钨钢研究进展
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摘要
钨钢具有良好的物理机械性能,优异的化学稳定性,因此被广泛应用于模具、切削刀具、无屑金属加工工具和耐磨结构零件,在机械、矿冶、建筑、军事、航空航天等领域中作为耐磨零件均发挥着重要作用.钨元素的加入会使钢基体的一些性能发生变化,从而获得所期望的物理机械性能和化学稳定性.文中介绍了钨元素对于钢(铁)基体的性能影响,钨钢的新品种及其应用,钨钢的主要制备方法和新的制备方法.
The tungsten steel is noted of its excellent physical & mechanical properties and superb chemical stability. As a result, it is widely used as dies, cutting tools, chipless metal processing tools and wear-resistant structural parts. Further, as wear-resistant parts, it plays an important role in the fields of machinery, mining and metallurgy, architecture, military affairs and aerospace. The addition of tungsten inside steel matrix improves the properties and achieves expected physical & mechanical properties and chemical stability. This paper introduces the new species of tungsten steel and its application, effect of tungsten element on properties of steel matrix or iron matrix, the main methods and new technology of producing tungsten steel.
The tungsten steel is noted of its excellent physical & mechanical properties and superb chemical stability. As a result, it is widely used as dies, cutting tools, chipless metal processing tools and wear-resistant structural parts. Further, as wear-resistant parts, it plays an important role in the fields of machinery, mining and metallurgy, architecture, military affairs and aerospace. The addition of tungsten inside steel matrix improves the properties and achieves expected physical & mechanical properties and chemical stability. This paper introduces the new species of tungsten steel and its application, effect of tungsten element on properties of steel matrix or iron matrix, the main methods and new technology of producing tungsten steel.
引文
[1]株洲硬质合金厂.钢结硬质合金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982.
[2]吴强,肖建中,崔昆,等.钢结硬质合金中的硬质相[J].材料科学与工程学报,1991(2):76-80.
[3]KURLOV A S,GUSEV A I.Tungsten carbides and WC phase diagram[J].Inorganic Materials,2006,42(2):121-127.
[4]李良福.钢结硬质合金在工业中的应用[J].硬质合金,2000,17(2):120-124.
[5]贾成厂,周武平.钨-熔点最高的稀有金属[J].金属世界,2012(06):11-15.
[6]PARK C J,KWON H S.Effects of aging at 475 C on corrosion properties of tungsten-containing duplex stainless steels[J].Corrosion Science,2002,44(12):2817-2830.
[7]李玉海,刘顺发.磷、钨对18Cr2Ni4WA曲轴钢冲击韧性的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2006,29(4):37-40.
[8]佘锋.硫和钨对低合金钢耐硫酸露点腐蚀性能的影响[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2012.
[9]MA M,HE C,CHEN L,et al.Effect of W and Ce additions on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of 444-type ferritic stainless steel[J].Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology,2018,53(3):199-205.
[10]童明伟.钼钨铌对耐火建筑钢组织和性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2007.
[11]李伟赫.新型钨钢复合材料的制备、微观组织及力学性能研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2016.
[12]金欣,周健,迟宏宵,等.钨对热锻模具钢一次碳化物形貌及冲击性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2018,43(3):35-39.
[13]邓想,崔宇.钨对抗磨耐热钢组织和性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2012,33(9):1037-1038.
[14]廖畅,李卫,刘晋珲,等.钨对高锰钢显微组织和冲击韧性的影响[J].铸造,2011,60(4):390-392.
[15]李骥.钨对超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN组织及性能的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[16]王鹏,刘凯.钨对贝氏体钢力学性能及氢脆敏感性的影响[J].金属热处理,2015,40(5):10-14.
[17]王煜明,金志浩,刘彩霞,等.钨对铁的原子键强度的影响[J].吉林大学自然科学学报,1960(2):97-98.
[18]尤显卿,黄曼平,郑玉春,等.电冶熔铸碳化钨钢结硬质合金的微观组织研究[J].矿冶工程,2003,23(2):87-90.
[19]MAZILKIN A,ABRAMOVA M M,ENIKEEV N A,et al.The effect of tungsten on microstructure and mechanical performance of an ultrafine Fe-Cr steel[J].Materials Letters,2018,227:292-295.
[20]ME BARKI L,ZIDANI M,BOUKHOBZA A,et al.Effect of the Proportion of Tungsten Element on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of(Fe3C-W-Ni)Sintered Alloy[C]//Diffusion Foundations.Trans Tech Publications,2018,18:35-40.
[21]潘树基.碳化钨钢结合金的应用[J].轴承,1983(5):27-28,63.
[22]谢磊强.浅谈钨钢在成形模具中的使用[J].模具制造,2015,15(3):73-75.
[23]沈建新.碳化钨钢结硬质合金在薄壁管引伸模具中的应用[J].仪器制造,1984(4):6-9.
[24]东莞市丹弗精密模具有限公司.一种钨钢碰数球:中国,CN201820410506.3[P].2018-11-02.
[25]江阴高峰医疗科技有限公司.一种新型钨钢车针:中国,CN201721502344.8[P].2018-12-21.
[26]崔毅.碳化钨钢结硬质合金制备与性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[27]冯可芹,杨屹,王一三,等.铁基复合材料的制备技术与展望[J].机械工程材料,2002,26(12):9-11,23.
[28]梅志,杨峰,严有为,等.原位合成TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的微观结构研究[J].材料工程,2000(6):16-19.
[29]KATTAMIS T Z,SUGANUMA T.Solidification processing and tribological behavior of particulate TiC-ferrous matrix composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1990,128(2):241-252.
[30]CLICHE G,DALLAIRE S.Synthesis of TiC and(Ti,W)C in solvent metals[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,148(2):319-328.
[31]严有为,魏伯康,傅正义,等.Fe-Ti-C熔体中TiC颗粒的原位合成及长大过程研究[J].金属学报,1999,35(9):909-912.
[32]范跃华,金云学,李为清.TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的研究[J].热处理,2007,22(5):37-39.
[33]张二林,朱兆军,曾松岩.自生颗粒增强钛基复合材料的研究进展[J].稀有金属,1999,23(6):436-442.
[34]王一三,张欣苑,李凤春,等.反应铸造生成Fe-TiC梯度表面复合材料的研究[J].热加工工艺,1999(4):13-15.
[35]郭志猛,杨蔓,蔡静,等.SHS制备钢结硬质合金[J].粉末冶金技术,2001,19(2):67-69.
[36]吴军,王成国,孙康宁.TiC弥散强化铁基合金粉末的研究[J].金属热处理学报,1996,17(4):57-60.
[37]崔毅.碳化钨钢结硬质合金制备与性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[38]郭庚辰液相粉末冶金材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2003.
[39]黄曼平,尤显卿,宋雪峰,等.电冶熔铸WC/钢复合材料组织及碳化物演变的研究[J].铸造技术,2007,28(8):1053-1058.
[40]吴玉增.复合电渣冶金法制造钢结硬质合金复合轧辊新工艺[J].冶金设备管理与维修,2007,25(3):46-47.
[41]Breval E,Cheng J P,Agrawal D K,et al.Comparison between microwave and conventional sintering of WC/Co composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2005,391(1-2):285-295.
[42]魏峥.微波烧结制备WC钢结硬质合金的组织及性能研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2012.
[43]MUNIR Z A,Anselmitamburini U,Ohyanagi M,et al.The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials:A review of the spark plasma sintering method[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(3):763-777.
[44]鲍瑞,易健宏.微波烧结技术在硬质合金制备中的应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(6):1544-1561.
[45]HUANG B.Bulk ultrafine binderless WC Prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].Scr Mater,2006,54(3):441-445.
[46]胡文琛,易兵.超细晶粒硬质合金材料[P].湖南:CN1718813,2006-01-11.
[47]蹇福全,何高风,于海.添加羰基铁粉提高铁基合金烧结密度的研究[J].粉末冶金技术,1994(4):278-281.
[48]余宗森.稀土在钢铁中应用研究的新进展[J].中国稀土学报,1990,8(3):269-276.
[49]熊拥军,李溪滨,赵福安.钢结硬质合金材料的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2005,22(2):121-124.
[2]吴强,肖建中,崔昆,等.钢结硬质合金中的硬质相[J].材料科学与工程学报,1991(2):76-80.
[3]KURLOV A S,GUSEV A I.Tungsten carbides and WC phase diagram[J].Inorganic Materials,2006,42(2):121-127.
[4]李良福.钢结硬质合金在工业中的应用[J].硬质合金,2000,17(2):120-124.
[5]贾成厂,周武平.钨-熔点最高的稀有金属[J].金属世界,2012(06):11-15.
[6]PARK C J,KWON H S.Effects of aging at 475 C on corrosion properties of tungsten-containing duplex stainless steels[J].Corrosion Science,2002,44(12):2817-2830.
[7]李玉海,刘顺发.磷、钨对18Cr2Ni4WA曲轴钢冲击韧性的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2006,29(4):37-40.
[8]佘锋.硫和钨对低合金钢耐硫酸露点腐蚀性能的影响[D].北京:钢铁研究总院,2012.
[9]MA M,HE C,CHEN L,et al.Effect of W and Ce additions on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of 444-type ferritic stainless steel[J].Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology,2018,53(3):199-205.
[10]童明伟.钼钨铌对耐火建筑钢组织和性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2007.
[11]李伟赫.新型钨钢复合材料的制备、微观组织及力学性能研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2016.
[12]金欣,周健,迟宏宵,等.钨对热锻模具钢一次碳化物形貌及冲击性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2018,43(3):35-39.
[13]邓想,崔宇.钨对抗磨耐热钢组织和性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2012,33(9):1037-1038.
[14]廖畅,李卫,刘晋珲,等.钨对高锰钢显微组织和冲击韧性的影响[J].铸造,2011,60(4):390-392.
[15]李骥.钨对超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN组织及性能的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[16]王鹏,刘凯.钨对贝氏体钢力学性能及氢脆敏感性的影响[J].金属热处理,2015,40(5):10-14.
[17]王煜明,金志浩,刘彩霞,等.钨对铁的原子键强度的影响[J].吉林大学自然科学学报,1960(2):97-98.
[18]尤显卿,黄曼平,郑玉春,等.电冶熔铸碳化钨钢结硬质合金的微观组织研究[J].矿冶工程,2003,23(2):87-90.
[19]MAZILKIN A,ABRAMOVA M M,ENIKEEV N A,et al.The effect of tungsten on microstructure and mechanical performance of an ultrafine Fe-Cr steel[J].Materials Letters,2018,227:292-295.
[20]ME BARKI L,ZIDANI M,BOUKHOBZA A,et al.Effect of the Proportion of Tungsten Element on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of(Fe3C-W-Ni)Sintered Alloy[C]//Diffusion Foundations.Trans Tech Publications,2018,18:35-40.
[21]潘树基.碳化钨钢结合金的应用[J].轴承,1983(5):27-28,63.
[22]谢磊强.浅谈钨钢在成形模具中的使用[J].模具制造,2015,15(3):73-75.
[23]沈建新.碳化钨钢结硬质合金在薄壁管引伸模具中的应用[J].仪器制造,1984(4):6-9.
[24]东莞市丹弗精密模具有限公司.一种钨钢碰数球:中国,CN201820410506.3[P].2018-11-02.
[25]江阴高峰医疗科技有限公司.一种新型钨钢车针:中国,CN201721502344.8[P].2018-12-21.
[26]崔毅.碳化钨钢结硬质合金制备与性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[27]冯可芹,杨屹,王一三,等.铁基复合材料的制备技术与展望[J].机械工程材料,2002,26(12):9-11,23.
[28]梅志,杨峰,严有为,等.原位合成TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的微观结构研究[J].材料工程,2000(6):16-19.
[29]KATTAMIS T Z,SUGANUMA T.Solidification processing and tribological behavior of particulate TiC-ferrous matrix composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1990,128(2):241-252.
[30]CLICHE G,DALLAIRE S.Synthesis of TiC and(Ti,W)C in solvent metals[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1991,148(2):319-328.
[31]严有为,魏伯康,傅正义,等.Fe-Ti-C熔体中TiC颗粒的原位合成及长大过程研究[J].金属学报,1999,35(9):909-912.
[32]范跃华,金云学,李为清.TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的研究[J].热处理,2007,22(5):37-39.
[33]张二林,朱兆军,曾松岩.自生颗粒增强钛基复合材料的研究进展[J].稀有金属,1999,23(6):436-442.
[34]王一三,张欣苑,李凤春,等.反应铸造生成Fe-TiC梯度表面复合材料的研究[J].热加工工艺,1999(4):13-15.
[35]郭志猛,杨蔓,蔡静,等.SHS制备钢结硬质合金[J].粉末冶金技术,2001,19(2):67-69.
[36]吴军,王成国,孙康宁.TiC弥散强化铁基合金粉末的研究[J].金属热处理学报,1996,17(4):57-60.
[37]崔毅.碳化钨钢结硬质合金制备与性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2008.
[38]郭庚辰液相粉末冶金材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2003.
[39]黄曼平,尤显卿,宋雪峰,等.电冶熔铸WC/钢复合材料组织及碳化物演变的研究[J].铸造技术,2007,28(8):1053-1058.
[40]吴玉增.复合电渣冶金法制造钢结硬质合金复合轧辊新工艺[J].冶金设备管理与维修,2007,25(3):46-47.
[41]Breval E,Cheng J P,Agrawal D K,et al.Comparison between microwave and conventional sintering of WC/Co composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2005,391(1-2):285-295.
[42]魏峥.微波烧结制备WC钢结硬质合金的组织及性能研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2012.
[43]MUNIR Z A,Anselmitamburini U,Ohyanagi M,et al.The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials:A review of the spark plasma sintering method[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(3):763-777.
[44]鲍瑞,易健宏.微波烧结技术在硬质合金制备中的应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(6):1544-1561.
[45]HUANG B.Bulk ultrafine binderless WC Prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].Scr Mater,2006,54(3):441-445.
[46]胡文琛,易兵.超细晶粒硬质合金材料[P].湖南:CN1718813,2006-01-11.
[47]蹇福全,何高风,于海.添加羰基铁粉提高铁基合金烧结密度的研究[J].粉末冶金技术,1994(4):278-281.
[48]余宗森.稀土在钢铁中应用研究的新进展[J].中国稀土学报,1990,8(3):269-276.
[49]熊拥军,李溪滨,赵福安.钢结硬质合金材料的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2005,22(2):121-124.