游离亚硝酸预处理对剩余污泥电解及微生物群落结构的影响
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摘要
为打破传统厌氧发酵周期长,有机质利用率低等瓶颈,增强污泥的资源利用和能源回收,探讨了游离亚硝酸(FNA)预处理对剩余污泥电解效果及微生物群落的影响.对比分析了FNA预处理前后剩余污泥在微生物电解池(MEC)中的电流和氢气产生、溶解性有机物和挥发酸的释放和利用及功能菌群的变化情况.结果表明,FNA预处理能有效地促进剩余污泥在MEC系统中的水解和酸化,其溶解性糖类、蛋白和挥发酸的含量远高于未预处理组,进而促进了水解发酵菌、产电菌及反硝化菌的生长和富集,最终挥发酸利用率均在97%以上,表现为电流(1.9mA)和氢气(0.86mL/gVSS)的增强,分别是空白组的3.8倍和5.1倍.
It is a major bottleneck as efficient energy recovery from waste activated sludge(WAS) often require long treatment time during traditional anaerobic fermentation. In order to further enhance the resource utilization efficiency and shorten the treatment time, bio-eletrolysis, i.e., microbial electrolysis cells(MECs), assisted with free nitrous acid(FNA) was employed for WAS treatment in this study. The performance of current and hydrogen generation during bio-eletrolysis from FNA-treated WAS was compared with that obtained from un-pretreated sludge. FNA significantly boosted the hydrolysis and acidification of WAS in MECs, in detail, the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, proteins and volatile fatty acids(VFAs) were much higher than that of un-pretreated sludge. The utilization efficiency of VFAs was higher than 97% in the MEC-FNA test with the increase of current(1.9 mA) and hydrogen yield(0.86 mL/g VSS), which were 3.8 and 5.1 folds higher than that in the control. What's more, pyrosequencing revealed that the abundance of anaerobic fermentation bacteria, electrochemically active bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria were notably enhanced.
It is a major bottleneck as efficient energy recovery from waste activated sludge(WAS) often require long treatment time during traditional anaerobic fermentation. In order to further enhance the resource utilization efficiency and shorten the treatment time, bio-eletrolysis, i.e., microbial electrolysis cells(MECs), assisted with free nitrous acid(FNA) was employed for WAS treatment in this study. The performance of current and hydrogen generation during bio-eletrolysis from FNA-treated WAS was compared with that obtained from un-pretreated sludge. FNA significantly boosted the hydrolysis and acidification of WAS in MECs, in detail, the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, proteins and volatile fatty acids(VFAs) were much higher than that of un-pretreated sludge. The utilization efficiency of VFAs was higher than 97% in the MEC-FNA test with the increase of current(1.9 mA) and hydrogen yield(0.86 mL/g VSS), which were 3.8 and 5.1 folds higher than that in the control. What's more, pyrosequencing revealed that the abundance of anaerobic fermentation bacteria, electrochemically active bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria were notably enhanced.
引文
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[21]李志亮.基于亚氧化钛电极的单室微生物燃料电池产电性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.Li Z L.Effect of titanium suboxide electrode on electricity generation in air single-chamber microbial fuel cell[D].Xi’an:Chang'an University,2017.
[22]Liu Z,Zhou A,Zhang J,et al.Hydrogen Recovery from Waste Activated Sludge:Role of Free Nitrous Acid in a PrefermentationMicrobial Electrolysis Cells System[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2018,6(3):3870-3878.
[23]杨春雪.嗜热菌强化剩余污泥水解及短链脂肪酸积累规律研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Yang C X.Enhanced effects of thermophiles on waste activated sludge hydrolysis and short-chain fatty acids production[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.
[24]雷晓芬.同步硝化反硝化与反硝化除磷耦合强化脱氮除磷研究[D].南京:东南大学,2013.Lei X F.Research on the combination of SND and denitrifying dephosphatation for enhanced denitrification and phosphorus removal[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2013.
[25]郑贤虹.微生物电化学系统强化废水生物脱氮的工艺研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2017.Zheng X H.Technical study on enhancement of biological denitrification in wastewater by microbial electrochemical system[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University,2017.
[26]Kato S,Haruta S,Cui Z J,et al.Clostridium straminisolvens sp.nov.,a moderately thermophilic,aerotolerant and cellulolytic bacterium isolated from a cellulose-degrading bacterial community[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54(6):2043-2047.
[27]Zhang Y C,Jiang Z H,Liu Y.Application of electrochemically active bacteria as anodic biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2015,43(1):155-163.
[2]Wang Q,Jiang G,Ye L,et al.Enhancing methane production from waste activated sludge using combined free nitrous acid and heat pre-treatment[J].Water Research,2014,63:71-80.
[3]金宝丹,王淑莹,邢立群,等.不同发酵方式对污泥厌氧发酵性能的影响及其发酵液利用[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2079-2089.Jin B D,Wang S Y,Xing L Q,et al.The effect of different fermentation methods on the sludge anaerobic fermentation performance and the utilization of fermentation liquor[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2079-2089.
[4]委燕,王淑莹,马斌,等.游离亚硝酸预处理强化剩余污泥发酵同步反硝化性能[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):742-747.Wei Y,Wang S Y,Ma B,et al.Free nitrous acid pretreatment enhances performance of waste activated sludge anoxic fermentation and denitrification system[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):742-747.
[5]徐雪芹,李小兰,黄善松,等.游离亚硝酸预处理强化剩余污泥和烟草废物共消化产甲烷[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3423-3430.Xu X Q,Li X L,Huang S S,et al.Free nitrite pretreatment enhanced methane production from co-digestion of waste activated sludge and tobacco waste[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3423-3430.
[6]Sun R,Xing D,Jia J,et al.Methane production and microbial community structure for alkaline pretreated waste activated sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169:496-501.
[7]Cheng S,Logan BE.Sustainable and efficient biohydrogen production via electrohydrogenesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104(47):18871-18873.
[8]Logan BE,Call D,Cheng S,et al.Microbial electrolysis cells for high yield hydrogen gas production from organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(23):8630-8640.
[9]Call D,Logan BE.Hydrogen production in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell lacking a membrane[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(9):3401-3406.
[10]Cai W,Liu W,Cui D,et al.Hydrogen production from buffer-free anaerobic fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge using microbial electrolysis system[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(45):38769-38773.
[11]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.Nation Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[12]Liu W,Huang S,Zhou A,et al.Hydrogen generation in microbial electrolysis cell feeding with fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(18):13859-13864.
[13]Lu L,Xing D,Liu B,et al.Enhanced hydrogen production from waste activated sludge by cascade utilization of organic matter in microbial electrolysis cells[J].Water Research,2011,46(4):1015-1026.
[14]Li X,Zhao J,Wang D,et al.An efficient and green pretreatment to stimulate short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation using free nitrous acid[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:160-167.
[15]Wu J,Yang Q,Luo W,et al.Role of free nitrous acid in the pretreatment of waste activated sludge:Extracellular polymeric substances disruption or cells lysis?[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,336:28-37.
[16]Sun R,Zhou A,Jia J,et al.Characterization of methane production and microbial community shifts during waste activated sludge degradation in microbial electrolysis cells[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,175C:68-74.
[17]Ma X,Wang Y,Zhou S,et al.Endogenous metabolism of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in response to short-term anaerobic and anoxic starvation stress[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:1233-1241.
[18]Lu L,Xing D,Ren N.Pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse microbial communities in microbial electrolysis cells involved in enhanced H2 production from waste activated sludge[J].Water Research,2012,46(7):2425-2434.
[19]温凯丽.酿造废弃物碳氮调质强化污泥厌氧发酵产酸及微生物群落结构分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.Wen K L.VFAs bio-production from waste activated sludge fermentation stimulated by brewing wastes carbon/nitrogen conditioning:mechanism research and microbial community analysis[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2017.
[20]Rui S,Zhou A,Jia J,et al.Characterization of methane production and microbial community shifts during waste activated sludge degradation in microbial electrolysis cells[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,175(6):68-74.
[21]李志亮.基于亚氧化钛电极的单室微生物燃料电池产电性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.Li Z L.Effect of titanium suboxide electrode on electricity generation in air single-chamber microbial fuel cell[D].Xi’an:Chang'an University,2017.
[22]Liu Z,Zhou A,Zhang J,et al.Hydrogen Recovery from Waste Activated Sludge:Role of Free Nitrous Acid in a PrefermentationMicrobial Electrolysis Cells System[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2018,6(3):3870-3878.
[23]杨春雪.嗜热菌强化剩余污泥水解及短链脂肪酸积累规律研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Yang C X.Enhanced effects of thermophiles on waste activated sludge hydrolysis and short-chain fatty acids production[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.
[24]雷晓芬.同步硝化反硝化与反硝化除磷耦合强化脱氮除磷研究[D].南京:东南大学,2013.Lei X F.Research on the combination of SND and denitrifying dephosphatation for enhanced denitrification and phosphorus removal[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2013.
[25]郑贤虹.微生物电化学系统强化废水生物脱氮的工艺研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2017.Zheng X H.Technical study on enhancement of biological denitrification in wastewater by microbial electrochemical system[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University,2017.
[26]Kato S,Haruta S,Cui Z J,et al.Clostridium straminisolvens sp.nov.,a moderately thermophilic,aerotolerant and cellulolytic bacterium isolated from a cellulose-degrading bacterial community[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2004,54(6):2043-2047.
[27]Zhang Y C,Jiang Z H,Liu Y.Application of electrochemically active bacteria as anodic biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2015,43(1):155-163.