阳泉矿区煤矸石山复垦地不同植被下草本植物群落生态关系
|
摘要
为揭示煤矸石山复垦地不同植被下草本植物群落与环境因子的关系,采用TWINSPAN分类、DCA排序和物种多样性分析方法,对阳泉矿区五矿2座不同复垦年限(2003年、2013年)煤矸石山复垦地不同植被下草本植物群落60个植物样方的数据进行分类、排序与物种多样性研究.结果显示:(1)TWINSPAN分类将该复垦地不同植被下草本植物群落分为12个群丛类型,群丛Ⅰ-Ⅴ位于复垦年限(2013)较短的矸石山,群丛Ⅵ-Ⅻ位于复垦年限(2003)较长的矸石山;(2)样方的DCA排序第一轴反映了复垦年限变化,沿DCA排序第一轴从左往右煤矸石山复垦年限逐渐缩短;DCA第二轴反映了复垦地地形的变化,沿DCA排序第二轴从上到下煤矸石山复垦地由平台→边坡;(3)不同植被下草本植物群丛的物种多样性表现为平台>边坡(即群丛Ⅴ>群丛Ⅱ、群丛Ⅻ>群丛Ⅶ),乔木林下>灌草丛下(群丛Ⅻ群丛Ⅵ),复垦年限较长的群丛Ⅻ>复垦年限较短的群丛Ⅴ.本研究表明植被类型、复垦年限、地形对煤矸石山复垦地不同植被下草本植物群丛物种多样性影响明显;随着复垦年限的增长,群丛向更加稳定、多样的方向更替.
This study was done to clarify the relationships among plants in herbaceous plant communities under different types of plantations growing in the environmental conditions of reclaimed coal gob piles. Data from 60 quadrat samples of herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on two reclaimed coal gob piles(revegetated in 2013 and 2003, respectively) at the No.5 mine in the Yangquan mining area of China were analyzed using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA), and species diversity indices. Results showed that the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations were classified into 12 types(associations) by TWINSPAN, among which communities Ⅰ-Ⅴ were located on the coal gob piles revegetated in 2013 and communities Ⅵ-Ⅻ were located on those revegetated in 2003. The results of the DCA ordination of the 60 quadrats clearly reflected the relationship between the distribution of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations and environmental gradients. The first DCA axis represented the gradient in time since restoration, in that the revegetated ages of herbaceous plant communities under different plantations gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis. The second DCA axis represented the gradient in slope, such that the terrain of the reclaimed coal gob piles changed from the platform to the slope of the coal gob pile along the second DCA axis. Analysis of the species diversity of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations showed that those on the platforms of the reclaimed coal gob piles were more diverse than those on the slopes(i.e. community Ⅴ> community Ⅱ, community Ⅻ > community Ⅶ), while those under arbor plantations were more diverse than those under shrub and herb plantations(i.e. community Ⅻ > community Ⅵ), and the community(Ⅻ) revegetated in 2003 was more diverse than that(Ⅴ) revegetated in 2013. These results indicated that the plantation type, revegetated age, and terrain type of the coal gob piles had significant effects on the species diversity of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on the reclaimed coal gob piles.
This study was done to clarify the relationships among plants in herbaceous plant communities under different types of plantations growing in the environmental conditions of reclaimed coal gob piles. Data from 60 quadrat samples of herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on two reclaimed coal gob piles(revegetated in 2013 and 2003, respectively) at the No.5 mine in the Yangquan mining area of China were analyzed using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA), and species diversity indices. Results showed that the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations were classified into 12 types(associations) by TWINSPAN, among which communities Ⅰ-Ⅴ were located on the coal gob piles revegetated in 2013 and communities Ⅵ-Ⅻ were located on those revegetated in 2003. The results of the DCA ordination of the 60 quadrats clearly reflected the relationship between the distribution of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations and environmental gradients. The first DCA axis represented the gradient in time since restoration, in that the revegetated ages of herbaceous plant communities under different plantations gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis. The second DCA axis represented the gradient in slope, such that the terrain of the reclaimed coal gob piles changed from the platform to the slope of the coal gob pile along the second DCA axis. Analysis of the species diversity of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations showed that those on the platforms of the reclaimed coal gob piles were more diverse than those on the slopes(i.e. community Ⅴ> community Ⅱ, community Ⅻ > community Ⅶ), while those under arbor plantations were more diverse than those under shrub and herb plantations(i.e. community Ⅻ > community Ⅵ), and the community(Ⅻ) revegetated in 2003 was more diverse than that(Ⅴ) revegetated in 2013. These results indicated that the plantation type, revegetated age, and terrain type of the coal gob piles had significant effects on the species diversity of the herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on the reclaimed coal gob piles.
引文
1张先平,王孟本,佘波,肖扬.庞泉沟国家自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):754-761[Zhang XP,Wang MB,She B,Xiao Y.Numerical Classification and ordination of forest communities in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2006,26(3):754-761]
2 He HQ,Li SC,Sun HL,Liu SC,Xiong WL.Quantitative classification and ordination of Jingping hydropower station,Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2008,28(8):3706-3712
3张文静,张钦弟,王晶,冯飞,毕润成.多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(6):586-592[Zhang WJ,Zhang QD,Wang J,Feng F,Bi RC.A comparison of multivariate regression tree and two-way indicator species analysis in plant community classification[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,2015,39(6):586-592]
4张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2004[Zhang JT,Quantitative Vegetation Ecology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,2004]
5张峰,张金屯.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):278-282[Zhang F,Zhang JT.Research progress of numerical classification and ordination of vegetation in China[J].J Shanxi Univ Nat Sci Ed,2000,23(3):278-282]
6王露露,朱清科,赵彦敏,郑学良,李萍.陕北黄土区山杏林下草本层植物群落特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(1):225-231[Wang LL,Zhu QK,Zhao YM,Zheng XL,Li P.Community characteristics of herbaceous layer under Prunus armeniaca plantations in northern Shaanxi Loess Area[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2013,33(1):225-231]
7杨丽霞,任广鑫,韩新辉,康迪,赵发珠,邓健,杨改河.黄土高原退耕区不同林龄刺槐林下草本植物的多样性[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(7):172-178[Yang LX,Ren GX,Han XH,Kang D,Zhao FZ,Deng J,Yang GH.Diversity of understory herbaceous species under the Robinia pseudoacacia with different ages of the region of returning farmland to forest in the Loess Plateau[J].Northwest China J.Agric.Sci,2014,23(7):172-178]
8胡振琪,张光灿,毕银丽,魏忠义.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):621-628[Hu ZQ,Zhang GC,Bi YL,Wei ZY.Stand productivity and ecological effects of black locust in a coal waste pile[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2002,22(5):621-628]
9 Mukhopadhyay S,George J,Masto RE.Changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and soil biological parameters in a revegetated coal mine spoil[J].Land Degrad Dev,2017,28:1047-1055
10王丽艳,韩有志,张成梁,裴宗阳.不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石山复垦土壤性质及煤矸石风化物的变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6429-6441[Wang LY,Han YZ,Zhang CL,Pei ZY.Reclaimed soil properties and weathered gangue change characteristics under various vegetation types on gangue pile[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(21):6429-6441]
11李木楠,李志娟,李素清,Karsten Liber.山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(6):1143-1149[Li MN,Li ZJ,Li SC,K Liber.Interspecific association of dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Yangquan mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2015,21(6):1143-1149]
12兰岚,姚廷梼.阳泉市矿区矸石山植被恢复与重建的建议[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):874-876[Lan L,Yao TC.Advice of vegetation restoration and reconstruction for coal gangue mountain in Yangquan city[J].J Shanxi Agric Sci,2014,42(8):874-876]
13 Hill M.TWINSPAN-A Fortran Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an Ordered Two-way Table By Classification of the Individuals and Attributes[M].Ithaca:Cornell University,1979:99-151
14 Braak CJFT.CANOCO-A Fortran Program for Canonical Community O rd i nat ion by Ca non ical Cor respondence A nalysis,P r i ncipal Component Analysis And Redundancy Analysis(Version 2.1)[M].The Netherlands:Wageningen,1988:95
15中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:43-56[China Vegetation Editorial Board.Chinese Vegetation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983:43-56]
16王尚义,李素清,曹志敏,赵海晓.山西岚县皇姑梁小流域人工植物群落生态[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5098-5109[Wang SY,Li SQ,Cao ZM,Zhao HX.The ecological relationships among artificial vegetation communities in Huangguliang small watershed,Lanxian County of Shanxi[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(12):5098-5109]
17苏日古嘎,张金屯,张斌,程佳佳,田世广,张钦弟,刘素军.松山自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2621-2629[Suriguga,Zhang JT,Zhang B,Cheng JJ,Tian SG,Zhang QD,Liu SJ.Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in the Songshan national nature reserve[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(10):2621-2629]
18张建彪.煤矸石山生态重建中的植被演替及其与土壤因子的相互作用[D].太原:山西大学,2011[Zhang JB.Vegetation succession and its interactions with soil properties in ecological reconstruction of coalgangue area in Gujiao,China[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2011]
19 Magurran AE.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:56-80
20费永俊,鲁文俊,韩烈保.荆江大堤护坡草本植物物种多样性及其季节动态[J].草业科学,2007,24(10):1-5[Fei YJ,Lu WJ,Han LB.Species diversity and its seasonal dynamics of herbal plants on the slopes of Jingjiang levees[J].Pratac Sci,2007,24(10):1-5]
21宋香静,李胜男,韦玮,郭嘉,于一雷.山东省渤海沿岸滨海湿地草本植物群落物种组成及多样性研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):30-37[Song XJ,Li SN,Wei W,Guo J,Yu YL.Herbaceous plant species structure and diversity of communities of the coastal wetlands in Bohai coastal area in Shandong province[J].Ecol Sci,2017,36(4):30-37]
22张金屯,柴宝峰,邱扬,陈廷贵.晋西吕梁山严村流域撂荒地植物群落演替中的物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2000,8(4):378-384[Zhang JT,Cai BF,Qiu Y,Chen TG.Changes in species diversity in the succession of plant communities of abandoned land in Luliang mountain,western Shanxi[J].Biodiv Sci,2000,8(4):378-384]
2 He HQ,Li SC,Sun HL,Liu SC,Xiong WL.Quantitative classification and ordination of Jingping hydropower station,Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2008,28(8):3706-3712
3张文静,张钦弟,王晶,冯飞,毕润成.多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(6):586-592[Zhang WJ,Zhang QD,Wang J,Feng F,Bi RC.A comparison of multivariate regression tree and two-way indicator species analysis in plant community classification[J].Acta Phytoecol Sin,2015,39(6):586-592]
4张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2004[Zhang JT,Quantitative Vegetation Ecology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,2004]
5张峰,张金屯.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):278-282[Zhang F,Zhang JT.Research progress of numerical classification and ordination of vegetation in China[J].J Shanxi Univ Nat Sci Ed,2000,23(3):278-282]
6王露露,朱清科,赵彦敏,郑学良,李萍.陕北黄土区山杏林下草本层植物群落特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(1):225-231[Wang LL,Zhu QK,Zhao YM,Zheng XL,Li P.Community characteristics of herbaceous layer under Prunus armeniaca plantations in northern Shaanxi Loess Area[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2013,33(1):225-231]
7杨丽霞,任广鑫,韩新辉,康迪,赵发珠,邓健,杨改河.黄土高原退耕区不同林龄刺槐林下草本植物的多样性[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(7):172-178[Yang LX,Ren GX,Han XH,Kang D,Zhao FZ,Deng J,Yang GH.Diversity of understory herbaceous species under the Robinia pseudoacacia with different ages of the region of returning farmland to forest in the Loess Plateau[J].Northwest China J.Agric.Sci,2014,23(7):172-178]
8胡振琪,张光灿,毕银丽,魏忠义.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):621-628[Hu ZQ,Zhang GC,Bi YL,Wei ZY.Stand productivity and ecological effects of black locust in a coal waste pile[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2002,22(5):621-628]
9 Mukhopadhyay S,George J,Masto RE.Changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and soil biological parameters in a revegetated coal mine spoil[J].Land Degrad Dev,2017,28:1047-1055
10王丽艳,韩有志,张成梁,裴宗阳.不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石山复垦土壤性质及煤矸石风化物的变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6429-6441[Wang LY,Han YZ,Zhang CL,Pei ZY.Reclaimed soil properties and weathered gangue change characteristics under various vegetation types on gangue pile[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(21):6429-6441]
11李木楠,李志娟,李素清,Karsten Liber.山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(6):1143-1149[Li MN,Li ZJ,Li SC,K Liber.Interspecific association of dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles of the Yangquan mining area in Shanxi,China[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2015,21(6):1143-1149]
12兰岚,姚廷梼.阳泉市矿区矸石山植被恢复与重建的建议[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):874-876[Lan L,Yao TC.Advice of vegetation restoration and reconstruction for coal gangue mountain in Yangquan city[J].J Shanxi Agric Sci,2014,42(8):874-876]
13 Hill M.TWINSPAN-A Fortran Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an Ordered Two-way Table By Classification of the Individuals and Attributes[M].Ithaca:Cornell University,1979:99-151
14 Braak CJFT.CANOCO-A Fortran Program for Canonical Community O rd i nat ion by Ca non ical Cor respondence A nalysis,P r i ncipal Component Analysis And Redundancy Analysis(Version 2.1)[M].The Netherlands:Wageningen,1988:95
15中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:43-56[China Vegetation Editorial Board.Chinese Vegetation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1983:43-56]
16王尚义,李素清,曹志敏,赵海晓.山西岚县皇姑梁小流域人工植物群落生态[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5098-5109[Wang SY,Li SQ,Cao ZM,Zhao HX.The ecological relationships among artificial vegetation communities in Huangguliang small watershed,Lanxian County of Shanxi[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(12):5098-5109]
17苏日古嘎,张金屯,张斌,程佳佳,田世广,张钦弟,刘素军.松山自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2621-2629[Suriguga,Zhang JT,Zhang B,Cheng JJ,Tian SG,Zhang QD,Liu SJ.Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in the Songshan national nature reserve[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(10):2621-2629]
18张建彪.煤矸石山生态重建中的植被演替及其与土壤因子的相互作用[D].太原:山西大学,2011[Zhang JB.Vegetation succession and its interactions with soil properties in ecological reconstruction of coalgangue area in Gujiao,China[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2011]
19 Magurran AE.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:56-80
20费永俊,鲁文俊,韩烈保.荆江大堤护坡草本植物物种多样性及其季节动态[J].草业科学,2007,24(10):1-5[Fei YJ,Lu WJ,Han LB.Species diversity and its seasonal dynamics of herbal plants on the slopes of Jingjiang levees[J].Pratac Sci,2007,24(10):1-5]
21宋香静,李胜男,韦玮,郭嘉,于一雷.山东省渤海沿岸滨海湿地草本植物群落物种组成及多样性研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):30-37[Song XJ,Li SN,Wei W,Guo J,Yu YL.Herbaceous plant species structure and diversity of communities of the coastal wetlands in Bohai coastal area in Shandong province[J].Ecol Sci,2017,36(4):30-37]
22张金屯,柴宝峰,邱扬,陈廷贵.晋西吕梁山严村流域撂荒地植物群落演替中的物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2000,8(4):378-384[Zhang JT,Cai BF,Qiu Y,Chen TG.Changes in species diversity in the succession of plant communities of abandoned land in Luliang mountain,western Shanxi[J].Biodiv Sci,2000,8(4):378-384]