海鲜菇渣复合基质对黄瓜生长、果实品质和产量的影响
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摘要
以津福99号黄瓜为供试材料,选用海鲜菇渣、珍珠岩、蛭石、树皮为栽培基质,在薄膜温室内,研究10种不同基质配比对黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明,利用海鲜菇渣进行黄瓜栽培在生产上完全可行,随着海鲜菇渣使用比例的增加,黄瓜栽培效果呈现下降趋势,且与珍珠岩搭配效果优于树皮基质。综合考虑黄瓜的生长指标、果实产量、果实品质以及基质成本的多方面指标,得出海鲜菇渣在黄瓜栽培应用上最佳的使用比例为33%,海鲜菇渣∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶1∶1为黄瓜栽培的最佳复合基质配方。将海鲜菇渣作为基质进行开发,不仅能够解决目前大量堆积造成的环境污染,还能够降低基质成本,实现农业的可持续发展。
The effects of ten different substrate combinations based on the residue of Hypsizygus marmoreus, perlite, vermiculite and tree bark on cucumber growth in film greenhouse were studied using Jinfu 99 cucumber as the test material. The results showed that it was feasible to use the residue of H. marmoreus for cucumber cultivation. With the increase of the proportion of the residue of H. marmoreus, the cultivation effect of cucumber showed a downward trend, and the effect with perlite was better than that of tree bark. The growth index, fruit yield, fruit quality and substrate cost of cucumber were comprehensively considered, and the best use proportion of the residue of H. marmoreus in cucumber cultivation was 33%. The best combination of the residue of H. marmoreus∶perlite ∶vermiculite was 1∶1∶1 for cucumber cultivation. The development of the residue of H. marmoreusas substrate could not only solve the environmental pollution caused by a large amount of accumulation at present, but also reduce the substrate cost and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
The effects of ten different substrate combinations based on the residue of Hypsizygus marmoreus, perlite, vermiculite and tree bark on cucumber growth in film greenhouse were studied using Jinfu 99 cucumber as the test material. The results showed that it was feasible to use the residue of H. marmoreus for cucumber cultivation. With the increase of the proportion of the residue of H. marmoreus, the cultivation effect of cucumber showed a downward trend, and the effect with perlite was better than that of tree bark. The growth index, fruit yield, fruit quality and substrate cost of cucumber were comprehensively considered, and the best use proportion of the residue of H. marmoreus in cucumber cultivation was 33%. The best combination of the residue of H. marmoreus∶perlite ∶vermiculite was 1∶1∶1 for cucumber cultivation. The development of the residue of H. marmoreusas substrate could not only solve the environmental pollution caused by a large amount of accumulation at present, but also reduce the substrate cost and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
引文
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[22]刘晓英,徐文栋,焦学磊,等.不同配比红蓝LED光对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2016,25(2):80-84.
[23]杨文平,胡喜巧.氮肥对蔬菜Vc和硝酸盐含量影响的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(22):5924-5925.
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[25]吴敬才,郑回勇,林琼,等.智能温室基质栽培不同品种番茄和草莓硝酸盐残留的分析[J].福建农业学报, 2016,31(3):260-264.
[26]焦娟,谷端银,刘中良,等.菌渣基质配方对设施番茄生长、光合特性和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(1):34-39.
[2]毛进祥,杨环高,陈刘杰.食用菌菌渣利用研究现状[J].农业开发与装备, 2014(7):54.
[3]王峥,郭益鸿.食用菌废料的综合利用[J].农业技术与装备, 2013(8):17-18.
[4]万水霞,朱宏赋.食用菌菌渣的综合利用研究[J].园艺与种苗, 2011(6):12-14.
[5]段彦丹,樊力强,吴志刚,等.蔬菜无土栽培现状及发展前景[J].北方园艺, 2008(8):63-65.
[6]王文杰.无土栽培基质的研究进展与展望[J].中国农技推广, 2009(6):38-40.
[7]Abad M, Noguera P, Bures S. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production:case study in Spain[J]. Bioresource Technology,2001, 77:197-200.
[8]胡文超.不同粒径花生壳添加湿润剂和营养液在黄瓜育苗中的应用[D].郑州:河南农业大学, 2007.
[9]王卫平,洪春来,姚燕来,等.菇渣基质对黄瓜栽培的效果研究[J].安徽农业科学, 2015, 43(9):49-50.
[10]钟孝云,李先芝.菇渣基质对黄瓜栽培的效果分析[J].栽培技术, 2016(34):73-74.
[11]金静,郑奕,刘士辉,等.食用菌菌渣在黄瓜无土栽培中的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8121-8122.
[12]王涛,陈艺群,张开畅,等.海鲜菇渣复合基质在茄子育苗上的应用分析[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(1):38-44.
[13]陈贻钊,谢宇,赵依杰,等.海鲜菇菇渣复合红泥土基质对西瓜育苗的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(6):1016-1021.
[14]付为国,李萍萍,王纪章.不同肥水调控下醋糟菇渣在黄瓜栽培中的优化配比研究[J].农业现代化研究,2010(11):762-765.
[15]王晶英,敖红,张杰,等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北农业大学出版社, 2003:108-111.
[16]华东师范大学生物系.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1980:143-144.
[17]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:278-279.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001:123-124.
[19]李静,赵秀兰,魏世强,等.无公害蔬菜无土栽培基质理化特性研究[J].西南农业大学学报, 2000(2):112-115.
[20]曹红星.黄瓜无土栽培有机基质配方和肥料筛选研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2005.
[21]魏启舜,赵荷娟,周影,等.不同配比菇渣基质对草莓植株营养生长的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(5):97-101.
[22]刘晓英,徐文栋,焦学磊,等.不同配比红蓝LED光对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2016,25(2):80-84.
[23]杨文平,胡喜巧.氮肥对蔬菜Vc和硝酸盐含量影响的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(22):5924-5925.
[24]范荣辉,李岩,杨辰海.蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的安全标准及减控策略[J].河北农业科学, 2008, 12(11):50-51.
[25]吴敬才,郑回勇,林琼,等.智能温室基质栽培不同品种番茄和草莓硝酸盐残留的分析[J].福建农业学报, 2016,31(3):260-264.
[26]焦娟,谷端银,刘中良,等.菌渣基质配方对设施番茄生长、光合特性和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(1):34-39.