
[7]李江涛,柴小颖,邓成刚,蒲斌,赵玉,李润彤.提升水驱气藏开发效果的先期控水技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):132-139.Li Jiangtao,Chai Xiaoying,Deng Chenggang,Pu Bin,Zhao Yu&Li Runtong.Early-stage water control technology in improving the development effeciency of water drive gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):132-139.
[8]张元禧,施鑫源.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.Zhang Yuanxi&Shi Xinyuan.Ground water hydrology[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1998.
[9]谢非.风险管理原理与方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2013.Xie Fei.Risk management theory and methods[M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,2013.
[10]崔映坤.海上油气田开发风险及其对策分析[J].海洋石油,2012,32(2):47-50.Cui Yingkun.Development risk in offshore oil&gas field and risk controlling measures[J].Offshore Oil,2012,32(2):47-50.
[11]中华人民共和国国家能源局.气田开发方案编制技术要求:SY/T 6106-2014[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2015.National Energy Administration.Technical requirement of preparing gas field development plan:SY/T 6106-2014[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2015.
[12]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.气田开发调整方案编制技术要求:SY/T 6111-2007[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.National Development and Reform Commission.Technical requirements of preparing of development plan adjustment for gas reservoirs:SY/T6111-2007[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[13]李江涛,李志军,贾永禄,位云生,李清,杨云,等.柴达木盆地东坪基岩气藏的特殊地质条件及其开发模式探讨[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):75-81.Li Jiangtao,Li Zhijun,Jia Yonglu,Wei Yunsheng,Li Qing,Yang Yun,et al.Special geological conditions and development modes of the Dongping Basement Gas Reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):75-81.
[14]杨云,柴小颖.东坪基岩气藏地质精细描述[R].敦煌:中国石油青海油田勘探开发研究院,2017.Yang Yun&Chai Xiaoying.Dongping basement gas reservoir fine geological description[R].Dunhuang;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company,2017.
[15]程立华,孟德伟,杨云,位云生,冀光,齐亚东,等.柴达木盆地东坪基岩气藏的特征及合理开发指标[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):69-74.Cheng Lihua,Meng Dewei,Yang Yun,Wei Yunsheng,Ji Guang,Qi Yadong,et al.Characteristics and rational development indexes of the basement gas reservoir in the Dongping Block,Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(8):69-74.
[16]生如岩,冯其红.有限底水驱气藏气水均衡同采的实例评价[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):63-65.Sheng Ruyan&Feng Qihong.Cases analysis and evaluation of gas-water proportionally simultaneous production for limited bottom water-drive gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):63-65.
[2]李涛.普光气田开发过程水侵特征分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):65-71.Li Tao.Characteristics of water influx in the development of the Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):65-71.
[3]李跃刚,肖峰,徐文,王继平.基于气水相对渗透率曲线的产水气井开采效果评价--以苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏为例[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):27-34.Li Yuegang,Xiao Feng,Xu Wen&Wang Jiping.Performance evaluation on water-producing gas wells based on gas-water relative permeability curves:A case study of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):27-34.
[4]曹光强,李文魁,姜晓华.涩北气田整体治水思路探讨[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(2):114-120.Cao Guangqiang,Li Wenkui&Jiang Xiaohua.Study on the comprehensive water control methods in Sebei Gas Field[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(2):114-120.
[5]李熙喆,郭振华,胡勇,罗瑞兰,苏云河,孙贺东,等.中国超深层构造型大气田高效开发策略[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(1):111-118.Li Xizhe,Guo Zhenhua,Hu Yong,Luo Ruilan,Su Yunhe,Sun Hedong,et al.Efficient development strategies for large ultra-deep structural gas fields in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):111-118.
[6]冯曦,钟兵,杨学锋,邓惠.有效治理气藏开发过程中水侵影响的问题及认识[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):35-40.Feng Xi,Zhong Bing,Yang Xuefeng&Deng Hui.Effective water influx control in gas reservoir development:Problems and countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):35-40.
[7]李江涛,柴小颖,邓成刚,蒲斌,赵玉,李润彤.提升水驱气藏开发效果的先期控水技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):132-139.Li Jiangtao,Chai Xiaoying,Deng Chenggang,Pu Bin,Zhao Yu&Li Runtong.Early-stage water control technology in improving the development effeciency of water drive gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):132-139.
[8]张元禧,施鑫源.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.Zhang Yuanxi&Shi Xinyuan.Ground water hydrology[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1998.
[9]谢非.风险管理原理与方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2013.Xie Fei.Risk management theory and methods[M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,2013.
[10]崔映坤.海上油气田开发风险及其对策分析[J].海洋石油,2012,32(2):47-50.Cui Yingkun.Development risk in offshore oil&gas field and risk controlling measures[J].Offshore Oil,2012,32(2):47-50.
[11]中华人民共和国国家能源局.气田开发方案编制技术要求:SY/T 6106-2014[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2015.National Energy Administration.Technical requirement of preparing gas field development plan:SY/T 6106-2014[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2015.
[12]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.气田开发调整方案编制技术要求:SY/T 6111-2007[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.National Development and Reform Commission.Technical requirements of preparing of development plan adjustment for gas reservoirs:SY/T6111-2007[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[13]李江涛,李志军,贾永禄,位云生,李清,杨云,等.柴达木盆地东坪基岩气藏的特殊地质条件及其开发模式探讨[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):75-81.Li Jiangtao,Li Zhijun,Jia Yonglu,Wei Yunsheng,Li Qing,Yang Yun,et al.Special geological conditions and development modes of the Dongping Basement Gas Reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):75-81.
[14]杨云,柴小颖.东坪基岩气藏地质精细描述[R].敦煌:中国石油青海油田勘探开发研究院,2017.Yang Yun&Chai Xiaoying.Dongping basement gas reservoir fine geological description[R].Dunhuang;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company,2017.
[15]程立华,孟德伟,杨云,位云生,冀光,齐亚东,等.柴达木盆地东坪基岩气藏的特征及合理开发指标[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):69-74.Cheng Lihua,Meng Dewei,Yang Yun,Wei Yunsheng,Ji Guang,Qi Yadong,et al.Characteristics and rational development indexes of the basement gas reservoir in the Dongping Block,Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(8):69-74.
[16]生如岩,冯其红.有限底水驱气藏气水均衡同采的实例评价[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):63-65.Sheng Ruyan&Feng Qihong.Cases analysis and evaluation of gas-water proportionally simultaneous production for limited bottom water-drive gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):63-65.