安太堡露天煤矿复垦地不同植被类型下草本植物群落优势种种间关联
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摘要
为探明煤矿复垦地不同植被类型下草本植物群落优势种种间关系和生态位特征,采用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数、生态位宽度与重叠指数,研究安太堡露天煤矿复垦地不同植被类型下草本植物群落13个优势种的种间关系和生态位.结果显示,13个优势种的78个种对中,3种检验方法的正负关联比分别为37.2%、28.2%和32.1%;优势种冰草/披碱草/紫花苜蓿与西北针茅、披碱草与白榆幼苗/紫花苜蓿呈正相关;13个优势种划分为3个生态种组,导致其生态种组分化的主导因子是土壤水分;13个优势种的生态位宽度与重要值呈显著正相关,而其生态位宽度与重叠之间不存在直接的线性关系.综上表明,安太堡露天煤矿复垦地不同植被类型下草本植物群落种间联结较为松散,优势种冰草/披碱草/紫花苜蓿与西北针茅、披碱草与白榆幼苗/紫花苜蓿可用于该矿区植被恢复的优选先锋草本植物种进行混合种植.
The interspecific associations and niche characteristics of dominant herbaceous plants under different plantations on reclaimed dumps in the Antaibao opencast mine were elucidated by investigating the interspecific associations and ecological niche among 13 dominant herbaceous species under different plantations by using χ2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, niche breadth, and overlap indices. The results showed that, among 78 species pairs of the 13 dominant herbaceous species, the positive and negative correlation ratio according to χ2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation were 37.2%, 28.2%, and 32.1%, respectively; the dominant species pairs of Agropyron cristatum/Elymus dahuricus/Medicago sativa and Stipa sareptana as well as Elymus dahuricus and Ulmus pumila(seedling)/Medicago sativa showed positive correlations. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, the 13 dominant species were classified into 3 ecological species groups, with soil moisture being the key factor responsible for the differentiation of these species groups. The niche breadths of the 13 dominant herbaceous species were positively correlated with the important value, whereas no direct linear relationship was noted between their niche breadth and overlap. In summary, interspecific associations of most species pairs among herbaceous plants under different plantations in the Antaibao opencast mine were relatively loose. The dominant species pairs identified in this study could be used as preferred herbaceous plant species pairs for mixed planting in future waste dump revegetation in the Antaibao opencast mine.
The interspecific associations and niche characteristics of dominant herbaceous plants under different plantations on reclaimed dumps in the Antaibao opencast mine were elucidated by investigating the interspecific associations and ecological niche among 13 dominant herbaceous species under different plantations by using χ2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, niche breadth, and overlap indices. The results showed that, among 78 species pairs of the 13 dominant herbaceous species, the positive and negative correlation ratio according to χ2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation were 37.2%, 28.2%, and 32.1%, respectively; the dominant species pairs of Agropyron cristatum/Elymus dahuricus/Medicago sativa and Stipa sareptana as well as Elymus dahuricus and Ulmus pumila(seedling)/Medicago sativa showed positive correlations. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, the 13 dominant species were classified into 3 ecological species groups, with soil moisture being the key factor responsible for the differentiation of these species groups. The niche breadths of the 13 dominant herbaceous species were positively correlated with the important value, whereas no direct linear relationship was noted between their niche breadth and overlap. In summary, interspecific associations of most species pairs among herbaceous plants under different plantations in the Antaibao opencast mine were relatively loose. The dominant species pairs identified in this study could be used as preferred herbaceous plant species pairs for mixed planting in future waste dump revegetation in the Antaibao opencast mine.
引文
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10 郭逍宇,张金屯,宫辉力,张桂莲.安太堡矿区复垦地植被种间关系及土壤因子分析[J].生物多样性,2007,15(1):46-52[Guo XY,Zhang JT,Gong HL,Zhang GL.Interspecific associations of restored vegetation and related soil factors in Antaibao mine,Shanxi[J].Biodiv Sci,2007,15(1):46-52]
11 原野,赵中秋,白中科,王怀泉,徐志果,牛姝烨.安太堡露天煤矿不同复垦模式下草本植物优势种生态位[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3215-3222[Yuan Y,Zhao ZQ,Bai ZK,Wang HQ Xu ZG,Niu SY.Niche characteristies of dominant herbaceous species under different land reclamation patterns in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine[J].Chin J Ecol,2016,35(12):3215-3222]
12 Li SQ,Di XY,Wu DM,Zhang JT.Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandonedopencast mining areas in Shanxi,China[J].Environ Earth Sci,2013,70(7):3323-3333
13 张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2004[Zhang JT,Quantitative Vegetation Ecology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,2004]
14 郭俊兵,狄晓艳,李素清.山西大同矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3327-3332[Guo JB,Di XY,Li SQ.Interspecific associations among dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Datong mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(12):27-3322]
15 Liu LT,Wang XD,Wen Q,Jia QQ,Liu QJ.Interspecific associations of plant populations in rare earth mining wasteland in southern China[J].Int Biodeter Biodegr,2017,118:8-88
16 Pianka ER.The structure of lizard communities[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1973,4:53-74
17 李木楠,李志娟,李素清,Karsten Liber.山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(6):1143-1149[Li MN,Li ZJ,Li SQ,Karsten Liber.Interspecific association of dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Yangquan mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2015,21(6):1143-1149]
18 孙澜,苏智先,严贤春,张素兰.金城山植物群落优势种群的种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(3):314-318[Sun L,Su ZX,Yan XC,Zhang SL.Interspecific relations of the dominant plant populations at Mt.Jincheng[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2008,14(3):314-318]
19 庞春花,范晓,张峰,倪瑞军,冯晓佳,马晓波.不同资源维度上汾河流域下游优势种的生态位[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):380-386[Pang CH,Fan X,Zhang F,Ni RJ,Feng XJ,Ma XB.The niches of dominant species in different resource dimensions in the lower reaches of fenhe river,Shanxi province of China[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(2):380-386]
2 钟宇,张健,杨万勤,吴忠福,冯茂松,刘泉波.巨桉人工林草本层优势种的种间关系及生态种组的划分[J].草业学报,2010,19(3):56-62[Zhong Y,Zhang J,Yang WQ,Wu ZF,Fen MS,Liu QB.Interspecific relationships and ecological species groups of dominant herbage species in Eucalyptus grandis plantation[J].Acta Pratac Sin,2010,19(3):56-62]
3 韩锦涛,李素清,赵德怀,Karsten Liber.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种种间关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(12):164-169[Hai JT,Li SQ,Zhao DH,Karsten Liber.Interspecific relationships among dominant species in the planted vegetation communities in sandy hill regions of northwester n Shanxi,China[J].J Arid Land Resour Environ,2016,30(12):164-169]
4 张明霞,王得祥,康冰,张岗岗,刘璞,杜焰玲,于飞.秦岭华山松天然次生林优势种群的种间联结性[J].林业科学,2015,51(1):12-21[Zhang MX,Wang DX,Kang B,Zhang GG,Liu P,Du YL,YF.Interspecific associations of dominant plant populations in secondary forest of Pinus armandii in Qinling Mountains[J].Sci Silv Sin,2015,51(1):12-21]
5 康永祥,康博文,岳军伟,梁宗锁,雷瑞德.陕北黄土高原辽东栎群落类型划分及其生态位特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4096-4105[Kang YX,Kang BW,Yue JW,Liang ZS,Lei RD.The classification of Quercus liaotungensis communities and their niche in Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(10):4096-4105]
6 岳建英,郭春燕,李晋川,卢宁,王翔,李倩冉.安太堡露天矿复垦区野生植物定居分析[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):399-409[Yue JY,Guo CY,Li JC,Lu N,Wang X,Li QR.Colonized wild plants in the reclamation area of the Antaibao opencast coal mine[J].Arid Zone Res,2016,33(2):399-409]
7 王丽媛,郭东罡,白中科.露天煤矿生态复垦区刺槐+油松混交林下草本植物组成及空间分布格局[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012 18(3):399-404[Wang LY,Guo DG,Bai ZK.Species composition and spatial pattern of understory herbaceous plants on an ecological rehabilitation site from open coal mining[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2012,18(3):399-404]
8 郝蓉,彭少麟,白中科,赵景逵,宋艳暾.黄土区大型露天煤矿废弃地植被恢复过程中的植被动态[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1470-1476[Hao R,Peng SL,Bai ZK,Zhao JK,Song YT.Vegetation dynamics during plant rehabilitation in degraded mined land of large opencast coal mine within loess area[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2003,23(8):1470-1476]
9 郭逍宇,张金屯,宫辉力,董志.安太堡矿区植被恢复过程主要种生态位梯度变化研究[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(12):2329-2334[G XY,Zhang JT,Gong HL Dong Z.A study on gradual change of the dominant species′niche in the process of vegetation restoration of Antaibao mine[J].Acta Bot Bor-Occid Sin,2004,24(12):2329-2334]
10 郭逍宇,张金屯,宫辉力,张桂莲.安太堡矿区复垦地植被种间关系及土壤因子分析[J].生物多样性,2007,15(1):46-52[Guo XY,Zhang JT,Gong HL,Zhang GL.Interspecific associations of restored vegetation and related soil factors in Antaibao mine,Shanxi[J].Biodiv Sci,2007,15(1):46-52]
11 原野,赵中秋,白中科,王怀泉,徐志果,牛姝烨.安太堡露天煤矿不同复垦模式下草本植物优势种生态位[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3215-3222[Yuan Y,Zhao ZQ,Bai ZK,Wang HQ Xu ZG,Niu SY.Niche characteristies of dominant herbaceous species under different land reclamation patterns in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine[J].Chin J Ecol,2016,35(12):3215-3222]
12 Li SQ,Di XY,Wu DM,Zhang JT.Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandonedopencast mining areas in Shanxi,China[J].Environ Earth Sci,2013,70(7):3323-3333
13 张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2004[Zhang JT,Quantitative Vegetation Ecology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,2004]
14 郭俊兵,狄晓艳,李素清.山西大同矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3327-3332[Guo JB,Di XY,Li SQ.Interspecific associations among dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Datong mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(12):27-3322]
15 Liu LT,Wang XD,Wen Q,Jia QQ,Liu QJ.Interspecific associations of plant populations in rare earth mining wasteland in southern China[J].Int Biodeter Biodegr,2017,118:8-88
16 Pianka ER.The structure of lizard communities[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1973,4:53-74
17 李木楠,李志娟,李素清,Karsten Liber.山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(6):1143-1149[Li MN,Li ZJ,Li SQ,Karsten Liber.Interspecific association of dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Yangquan mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2015,21(6):1143-1149]
18 孙澜,苏智先,严贤春,张素兰.金城山植物群落优势种群的种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(3):314-318[Sun L,Su ZX,Yan XC,Zhang SL.Interspecific relations of the dominant plant populations at Mt.Jincheng[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2008,14(3):314-318]
19 庞春花,范晓,张峰,倪瑞军,冯晓佳,马晓波.不同资源维度上汾河流域下游优势种的生态位[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):380-386[Pang CH,Fan X,Zhang F,Ni RJ,Feng XJ,Ma XB.The niches of dominant species in different resource dimensions in the lower reaches of fenhe river,Shanxi province of China[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(2):380-386]