墨西哥湾北部深水盐盆Wilcox组油气成藏条件及有利勘探方向
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摘要
古新统—下始新统Wilcox组为墨西哥湾盆地陆上和深水区的重要产层。利用地震、钻井等资料,结合前人认识,分析了墨西哥湾北部深水盐盆Wilcox组油气成藏条件及油气富集的主控因素。研究结果表明,Wilcox组的油气主要来自上侏罗统提塘阶优质海相烃源岩;上Wilcox组深水扇沉积为主力储层,其埋藏西浅东深,储层物性西好东差;上始新统—渐新统厚层深海相泥岩和厚层异地盐蓬为Wilcox组储层提供了优质盖层。Perdido褶皱带、Keathley褶皱带和Walker褶皱带对Wilcox组油气富集有重要的控制作用;与盐拱相关的断裂和微裂隙、盐株边界为油气垂向运移通道,盐蓬底面渗透层为油气提供了侧向运移通道。Keathley褶皱带和墨西哥湾海域的Perdido盐核挤压褶皱带、深层逆冲带为该地区下一步有利勘探方向。
Paleocene to lower Eocene Wilcox Formation is the major pay zone of the Gulf of Mexico( GOM) basin on onshore and in deep water areas. Based on seismic and drilling data and in conjunction with previous studies,hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and controlling factors for hydrocarbon enrichment in Wilcox Formation were analyzed in this paper. The research result shows that Wilcox hydrocarbon is mainly from the upper Jurassic Tithonian high quality marine source rock. The Upper Wilcox is the major reservoir with deep-marine fan sedimentary environment which is buried shallow in the west and deep in the east,leading to better physical properties in the west than in the east. Upper Eocene and Oligocene thick abyssal mudstone and thick salt canopy provide excellent caprock for Wilcox reservoir. Perdido fold belt,Keathley fold belt and Walker fold belt play an important role in controlling oil and gas accumulation in the Wilcox Formation. Faults and fractures related to salt dome and salt stock boundary serve as the vertical migration pathway,and the permeable layers near the bottom of salt canopy provide the lateral migration pathway. Keathley fold belt,salt-cored and deep thrust structure of Perdido fold belt which is located in deep water of Mexico are the future favorable exploration targets in northern GOM area.
Paleocene to lower Eocene Wilcox Formation is the major pay zone of the Gulf of Mexico( GOM) basin on onshore and in deep water areas. Based on seismic and drilling data and in conjunction with previous studies,hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and controlling factors for hydrocarbon enrichment in Wilcox Formation were analyzed in this paper. The research result shows that Wilcox hydrocarbon is mainly from the upper Jurassic Tithonian high quality marine source rock. The Upper Wilcox is the major reservoir with deep-marine fan sedimentary environment which is buried shallow in the west and deep in the east,leading to better physical properties in the west than in the east. Upper Eocene and Oligocene thick abyssal mudstone and thick salt canopy provide excellent caprock for Wilcox reservoir. Perdido fold belt,Keathley fold belt and Walker fold belt play an important role in controlling oil and gas accumulation in the Wilcox Formation. Faults and fractures related to salt dome and salt stock boundary serve as the vertical migration pathway,and the permeable layers near the bottom of salt canopy provide the lateral migration pathway. Keathley fold belt,salt-cored and deep thrust structure of Perdido fold belt which is located in deep water of Mexico are the future favorable exploration targets in northern GOM area.
引文
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[18]赵青芳,龚建明,李双林,等.墨西哥湾盆地北部深水前第三系成藏组合分析[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(4):11-14.ZHAO Qingfang,GONG Jianming,LI Shuanglin,et al.Pre-Tertiary deepwater oil plays in the northern Gulf of Mexico basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(4):11-14.
[19]MOUNT V S,RODRIGUEZ A,CHAUOCHE A,et al.Petroleum system observations and interpretation in the vicinity of the K2/K2-North,Genghis Khan,and Marco Polo fields,Green Canyon,Gulf of Mexico[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2002,56:613-625.
[20]卢景美,张金川,严杰,等.墨西哥湾北部深水区Wilcox沉积特征及沉积模式研究[J].沉积学报,2014,32(6):1132-1139.LU Jingmei,ZHANG Jinchuan,YAN Jie,et al.Study on depositional characteristics and model of Wilcox in the deep waters of northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(6):1132-1139.
[21]MALBROUGH,J P,SARWAR A M.Lower Tertiary Wilcox play with prospective wells,Keathley Canyon,Gulf of Mexico[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2016,66:373-399.
[22]GALLOWAY W E,GANEY-CURRY P E,LI Xiang,et al.Cenozoic depositional history of the Gulf of Mexico basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(11):1743-1774.
[23]TAYLOR T R.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:models,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[2]KITTRIDGE M G,BRAUNSDORF N R,BRYNDZIA L T.Seismic petrophysics-integration to enable geologically-sensible rock physics:a Gulf of Mexico demonstration[R].Edinburgh,Scotland:SPWLA 49th Annual Logging Symposium,2008:14.
[3]HOWIE J,TROUT M.Two assets,two approaches to tackling subsalt imaging:Thunder Horse and Atlantis[R].OTC 20414,2010.
[4]KATZ B J,ROBISON V D.Oil quality in deep-water settings:concerns,perceptions,observations,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(6):909-920.
[5]Offshore Technology.K2 Field,Gulf of Mexico,USA[EB/OL].[2009].http:∥www.offshore-technology.com/projects/k2-field/.
[6]JACKSON A L,HUUSE M,BARBER G P.Geometry of winglike clastic intrusions adjacent to a deep-water channel complex:implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(4):559-584.
[7]PINDELL J,KENNAN L,STANEK K P,et al.Foundations of Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean evolution:eight controversies resolved[J].Geologica Acta,2006,4(1/2):89-128.
[8]HUDEC M R,JACKSON M P A,PEEL F J.Influence of deep Louann structure on the evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(10):1711-1735.
[9]MARTON G,BUFFLER R T.Application of simple shear model to the evolution of passive continental margins of the Gulf of Mexico basin[J].Geology,1993,21(6):495-498.
[10]GRANDO G,MCCLAY K.Structural evolution of the Frampton growth fold system,Atwater Valley-Southern Green Canyon area,deep water Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2004,21(7):889-910.
[11]HUDEC M R,JACKSON M P A,SCHULTZ-ELA D.The paradox of minibasin subsidence into salt:clues to the evolution of crustal basins[J].GSA Bulletin,2009,121(1-2):201-221.
[12]MANKIEWICZ P J,POTTORF R J,KOZAR M G,et al.Gas geochemistry of the Mobile Bay Jurassic Norphlet Formation:thermal controls and implications for reservoir connectivity[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(10):1319-1346.
[13]JANSON X,KERANS C,LOUCKS R,et al.Seismic architecture of a Lower Cretaceous platform-to-slope system,Santa Agueda and Poza Rica fields,Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(1):105-146.
[14]MCDONNELL A,LOUCKS R G,GALLOWAY W E.Paleocene to Eocene deep-water slope canyons,western Gulf of Mexico:further insights for the provenance of deep-water offshore Wilcox Group plays[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(9):1169-1189.
[15]CUNNIANGHAM R,SNEDDEN J W,NORTON I O,et al.Upper Jurassic Tithonian-centered source mapping in the deepwater northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Interpretation,2016,4(1):97-123.
[16]SASSEN R.Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous source rocks in the Louisiana and Mississippi:implication to Gulf of Mexico crude oil[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(6):857-878.
[17]JACQUES J M,CLEGG H.Late Jurassic source rock distribution and quality in the Gulf of Mexico:inferences from plate tectonicmodelling[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2002,52:429-440.
[18]赵青芳,龚建明,李双林,等.墨西哥湾盆地北部深水前第三系成藏组合分析[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(4):11-14.ZHAO Qingfang,GONG Jianming,LI Shuanglin,et al.Pre-Tertiary deepwater oil plays in the northern Gulf of Mexico basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(4):11-14.
[19]MOUNT V S,RODRIGUEZ A,CHAUOCHE A,et al.Petroleum system observations and interpretation in the vicinity of the K2/K2-North,Genghis Khan,and Marco Polo fields,Green Canyon,Gulf of Mexico[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2002,56:613-625.
[20]卢景美,张金川,严杰,等.墨西哥湾北部深水区Wilcox沉积特征及沉积模式研究[J].沉积学报,2014,32(6):1132-1139.LU Jingmei,ZHANG Jinchuan,YAN Jie,et al.Study on depositional characteristics and model of Wilcox in the deep waters of northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(6):1132-1139.
[21]MALBROUGH,J P,SARWAR A M.Lower Tertiary Wilcox play with prospective wells,Keathley Canyon,Gulf of Mexico[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2016,66:373-399.
[22]GALLOWAY W E,GANEY-CURRY P E,LI Xiang,et al.Cenozoic depositional history of the Gulf of Mexico basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(11):1743-1774.
[23]TAYLOR T R.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:models,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.