天山北麓甜菜节本稳产增糖栽培技术集成模式示范
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摘要
针对目前甜菜种植过程中普遍灌水和施肥量过大造成的浪费资源、污染环境等问题,以比对照田(CK)含糖率增加0.5度、节水10%以上、肥料用量减少20%以上为总体目标,开展了节本稳产增糖栽培技术集成模式示范。通过一年的对比示范结果表明:示范田较对照田(CK)节水18.69%、化肥用量减少51.2%,甜农节本2 065.23元/hm2;块根产量增加9.29%、含糖率提高2.94度,增收4 155元/hm2,两项合计增加收入6 220.23元/hm2。实际效果验证了甜菜节本稳产增糖栽培技术集成模式的可行性,为发展现代生态农业提供技术支撑。
In view of the problems such as waste of resources and pollution of environment caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization in the current sugarbeet planting, the demonstration experiment of integrated cultivation technology for saving cost, stable yield and increasing sugar production was carried out, and its overall goal is to increase sugar content by 0.5%, save water more than 10%, and reduce fertilizer use by more than 20% compared with the control. The results of a year's comparative experiment showed that the demonstration field of sugarbeet can save water 18.69%, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 51.2% compared with the control, and cost of sugarbeet farmer can save 2 065.23 yuan/ha; the root yield of sugarbeet increase by 9.29%, sugar content increase by 2.94% compared with the control, and income increase by 4 155 yuan/ha. The two items add up to 6220.23 yuan/ha. The practical results verified the feasibility of the integrated model of sugarbeet cultivation technology, which provided technical support for the development of modern ecological agriculture.
In view of the problems such as waste of resources and pollution of environment caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization in the current sugarbeet planting, the demonstration experiment of integrated cultivation technology for saving cost, stable yield and increasing sugar production was carried out, and its overall goal is to increase sugar content by 0.5%, save water more than 10%, and reduce fertilizer use by more than 20% compared with the control. The results of a year's comparative experiment showed that the demonstration field of sugarbeet can save water 18.69%, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 51.2% compared with the control, and cost of sugarbeet farmer can save 2 065.23 yuan/ha; the root yield of sugarbeet increase by 9.29%, sugar content increase by 2.94% compared with the control, and income increase by 4 155 yuan/ha. The two items add up to 6220.23 yuan/ha. The practical results verified the feasibility of the integrated model of sugarbeet cultivation technology, which provided technical support for the development of modern ecological agriculture.
引文
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[2]杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692
[3]周芳,金书秦.产出率视角下的农业化肥利用效率国际比较[J].世界农业,2016(4):35-44
[4]段玉,妥德宝,赵沛义.施用氮磷钾肥对内蒙古优势作物产量和品质的影响[C].信息技术与土壤养分管理国际学术讨论会,2005
[5]胡伟.施肥对甜菜产量、含糖及养分利用的影响[J].农学学报,2014,5(9):73-76
[6]曹禹.伊犁地区甜菜氮磷钾互作及肥料效应研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016
[7]谢金兰,李长宁,何为中,等.甘蔗化肥减量增效的栽培技术[J].中国糖料,2017,39(1):38-41
[8]农业部关于印发《到2020年化肥使用量零增长行动方案》和《到2020年农药使用量零增长行动方案》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.360doc.com/content/16/0714/23/19158189_575580402.shtml
[9]冶军,陈军,朱新在.不同灌溉方式对新疆甜菜生长发育的影响[J].现代农业科技,2009(7):15-16
[10]R Topak,S Süheri,B Acar. Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.)yield,quality and water use efficiency in Middle Anatolian,Turkey[J]. Irrigation Science,2011,29(1):79-89
[11]杨骥,王绍禹.影响甜菜含糖率的栽培技术问题[J].中国糖料,1999,21(3):45-47
[12]曲文章,崔杰,高妙贞,等.施氮量对甜菜氮代谢及产量与品质的影响[J].中国甜菜,1994(4):16-21
[13]秦江鸿,罗勇.甜菜需肥规律及施肥技术[J].石河子科技,1999(5):39-40
[14]董心久,杨洪泽,高卫时,等.灌水量对滴灌甜菜生长发育及产质量的影响[J].中国糖料,2013,35(4):37-41
[15]沈东元,荆文学.甜菜病虫害综合防治关键技术分析与阐述[J].农业与技术,2017(4):5
[16]樊福义,苏文斌,宫前恒,等.高寒干旱区甜菜膜下滴灌灌溉制度的研究[J].中国糖料,2017,39(6):37-39,42