论明清士大夫对西方力学的认知与传播
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摘要
明清西方力学在中国的传播是中国传统力学步入近代化的契机,士大夫对西方力学的认知是影响其传播行为及效果的重要因素。结合中西各异的力学传统,分析明清时期士大夫对西方力学知识的评价,揭示出实学思潮与崇古意识对士大夫认知的作用。其认知在士大夫阶层与传教士的人际网络中强化或转变,影响着西方力学的传播,并在中国传统力学的发展进程中发挥着重要作用。
The communication of western mechanics knowledge in China during Ming and Qing is a key to the development of modern science in China,and the cognition of Western mechanics is an important factor affecting the literati and officials' behavior and its effect. On the basis of comparing the mechanics tradition of China and the west,analyzing the evaluation of Western mechanics by the literati and officials in different periods,we revealed the effect of practical thought and the consciousness of worshiping the ancients on their cognition which strengthened or transformed in the network between the scholar-bureaucrat class and the missionaries,influencing the spread of Western mechanics and playing an important role in the development of traditional Chinese mechanics.
The communication of western mechanics knowledge in China during Ming and Qing is a key to the development of modern science in China,and the cognition of Western mechanics is an important factor affecting the literati and officials' behavior and its effect. On the basis of comparing the mechanics tradition of China and the west,analyzing the evaluation of Western mechanics by the literati and officials in different periods,we revealed the effect of practical thought and the consciousness of worshiping the ancients on their cognition which strengthened or transformed in the network between the scholar-bureaucrat class and the missionaries,influencing the spread of Western mechanics and playing an important role in the development of traditional Chinese mechanics.
引文
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[15]聂馥玲.《时务通考》对晚清传入力学知识的重构[J].自然辩证法通讯,2012,34(1):35-38+126.
[2]御制历象考成后编[M]∥景印文渊阁四库全书:第792册[M].台北:台湾商务印书馆,1986:17.
[3]戴念祖.中国古代物理学[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2010:7-9.
[4]仪德刚,赵新力,齐中英.弓体的力学性能及“郑玄弹性定律”再探[J].自然科学史研究,2005(3):249-258.
[5]张柏春,田淼,马深孟.传播与会通:《奇器图说》研究与校注:上[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2008:94.
[6]邓玉函,王徵.远西奇器图说[M].北京:中华书局,1985:11.
[7]张柏春,田淼,马深孟.传播与会通:《奇器图说》研究与校注:下[M].南京:江苏科技,2008:10-12.
[8]吴邦庆.泽农要录:卷五[M].益津吴氏刊本,1824:2.
[9]田淼,张柏春.梅文鼎《远西奇器图说录最》注研究[J].中国科技史杂志,2006(4):330-339.
[10]赫歇尔.谈天[M].伟烈亚士,李善兰,译.上海:商务印书馆,1934:8-9.
[11]高红成.晚清中算家对《重学》中抛射运动知识的数学解读[J].自然科学史研究,2012,31(2):167-179.
[12]王燮山.中国近代力学的先驱顾观光及其力学著作[J].物理,1989(1):56-60+14.
[13]纪昀,陆锡熊,孙士毅.《奇器图说》提要[M]∥景印四库全书:第842册.台北:商务印书馆,1983:408.
[14]徐光启.刻《同文算指》序[M]∥徐宗泽.明清间耶稣会士译著提要.上海:上海世纪出版集团,2010:198-199.
[15]聂馥玲.《时务通考》对晚清传入力学知识的重构[J].自然辩证法通讯,2012,34(1):35-38+126.