强混响背景下悬浮目标的时反成像
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摘要
提出了一种加权宽带全信号子空间时反成像方法,将扩展性目标建模为有限数量个、相互独立的点散射体构成,实现了时反成像在可疑目标区域的全信号子空间和整个宽带的累加。在实验室波导水池中,底部放置圆柱筒制造混响背景,共进行了两个实验,一是扩展性的悬浮目标位于圆柱筒附近,其回波与圆柱筒反射的混响不在同一个时间窗内,二是弱点目标回波与圆柱筒反射的混响重叠于同一个时间窗内,对所提出的方法进行强混响背景下弱悬浮目标的成像能力验证。结果表明,此方法对强混响背景下的弱悬浮目标的成像质量明显优于传统的时反成像方法。
The weighted wideband time-reversal imaging approach of full signal subspaces is proposed. Provided that the extended target is composed of an infinite number of independent scatterers, time-reversal imaging of all signal subspaces is combined over the entire bandwidth at the locations of suspected targets. On the bottom of a laboratorywater waveguide, a cylindrical shell was used to produce reverberation. Two experiments are carried out. One is that an extended target is suspended near the cylindrical shell, and then the echo seems in different time window with the reverberation reflected by the cylindrical shell. The other is that a point-like target is suspended above the cylindrical shell, thus the echo and the reverberation is in the same time window. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better imaging quality than that of the conventional time reversal imaging methods under the condition of the weak suspended target in a strong reverberation environment.
The weighted wideband time-reversal imaging approach of full signal subspaces is proposed. Provided that the extended target is composed of an infinite number of independent scatterers, time-reversal imaging of all signal subspaces is combined over the entire bandwidth at the locations of suspected targets. On the bottom of a laboratorywater waveguide, a cylindrical shell was used to produce reverberation. Two experiments are carried out. One is that an extended target is suspended near the cylindrical shell, and then the echo seems in different time window with the reverberation reflected by the cylindrical shell. The other is that a point-like target is suspended above the cylindrical shell, thus the echo and the reverberation is in the same time window. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better imaging quality than that of the conventional time reversal imaging methods under the condition of the weak suspended target in a strong reverberation environment.
引文
1 Li C X, Xu W, Li J L et al. Time-reversal detection of multidimensional signals in underwater acoustic. IEEE J.Oceanic Eng., 2011; 36(1):61-71
2 Li C X, Lu H C, Guo M F et al. Decomposition of the time reversal operator for target detection. Math. Prob. Eng.,2012:597474
3 Pan X, Li C X, Xu Y X et al. Combination of timereversal focusing and nulling for detection of small targets in strong reverberation environments. IET Radar Sonar Navig., 2014; 8(1):9-16
4 Philippe F D, Prada C, Clorennec D et al. Construction of the temporal invariants of the time-reversal operator. J.Acoust. Soc. Am., 2009; 126(1):EL8-EL13
5 Yavuz M E, Teixeira F L. Space-frequency ultrawideband time-reversal imaging. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2008; 46(4):1115-1124
6 LI Jianlong, PAN Xiang. A Bayesian approach to matched field processing in uncertain ocean environments. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2008; 27(4):358-367
7 LI Qianqian, LI Zhenglin, ZHANG Renhe. Bayesian localization in an uncertain ocean environment. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2016; 35(1):71-83
8 QI Yubo, ZHOU Shihong, REN Yun, WANG Dejun, LIU Jianjun, FENG Xiqiang. Passive source range estimation with a single receiver in shallow water. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2015; 34(1):1-14
9 李国富,黎洁,高大治,王宁.利用环境噪声互相关实现散射体无源成像.声学学报,2016; 41(1):49-58
10 Yu Z B, Zhao H F, Gong X Y et al. Time-reversal mirrorvirtual source array method for acoustic imaging of proud and buried targets. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2016; 41(2):382-394
11 郭国强,杨益新,孙超.一种基于模态提取的深度和距离可变的时反聚焦方法.声学学报,2010; 35(4):403-413
12 李建龙,祝恒年,赵航芳等.基于时反算子分解的时反高分辨率定位技术研究.声学学报,2009; 34(1):60-66
13 Marengo E A, Gruber F K, Simonetti F. Time-reversal MUSIC imaging of extended targets. IEEE Trans. Imaging Process., 2007; 16(8):1967-1983
14 Gaumond C F, Fromm D M, Lingevitch J F et al. Demonstration at sea of the decomposition-of-the-time-reversaloperator. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2006; 119(2):976-990
15 Kim S, Edelmann G F, Kuperman W A et al. Spatial resolution of time reversal arrays in shallow water. J. Acoust.Soc. Am., 2001; 110(2):820-829
16 Chambers D H, Berryman J G. Target characterization using decomposition of the time-reversal operator:electromagnetic scattering from small ellipsoids. Inverse Prob.,2006; 22:2145-2163
17 Minonzio J G, Prada C, Chambers D et al. Characterization of subwavelength elastic cylinders with decomposition of the time-reversal operator:Theory and experiment. J.Acoust. Soc. Am., 2005; 117(2):789-798
18 Abduljabbar A M, Yavuz M E, Costen F et al. Frequency dispersion compensation through variable window utilization in time-reversal techniques for electromagnetic waves.IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2016; 64(8):3636-3639
19 Prada C, Rosny J, Clorennec D et al. Experimental detection and focusing in shallow water by decomposition of the time reversal operator. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2007;122(2):761-768
20 Choi H, Ogawa Y, Nishimura T et al Time-reversal MUSIC imaging with time-domain gating technique. IEICE Trans. Commun., 2012; E95-B(7):2377-2385
21 Yavuz M E, Teixeira F L. Full time-domain DORT for ultrawideband electromagnetic fields in dispersive, random inhomogeneous media. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,2006; 54(8):2305-2315
22 Zhong X M, Liao C, Lin W B. Space-frequency decomposition and time-reversal imaging. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2015; 63(12):5619-5628
23 Bahrami S, Cheldavi A, Abdolali A. Ultrawideband timereversal imaging with frequency domain sampling. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2014; 11(3):597-601
24 韩闯,于树华,时胜国等.基于水平阵的柱面声源高分辨时反聚焦定位方法.振动与冲击,2015; 34(22):92-97
25 生学莉,芦嘉,凌青等.多基地空时码探测信号设计及时反相关检测技术.物理学报,2014; 63(5):054303
26 李春晓,郭明飞,王忠康.宽带扩展性目标时反算子分解成像.声学学报,2018; 43(2):145-153
27 Fishler E, Haimovich A, Blum R S et al. Spatial diversity in radars-models and detection performance. IEEE Trans.Signal Process, 2006; 54(3):823-838
28 Devaney A J, Marengo E A, Gruber F K. Time-reversalbased imaging and inverse scattering of multiply scattering point targets. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2005; 118(5):3129-3138
29 Prada C, Manneville S, Spoliansky D et al. Decomposition of the time reversal operator:Detection and selective focusing on two scatterers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1996;99(4):2067-2076
30 杨崇林,姚蓝.水下髙速小目标探测中的信号波形设计研究.声学学报,2001; 26(5):389-394
31 Alfaro Vigo D G, Fouque J P, Garnier J et al. Robustness of time reversal for waves in time-dependent random media. Stochastic Processes Appl., 2004; 113(2):289-313
32 Papanicolaou G, Ryzhik L, S?LNA K. Statistical stability in time reversal. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 2004; 64(4):1133-1155
33 Folegot T, Prada C, Fink M. Resolution enhancement and separation of reverberation from target echo with the time reversal operator decomposition. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.,2003; 113(6):3155-3160
34 Porter M B. The KRAKEN normal mode program.SACLANTCEN Memorandum SM-245, 1991
2 Li C X, Lu H C, Guo M F et al. Decomposition of the time reversal operator for target detection. Math. Prob. Eng.,2012:597474
3 Pan X, Li C X, Xu Y X et al. Combination of timereversal focusing and nulling for detection of small targets in strong reverberation environments. IET Radar Sonar Navig., 2014; 8(1):9-16
4 Philippe F D, Prada C, Clorennec D et al. Construction of the temporal invariants of the time-reversal operator. J.Acoust. Soc. Am., 2009; 126(1):EL8-EL13
5 Yavuz M E, Teixeira F L. Space-frequency ultrawideband time-reversal imaging. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2008; 46(4):1115-1124
6 LI Jianlong, PAN Xiang. A Bayesian approach to matched field processing in uncertain ocean environments. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2008; 27(4):358-367
7 LI Qianqian, LI Zhenglin, ZHANG Renhe. Bayesian localization in an uncertain ocean environment. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2016; 35(1):71-83
8 QI Yubo, ZHOU Shihong, REN Yun, WANG Dejun, LIU Jianjun, FENG Xiqiang. Passive source range estimation with a single receiver in shallow water. Chinese Journal of Acoustics, 2015; 34(1):1-14
9 李国富,黎洁,高大治,王宁.利用环境噪声互相关实现散射体无源成像.声学学报,2016; 41(1):49-58
10 Yu Z B, Zhao H F, Gong X Y et al. Time-reversal mirrorvirtual source array method for acoustic imaging of proud and buried targets. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2016; 41(2):382-394
11 郭国强,杨益新,孙超.一种基于模态提取的深度和距离可变的时反聚焦方法.声学学报,2010; 35(4):403-413
12 李建龙,祝恒年,赵航芳等.基于时反算子分解的时反高分辨率定位技术研究.声学学报,2009; 34(1):60-66
13 Marengo E A, Gruber F K, Simonetti F. Time-reversal MUSIC imaging of extended targets. IEEE Trans. Imaging Process., 2007; 16(8):1967-1983
14 Gaumond C F, Fromm D M, Lingevitch J F et al. Demonstration at sea of the decomposition-of-the-time-reversaloperator. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2006; 119(2):976-990
15 Kim S, Edelmann G F, Kuperman W A et al. Spatial resolution of time reversal arrays in shallow water. J. Acoust.Soc. Am., 2001; 110(2):820-829
16 Chambers D H, Berryman J G. Target characterization using decomposition of the time-reversal operator:electromagnetic scattering from small ellipsoids. Inverse Prob.,2006; 22:2145-2163
17 Minonzio J G, Prada C, Chambers D et al. Characterization of subwavelength elastic cylinders with decomposition of the time-reversal operator:Theory and experiment. J.Acoust. Soc. Am., 2005; 117(2):789-798
18 Abduljabbar A M, Yavuz M E, Costen F et al. Frequency dispersion compensation through variable window utilization in time-reversal techniques for electromagnetic waves.IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2016; 64(8):3636-3639
19 Prada C, Rosny J, Clorennec D et al. Experimental detection and focusing in shallow water by decomposition of the time reversal operator. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2007;122(2):761-768
20 Choi H, Ogawa Y, Nishimura T et al Time-reversal MUSIC imaging with time-domain gating technique. IEICE Trans. Commun., 2012; E95-B(7):2377-2385
21 Yavuz M E, Teixeira F L. Full time-domain DORT for ultrawideband electromagnetic fields in dispersive, random inhomogeneous media. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,2006; 54(8):2305-2315
22 Zhong X M, Liao C, Lin W B. Space-frequency decomposition and time-reversal imaging. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2015; 63(12):5619-5628
23 Bahrami S, Cheldavi A, Abdolali A. Ultrawideband timereversal imaging with frequency domain sampling. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2014; 11(3):597-601
24 韩闯,于树华,时胜国等.基于水平阵的柱面声源高分辨时反聚焦定位方法.振动与冲击,2015; 34(22):92-97
25 生学莉,芦嘉,凌青等.多基地空时码探测信号设计及时反相关检测技术.物理学报,2014; 63(5):054303
26 李春晓,郭明飞,王忠康.宽带扩展性目标时反算子分解成像.声学学报,2018; 43(2):145-153
27 Fishler E, Haimovich A, Blum R S et al. Spatial diversity in radars-models and detection performance. IEEE Trans.Signal Process, 2006; 54(3):823-838
28 Devaney A J, Marengo E A, Gruber F K. Time-reversalbased imaging and inverse scattering of multiply scattering point targets. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2005; 118(5):3129-3138
29 Prada C, Manneville S, Spoliansky D et al. Decomposition of the time reversal operator:Detection and selective focusing on two scatterers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1996;99(4):2067-2076
30 杨崇林,姚蓝.水下髙速小目标探测中的信号波形设计研究.声学学报,2001; 26(5):389-394
31 Alfaro Vigo D G, Fouque J P, Garnier J et al. Robustness of time reversal for waves in time-dependent random media. Stochastic Processes Appl., 2004; 113(2):289-313
32 Papanicolaou G, Ryzhik L, S?LNA K. Statistical stability in time reversal. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 2004; 64(4):1133-1155
33 Folegot T, Prada C, Fink M. Resolution enhancement and separation of reverberation from target echo with the time reversal operator decomposition. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.,2003; 113(6):3155-3160
34 Porter M B. The KRAKEN normal mode program.SACLANTCEN Memorandum SM-245, 1991