导流罩对受电弓气动噪声影响的风洞试验研究
|
摘要
受电弓是高速列车顶部最主要的气动噪声源,合理的导流罩设计是降低受电弓气动噪声的重要方法。通过声学风洞试验的方法,研究缩比模型导流罩对高速列车受电弓气动噪声的影响,采用远场麦克风及声阵列,给出了风速范围为200～250 km·h~(-1)时的升弓、降弓状态下,受电弓和加装导流罩的远场气动噪声频谱、主要噪声源位置、强度和对应频带范围。研究表明,受电弓气动噪声为宽频带噪声,中频噪声源位于受电弓区域后部近车体位置,中高频、高频噪声源对应弓头和支座区域;升弓状态下,导流罩增大了弓头区域的气动噪声能量,在降弓状态下,导流罩减小了弓头和支座的噪声水平。
The pantograph is the main aerodynamic noise source at the top of high-speed trains, and the key to reduce the pantograph aerodynamic noise is to properly design the pantograph guide cover. By using aero-acoustic wind tunnel test method, the influence of the guide cover on the aerodynamic noise of high speed train's pantograph is studied at the speed of 200～250 km·h~(-1). Received by far field microphones and the array, the noise spectrum, dominant noise source positions, the intensity and the frequency ranges are given under the pantograph lifted and folded conditions. The study indicates that the pantograph aerodynamic noise is broadband noise; the middle frequency noise sources locate at the rear of the pantograph area near train body; the pantograph head and supporter correspond to the positions of middle and high frequency noise sources. In pantograph lifted condition, the aerodynamic noise of the pantograph head is increased by the guide cover. However, in the pantograph folded condition, the aerodynamic noise at the pantograph head and supporter is decreased by the guide cover. The results show that: the proper design of the cover can reduce the aerodynamic noise in folded condition, and avoid increasing the aerodynamic noise at the pantograph head in lifted condition.
The pantograph is the main aerodynamic noise source at the top of high-speed trains, and the key to reduce the pantograph aerodynamic noise is to properly design the pantograph guide cover. By using aero-acoustic wind tunnel test method, the influence of the guide cover on the aerodynamic noise of high speed train's pantograph is studied at the speed of 200～250 km·h~(-1). Received by far field microphones and the array, the noise spectrum, dominant noise source positions, the intensity and the frequency ranges are given under the pantograph lifted and folded conditions. The study indicates that the pantograph aerodynamic noise is broadband noise; the middle frequency noise sources locate at the rear of the pantograph area near train body; the pantograph head and supporter correspond to the positions of middle and high frequency noise sources. In pantograph lifted condition, the aerodynamic noise of the pantograph head is increased by the guide cover. However, in the pantograph folded condition, the aerodynamic noise at the pantograph head and supporter is decreased by the guide cover. The results show that: the proper design of the cover can reduce the aerodynamic noise in folded condition, and avoid increasing the aerodynamic noise at the pantograph head in lifted condition.
引文
[1]THOMPSON D J,IGLESIAS E L,LIU X,et al.Recent developments in the prediction and control of aerodynamic noise from high-speed trains[J].International Journal of Rail Transportation,2015,3(3):119-150.
[2]LAUTERBACH A,EHRENFRIED K,LOOSE S,et al.Microphone array wind tunnel measurements of Reynolds number effects in high-speed train aeroacoustics[J].International Journal of Aeroacoustics,2012,11(3):411-446.
[3]田红旗.中国高速轨道交通空气动力学研究进展及发展思考[J].中国工程科学,2015,17(4):30-41.TIAN Hongqi.Development of research on aerodynamics of high-speed rails in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2015,17(4):30-41.
[4]IGLESIAS E L,THOMPSON D J,SMITH M G.Component-based model to predict aerodynamic noise from high-speed train pantographs[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2017,394:280-305.
[5]李辉,肖新标,李志辉,等.某型受电弓300 km/h速度下气动噪声初步分析[J].铁道学报,2016,38(9):18-22.LI Hui,XIAO Xinbiao,LI Zhihui,et al.Preliminary investigation into aerodynamic noise of a certain type of pantograph under speed of 300 km/h[J].Journal of Railway Society,2016,38(9):18-22.
[6]IKEDA M,SUZUKI M,YOSHIDA K.Study on optimization of panhead shape possessing low noise and stable aerodynamic characteristics[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,2006,47(2):72-77.
[7]SUEKI T,TAKAISHI T,IKEDA M.Application of porous material to reduce aerodynamic sound from bluff bodies[J].Fluid Dynamic Research,2010,42(1):1-14.
[8]LIU H,WEI J,QU Z.Prediction of aerodynamic noise reduction by using open-cell metal foam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2012,331(7):1483-1497.
[9]MITSUMOJI T,SATO V,IKEDA M.A basic study on aerodynamic noise reduction techniques for a pantograph head using plasma actuators[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,2014,55(3):186-189.
[10]杨帆,郑百林,贺鹏飞.高速列车集电部气动噪声数值模拟[J].计算机辅助工程,2010,19(1):44-47.YANG Fan,ZHENG Bailin,HE Pengfei.Numerical simulation on aerodynamic noise of power collection equipment for high-speed trains[J].Computer Aided Engineering,2010,19(1):44-47.
[11]HOLMES B S,DIAS J B,JAROUX B A et al.Predicting the wind noise from the pantograph cover of a train[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,1997,24(12):1307-1319.
[12]张亚东,韩璐,李明,等.高速列车受电弓气动噪声降噪[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(6):94-101.ZHANG Yadong,HAN Lu,LI Ming,et al.Reduction of aerodynamic noise of high-speed train pantograph[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,53(6):94-101.
[13]丁叁叁.高速列车车体设计关键技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016:72-74.
[14]YU H H,LI J C,ZHANG H Q.On aerodynamic noises radiated by the pantograph system of high-speed trains[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2013,29(3):399-410.
[15]高阳,王毅刚,王金田,等.声学风洞中的高速列车模型气动噪声试验研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(6):506-510.GAO Yang,WANG Yigang,WANG Jintian,et al.Testing study of aerodynamic noise for high speed train model in aero-acoustic wind tunnel[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,32(6):506-510.
[16]CURLE N.The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamic sound[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1995,A231:505-514.
[17]沈哲,王毅刚,杨志刚,等.基于剪切层扇形分层模型的射流声传播分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(4):596-601.SHEN Zhe,WANG Yigang,YANG Zhigang,et al.Acoustic propagation analysis of jet flow based on stratified fan shaped shear layer model[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2017,45(4):596-601.
[2]LAUTERBACH A,EHRENFRIED K,LOOSE S,et al.Microphone array wind tunnel measurements of Reynolds number effects in high-speed train aeroacoustics[J].International Journal of Aeroacoustics,2012,11(3):411-446.
[3]田红旗.中国高速轨道交通空气动力学研究进展及发展思考[J].中国工程科学,2015,17(4):30-41.TIAN Hongqi.Development of research on aerodynamics of high-speed rails in China[J].Engineering Sciences,2015,17(4):30-41.
[4]IGLESIAS E L,THOMPSON D J,SMITH M G.Component-based model to predict aerodynamic noise from high-speed train pantographs[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2017,394:280-305.
[5]李辉,肖新标,李志辉,等.某型受电弓300 km/h速度下气动噪声初步分析[J].铁道学报,2016,38(9):18-22.LI Hui,XIAO Xinbiao,LI Zhihui,et al.Preliminary investigation into aerodynamic noise of a certain type of pantograph under speed of 300 km/h[J].Journal of Railway Society,2016,38(9):18-22.
[6]IKEDA M,SUZUKI M,YOSHIDA K.Study on optimization of panhead shape possessing low noise and stable aerodynamic characteristics[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,2006,47(2):72-77.
[7]SUEKI T,TAKAISHI T,IKEDA M.Application of porous material to reduce aerodynamic sound from bluff bodies[J].Fluid Dynamic Research,2010,42(1):1-14.
[8]LIU H,WEI J,QU Z.Prediction of aerodynamic noise reduction by using open-cell metal foam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2012,331(7):1483-1497.
[9]MITSUMOJI T,SATO V,IKEDA M.A basic study on aerodynamic noise reduction techniques for a pantograph head using plasma actuators[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,2014,55(3):186-189.
[10]杨帆,郑百林,贺鹏飞.高速列车集电部气动噪声数值模拟[J].计算机辅助工程,2010,19(1):44-47.YANG Fan,ZHENG Bailin,HE Pengfei.Numerical simulation on aerodynamic noise of power collection equipment for high-speed trains[J].Computer Aided Engineering,2010,19(1):44-47.
[11]HOLMES B S,DIAS J B,JAROUX B A et al.Predicting the wind noise from the pantograph cover of a train[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,1997,24(12):1307-1319.
[12]张亚东,韩璐,李明,等.高速列车受电弓气动噪声降噪[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(6):94-101.ZHANG Yadong,HAN Lu,LI Ming,et al.Reduction of aerodynamic noise of high-speed train pantograph[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,53(6):94-101.
[13]丁叁叁.高速列车车体设计关键技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016:72-74.
[14]YU H H,LI J C,ZHANG H Q.On aerodynamic noises radiated by the pantograph system of high-speed trains[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2013,29(3):399-410.
[15]高阳,王毅刚,王金田,等.声学风洞中的高速列车模型气动噪声试验研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(6):506-510.GAO Yang,WANG Yigang,WANG Jintian,et al.Testing study of aerodynamic noise for high speed train model in aero-acoustic wind tunnel[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,32(6):506-510.
[16]CURLE N.The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamic sound[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1995,A231:505-514.
[17]沈哲,王毅刚,杨志刚,等.基于剪切层扇形分层模型的射流声传播分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(4):596-601.SHEN Zhe,WANG Yigang,YANG Zhigang,et al.Acoustic propagation analysis of jet flow based on stratified fan shaped shear layer model[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2017,45(4):596-601.