长庆超低渗透油藏低产水平井重复改造技术研究及应用
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摘要
受储层致密低压、完井改造程度低、长期注采驱替难以建立等因素影响,鄂尔多斯盆地部分水平井产量递减大而低产。通过对水平井典型注采井网的生产动态进行历史拟合,研究了油藏压力和剩余油分布特征。以扩大储层改造体积、增加裂缝复杂程度、恢复缝网导流、解除深部堵塞和提升地层能量为目的,集成体积压裂与补充能量为一体进行重复改造设计,形成了水平井"高排量注入、两级暂堵升压、多功能压裂液、压后关井扩压"的分段补能体积复压工艺模式和配套的压缩式双封单卡组合管柱。优化施工排量为4~6 m~3/min,缝口缝内两级暂堵转向,单段液量为800~1 000 m~3,单段压后关井1~2 d。在鄂尔多斯盆地超低渗透油藏开展了5口水平井现场试验,单井补能体积复压5~6段,井均日产油量由1.6 t提高至6.2 t,达到了本井投产初期产量,与同区块常规复压井相比日增油提高了1倍。井组地层能量上升2~4 MPa,1年累计增油量超过1 200 t,与本井初次压裂投产相比年递减率降低38%。该技术对其他非常规储层提高水平井老井产量及最终采出程度有一定的借鉴。
In the Ordos Basin, the production rate of some horizontal wells declines significantly to the low value for the reservoirs are tight with low pressure, the completed wells are less stimulated and long-term injection and production displacement cannot be established easily. In this paper, history match was performed on the production performance of typical injection-production pattern of horizontal well to investigate the oil reservoir pressure and remaining oil distribution characteristics. Volumetric fracturing and energy complement was integrated for repeated stimulation design so as to enlarge reservoir stimulation volume, increase fracture complexity, recover fracture network diversion, remove deep blockage and improve formation energy. Then, the technological model for the staged energy complement and repeated volumetric fracturing of horizontal well was established, i.e., "high flow rate injection, two-stage temporary plugging for boosting, multi-functional fracturing fluid, and post-fracturing shut in for diffusion", and its support compression string with twin packer and single slip was developed. The optimized flow rate is 4-6 m~3/min, there is two-stage temporary plugging for diversion at the opening and inside of fracture, the fluid volume in each section is 800-1 000 m~3 and shut in period after fracturing of each section is 1-2 d. It was tested on site in 5 horizontal wells in ultra low permeability oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin. Energy complement and repeated fracturing is carried out at 5-6 sections in each well, and average daily oil production of each well is increased from 1.6 t to 6.2 t, which is equal to its production rate at the early stage of commissioning. And its oil increment is 100% higher than that of the wells which are treated with the conventional repeated fracturing in the same block. The formation energy of the well group rises by 2-4 MPa, the cumulative oil increment is over 1 200 t one year, and yearly decline rate is 38% lower than that after the initial fracturing of this well. This technology can be used as the reference for increasing the production rate and ultimate recovery factor of old horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs.
In the Ordos Basin, the production rate of some horizontal wells declines significantly to the low value for the reservoirs are tight with low pressure, the completed wells are less stimulated and long-term injection and production displacement cannot be established easily. In this paper, history match was performed on the production performance of typical injection-production pattern of horizontal well to investigate the oil reservoir pressure and remaining oil distribution characteristics. Volumetric fracturing and energy complement was integrated for repeated stimulation design so as to enlarge reservoir stimulation volume, increase fracture complexity, recover fracture network diversion, remove deep blockage and improve formation energy. Then, the technological model for the staged energy complement and repeated volumetric fracturing of horizontal well was established, i.e., "high flow rate injection, two-stage temporary plugging for boosting, multi-functional fracturing fluid, and post-fracturing shut in for diffusion", and its support compression string with twin packer and single slip was developed. The optimized flow rate is 4-6 m~3/min, there is two-stage temporary plugging for diversion at the opening and inside of fracture, the fluid volume in each section is 800-1 000 m~3 and shut in period after fracturing of each section is 1-2 d. It was tested on site in 5 horizontal wells in ultra low permeability oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin. Energy complement and repeated fracturing is carried out at 5-6 sections in each well, and average daily oil production of each well is increased from 1.6 t to 6.2 t, which is equal to its production rate at the early stage of commissioning. And its oil increment is 100% higher than that of the wells which are treated with the conventional repeated fracturing in the same block. The formation energy of the well group rises by 2-4 MPa, the cumulative oil increment is over 1 200 t one year, and yearly decline rate is 38% lower than that after the initial fracturing of this well. This technology can be used as the reference for increasing the production rate and ultimate recovery factor of old horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs.
引文
[1]白晓虎,齐银,陆红军,段鹏辉,顾燕凌,吴甫让.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井体积压裂优化设计研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):83-86.BAI Xiaohu,QI Yin,LU Hongjun,DUAN Penghui,GU Yanling,WU Furang.Optimization design for volume fracturing of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir of Ordos Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(4):83-86.
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[3]DIAKHATE M,GAZAWI A,ROBERT B B,COSSIO M,TINNIN B,Mc DONALD B,BARZOLA G.Refracturing on horizontal wells in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas-one operator’s perspective[R].SPE 173333,2015.
[4]KRENGER J T,FRASER J,GIBSON A J,WHITSETT A,MELCHER J,PERSAC S.Refracturing design for underperforming unconventional horizontal reservoirs[R].SPE 177306,2015.
[5]张春辉.连续油管结合双封单卡压裂技术应用[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(5):60-61.ZHANG Chunhui.Application of coiled tubing frac technique using double-sealing and single-stick[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(5):60-61.
[6]柴国兴,刘松,王慧莉,李继志.新型水平井不动管柱封隔器分段压裂技术[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):142.CHAI Guoxing,LIU Song,WANG Huili,LI Jizhi.New single-trip staged fracturing technology with packer isolation in horizontal well[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),,2010,34(4):142.
[7]李梅,刘志斌,路辉,程智远,王庆菊,郑伟姣.连续管无限极滑套分段压裂技术在苏里格的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(2):40-43.LI Mei,LIU Zhibin,LU Hui,CHENG Zhiyuan,WANG Qingju,ZHENG Weijiao.Application of CT stepless sliding sleeve staged fracturing technique in sulige[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(2):40-43.
[8]QI Yin,WU Zongfu,BAI Xiaohu,LI Chuan,JI Zhenning,LU Ling,WANG Jianhui,DUAN Penghui.Fracture design optimization of horizontal wells targeting the Chang 6 Formation in the Huaqing Oilfield[R].SPE167008,2013.
[9]王道富,李忠兴,赵继勇,何永宏,郝斐.低渗透油藏超前注水理论及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):79-82.zANG Daofu,LI Zhongxing,ZHAO Jiyong,HE Yonghong,HAO Fei.Advance water-flooding theory for low-permeability reservoirs and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):79-82.
[10]薛婷,王选茹,郑光辉,刘万涛.L1区水平井开发效果影响因素分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):221-225.XUE Ting,WANG Xuanru,ZHENG Guanghui,LIU Wantao.Analysis on affecting factors of development effect of horizontal well in Block L1[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):221-225.
[11]吴奇,胥云,张守良,王腾飞,管保山,吴国涛,王晓泉.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.WU Qi,XU Yun,ZHANG Shouliang,WANG Tengfei,GUAN Baoshan,WU Guotao,WANG Xiaoquan.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation ttechnology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[12]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,王腾飞,张守良.非常规油气藏体积改造技术——内涵、优化设计与实现[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):353-357.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Xiaoquan,WANG Tengfei,ZHANG Shouliang.Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:connotation,optimization design and implementation[J].Petroleum Exploration and development,2012,39(3):353-357.
[13]张矿生,王文雄,徐晨,李晓慧,王文东,苏玉亮.体积压裂水平井增产潜力及产能影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(35):10477-10478.ZHANG Kuangsheng,WANG Wenxiong,XU Chen,LI Xiaohui,WANG Wendong,SU Yuliang.Analysis on stimulation potential and productivity influencing factors of network fractured horizontal well[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(35):10477-10478.
[14]王文东,苏玉亮,慕立俊,唐梅荣,高丽.致密油藏直井体积压裂储层改造体积的影响因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):93-97.WANG Wendong,SU Yuliang,MU Lijun,TANG Meirong,GAO Li.Influencing factors of stimulated reservoir volume of vertical wells in tight oil reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(3):93-97.
[15]OLSON J E.Multi-fracture propagation modeling:Applications to hydraulic fracturing in shales and tight gas sands[C].The 42nd U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium(USRMS),2008.
[16]BEUGELSDIJK L J L,PATER C J D,SATO K.Experimental hydraulic fracture propagation in a multifractured medium[R].SPE 59419,2000.
[17]RICKMAN R,MULLEN M J,PETRE J E,GRIESER W V,KUNDERT D.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett Shale[R].SPE 115258,2008.
[18]李宪文,樊凤玲,李晓慧,王文东,徐晨,苏玉亮.体积压裂缝网系统模拟及缝网形态优化研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(1):71-75.LI Xianwen,FAN Fengling,LI Xiaohui,WANG Wendong,XU Chen,SU Yuliang.Study on the fracture network system simulation and shape optimization of volume fracturing[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(1):71-75.
[19]WARPINSKI N R,MAYERHOFER M J,VINCENT M C,CIPOLLA C L,LOLON E.Stimulating unconventional reservoirs:Maximizing network growth while optimizing fracture conductivity[R].SPE 114173,2008.
[20]LI Peichao.Theoritical study on reoritntation mechanism of hydraulic fractures[R].SPE 105724,2007.
[21]翁定为,雷群,胥云.缝网压裂技术及其现场应用[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):280-284.WENG Dingwei,LEI Qun,XU Yun,LI Yang,LI Deqi,WANG Weixu.Network fracturing techniques and its application in the field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):280-284.
[22]李忠兴,屈雪峰,刘万涛,雷启鸿,孙华岭,何右安.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段致密油合理开发方探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):1-5.LI Zhongxing,QU Xuefeng,LIU Wantao,LEI Qihong,SUM Hualing,HE Youan.Development modes of triassic yanchang formation Chang 7 member tight oil in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):1-5.
[2]刘雄,王磊,王方,邓晓梅,彭成敏.致密油藏水平井体积压裂产能影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):85-88.LIU Xiong,WANG Lei,WANG Fang,DENG Xiaomei,PENG Chengmin.Sensitivity analysis of volume-fractured horizontal well productivity in tight reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(2):85-88.
[3]DIAKHATE M,GAZAWI A,ROBERT B B,COSSIO M,TINNIN B,Mc DONALD B,BARZOLA G.Refracturing on horizontal wells in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas-one operator’s perspective[R].SPE 173333,2015.
[4]KRENGER J T,FRASER J,GIBSON A J,WHITSETT A,MELCHER J,PERSAC S.Refracturing design for underperforming unconventional horizontal reservoirs[R].SPE 177306,2015.
[5]张春辉.连续油管结合双封单卡压裂技术应用[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(5):60-61.ZHANG Chunhui.Application of coiled tubing frac technique using double-sealing and single-stick[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(5):60-61.
[6]柴国兴,刘松,王慧莉,李继志.新型水平井不动管柱封隔器分段压裂技术[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):142.CHAI Guoxing,LIU Song,WANG Huili,LI Jizhi.New single-trip staged fracturing technology with packer isolation in horizontal well[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),,2010,34(4):142.
[7]李梅,刘志斌,路辉,程智远,王庆菊,郑伟姣.连续管无限极滑套分段压裂技术在苏里格的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(2):40-43.LI Mei,LIU Zhibin,LU Hui,CHENG Zhiyuan,WANG Qingju,ZHENG Weijiao.Application of CT stepless sliding sleeve staged fracturing technique in sulige[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(2):40-43.
[8]QI Yin,WU Zongfu,BAI Xiaohu,LI Chuan,JI Zhenning,LU Ling,WANG Jianhui,DUAN Penghui.Fracture design optimization of horizontal wells targeting the Chang 6 Formation in the Huaqing Oilfield[R].SPE167008,2013.
[9]王道富,李忠兴,赵继勇,何永宏,郝斐.低渗透油藏超前注水理论及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):79-82.zANG Daofu,LI Zhongxing,ZHAO Jiyong,HE Yonghong,HAO Fei.Advance water-flooding theory for low-permeability reservoirs and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):79-82.
[10]薛婷,王选茹,郑光辉,刘万涛.L1区水平井开发效果影响因素分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):221-225.XUE Ting,WANG Xuanru,ZHENG Guanghui,LIU Wantao.Analysis on affecting factors of development effect of horizontal well in Block L1[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):221-225.
[11]吴奇,胥云,张守良,王腾飞,管保山,吴国涛,王晓泉.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.WU Qi,XU Yun,ZHANG Shouliang,WANG Tengfei,GUAN Baoshan,WU Guotao,WANG Xiaoquan.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation ttechnology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[12]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,王腾飞,张守良.非常规油气藏体积改造技术——内涵、优化设计与实现[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):353-357.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Xiaoquan,WANG Tengfei,ZHANG Shouliang.Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:connotation,optimization design and implementation[J].Petroleum Exploration and development,2012,39(3):353-357.
[13]张矿生,王文雄,徐晨,李晓慧,王文东,苏玉亮.体积压裂水平井增产潜力及产能影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(35):10477-10478.ZHANG Kuangsheng,WANG Wenxiong,XU Chen,LI Xiaohui,WANG Wendong,SU Yuliang.Analysis on stimulation potential and productivity influencing factors of network fractured horizontal well[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(35):10477-10478.
[14]王文东,苏玉亮,慕立俊,唐梅荣,高丽.致密油藏直井体积压裂储层改造体积的影响因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):93-97.WANG Wendong,SU Yuliang,MU Lijun,TANG Meirong,GAO Li.Influencing factors of stimulated reservoir volume of vertical wells in tight oil reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(3):93-97.
[15]OLSON J E.Multi-fracture propagation modeling:Applications to hydraulic fracturing in shales and tight gas sands[C].The 42nd U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium(USRMS),2008.
[16]BEUGELSDIJK L J L,PATER C J D,SATO K.Experimental hydraulic fracture propagation in a multifractured medium[R].SPE 59419,2000.
[17]RICKMAN R,MULLEN M J,PETRE J E,GRIESER W V,KUNDERT D.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett Shale[R].SPE 115258,2008.
[18]李宪文,樊凤玲,李晓慧,王文东,徐晨,苏玉亮.体积压裂缝网系统模拟及缝网形态优化研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(1):71-75.LI Xianwen,FAN Fengling,LI Xiaohui,WANG Wendong,XU Chen,SU Yuliang.Study on the fracture network system simulation and shape optimization of volume fracturing[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(1):71-75.
[19]WARPINSKI N R,MAYERHOFER M J,VINCENT M C,CIPOLLA C L,LOLON E.Stimulating unconventional reservoirs:Maximizing network growth while optimizing fracture conductivity[R].SPE 114173,2008.
[20]LI Peichao.Theoritical study on reoritntation mechanism of hydraulic fractures[R].SPE 105724,2007.
[21]翁定为,雷群,胥云.缝网压裂技术及其现场应用[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):280-284.WENG Dingwei,LEI Qun,XU Yun,LI Yang,LI Deqi,WANG Weixu.Network fracturing techniques and its application in the field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):280-284.
[22]李忠兴,屈雪峰,刘万涛,雷启鸿,孙华岭,何右安.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段致密油合理开发方探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):1-5.LI Zhongxing,QU Xuefeng,LIU Wantao,LEI Qihong,SUM Hualing,HE Youan.Development modes of triassic yanchang formation Chang 7 member tight oil in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):1-5.