城镇商业街道空间网络模型构建及方法研究——以重庆磁器口为例
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摘要
为探明商业街道公共空间活力的基本规律,以重庆磁器口国家历史文化街区商业街道为例,引入社会网络分析原理和方法,构建磁器口商业街道"点"单元空间组合和"线"关系的语义模型。在Ucinet6.0软件平台上,建立了商业街道社会网络模型,计算分析了该模型的特征途径长度、集聚系数等拓扑结构相关指标,揭示了商业街道公共空间社会网络的小世界性特征。针对城镇公共空间社会关系的定量研究构建了一种量化和可视化研究工具和方法。
In order to explore the basic features of the vitality of commercial street space, this paper takes the commercial street space of Ciqikou, the national historical and cultural district, as a case study, and applies analysis principle and method of social network analysis(SNA) to construct the semantic model of spatial combination of point units and line relationship of Ciqikou commercial street space. We construct the social network model of commercial street space based on the platform of Ucinet6.0 and calculate associated index such as characteristic path length and clustering coefficient, etc. It shows that the social network model of commercial street space has a small-world feature. This proposes a new visualized and quantified tool and method for the quantitative research of social relationship of urban public spaces.
In order to explore the basic features of the vitality of commercial street space, this paper takes the commercial street space of Ciqikou, the national historical and cultural district, as a case study, and applies analysis principle and method of social network analysis(SNA) to construct the semantic model of spatial combination of point units and line relationship of Ciqikou commercial street space. We construct the social network model of commercial street space based on the platform of Ucinet6.0 and calculate associated index such as characteristic path length and clustering coefficient, etc. It shows that the social network model of commercial street space has a small-world feature. This proposes a new visualized and quantified tool and method for the quantitative research of social relationship of urban public spaces.
引文
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21 宋长海,楼嘉军.上海休闲街商业网点业态结构研究[J].旅游学刊,2007(5):79-84.SONG Changhai,LOU Jiajun.Study on the Format Structure of Commercial Network in Shanghai’s Leisure Street[J].Tourism Tribune,2007(5):79-84.
22 冯四清.商业街评价体系的构建[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(12):1622-1626.FENG Siqing.Establishment of the Evaluation System of Commercial Streets[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2004(12):1622-1626.
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25 陈颖彪,千庆兰.基于GIS的北京市商业空间活动分析[J].地域研究与开发,2004(5):55-59.CHEN Yingbiao,QIAN Qinglan.Business Spatial Activity of Beijing City Based on GIS[J].Areal Research and Development,2004(5):55-59.
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(1)一般认为当企业对有限的市场资源、人力资源和资本资源进行争夺时,即可认为两者之间存在竞争。本研究认为商业之间的竞争关系必须同时反映在两个维度:商铺提供商品/服务类型、商铺提供服务的范围。本次研究对象为磁器口商业街,商业街内部店铺均为磁器口范围内的游客提供服务,因此具有相同的服务范围。因此本文研究的竞争关系可以用“同服务类型”的“业态重叠”关系来描述。
(2)是指连接任何两个点之间最短途径的平均长度,是网络整体测度指标之一。
(3)是局部网络结构测度指标之一,集聚系数越高,则网络的集聚性越高。
(4)崔福斯和米尔葛伦(Travers and Milgram,1969)通过小群体实验得到一个著名论断,“世界上任何人之间通过大约6步就可以建立联系。”简而言之,理论上,一个网络的特征途径长度小于6,则可认为该网络具有小世界性。
(5)可以衡量一个节点(线)在多大程度上位于其他任意两个节点的“中间”。中间中心势高意味着这个节点(线)处于网络更中心的位置。
2 冯维波,黄光宇.基于重庆主城区居民感知的城市意象元素分析评价[J].地理研究,2006(5):803-813.FENG Weibo,HUANG Guangyu.Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Image Elements Based on Perception of Residents in the Main Districts of Chongqing[J].Geographical Research,2006(5):803-813.
3 李郇,许学强.广州市城市意象空间分析[J].人文地理,1993(3):27-35.LI Xun,XU Xueqiang.A Spatial Analysis of the Image of Guang Zhou City[J].Human Geography,1993(3):27-35.
4 顾朝林,宋国臣.北京城市意象空间及构成要素研究[J].地理学报,2001(1):64-74.GU Chaolin,SONG Guochen.Urban Image Space and Main Factors in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001(1):64-74.
5 郑晓山.基于场所理论的春熙路商业步行街设计分析[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2004(6):139-142.ZHENG Xiaoshan.An Analysis of the Design of Chunxi Road Commercial Pedestrian Mall Based on Place Theory[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences),2004(6):139-142.
6 李九全,张中华,王兴中.场所理论应用于社区研究的思考[J].国际城市规划,2007(6):85-90.LI Jiuquan,ZHANG Zhonghua,WANG Xingzhong.The Application of Place Theory to Community[J].Urban Planning International,2007(6):85-90.
7 张中华,张沛,朱菁.场所理论应用于城市空间设计研究探讨[J].现代城市研究,2010(4):29-39.ZHANG Zhonghua,ZHANG Pei,ZHU Jing.New Interpretation of Place Theories Applied into Urban Space Design Researches and the Brief Introduction on the Design Methodologies[J].Modern Urban Research,2010(4):29-39.
8 刘泽煴,肖玲.北京路步行街场所精神的探寻[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008(3):125-130.LIU Zeyun,XIAO Ling.The Exploration of Genius Loci of Commercial Pedestrian Street of Beijing Road[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natura Science Edition),2008(3):125-130.
9 谭文勇,阎波.“图底关系理论”的再认识[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006(2):28-32.TAN Wenyong,YAN Bo.Reconsideration of“Theory of Figure-Ground Relation”[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2006(2):28-32.
10 张愚,王建国.再论“空间句法”[J].建筑师,2004(3):33-44.ZHANG Yu,WANG Jianguo.Further Discussion on“Space Syntax”[J].The Architect,2004(3):33-44.
11 王静文,毛其智,党安荣.北京城市的演变模型——基于句法的城市空间与功能模式演进的探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2008(3):82-88.WANG Jingwen,MAO Qizhi,DANG Anrong.An Evolution Model of Beijing:A Discussion on the Evolution of Urban Spatial and Functional Patterns Based on Space Syntax[J].Urban Planning Forum,2008(3):82-88.
12 刘英姿,宗跃光.基于空间句法视角的南京城市广场空间探讨[J].规划师,2010(2):22-27.LIU Yingzi,ZONG Yueguang.The Discussion of the Urban Square Space in Nanjing Based on the Light of Space Syntax[J].Planners,2010(2):22-27.
13 郑晓伟,权瑾.基于空间句法的西安城市网络拓扑结构优化研究[J].规划师,2008(12):49-52.ZHENG Xiaowei,QUAN Jin.Optimizing Topological Structure with Spatial Syntax in Xi’an[J].Planners,2008(12):49-52.
14 Relph E C.Place and Placelessness[M].London:Pion,1976.
15 邹德慈.人性化的城市公共空间[J].城市规划学刊,2006(5):9-12.ZOU Deci.The Humanized Urban Public Space[J].Urban Planning Forum,2006(5):9-12.
16 JALALADDINI S.Urban Public Spaces and Vitality:A Socio-Spatial Analysis in the Streets of Cypriot Towns[J].Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,35:664-674.
17 何正强,何镜堂,陈晓虹.网络思维下的社区公共空间——广州市越秀区解放中路社区公共空间有效性分析[J].新建筑,2014(4):102-106.HE Zhengqiang,HE Jingtang,CHEN Xiaohong.Community Public Space in the Context of Network Thinking:Analysis of the Effectiveness of Public Space in Jiefangzhong Road Community,Yuexiu District,Guangzhou[J].New Architecture,2014(4):102-106.
18 陈蔚镇.公共空间规划中的空间效应与社会影响[J].建筑学报,2004(9):20-24.CHEN Weizhen.Spatial Effect and Social Influence of Public Space Planning[J].Architectural Journal,2004(9):20-24.
19 SNEPENGER D,REIMAN S,JOHNSON J,et al.Is Downtown Mainly for Tourists[J].Journal of Travel Research.1998,36(4),5-12.
20 周钰,赵建波,张玉坤.街道界面密度与城市形态的规划控制[J].城市规划,2012(6):28-32.ZHOU Yu,ZHAO Jianbo,ZHANG Yukun.Street Interface Density and Planning Control of Urban Form[J].City Planning Review,2012(6):28-32.
21 宋长海,楼嘉军.上海休闲街商业网点业态结构研究[J].旅游学刊,2007(5):79-84.SONG Changhai,LOU Jiajun.Study on the Format Structure of Commercial Network in Shanghai’s Leisure Street[J].Tourism Tribune,2007(5):79-84.
22 冯四清.商业街评价体系的构建[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(12):1622-1626.FENG Siqing.Establishment of the Evaluation System of Commercial Streets[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2004(12):1622-1626.
23 周永广,温俊杰,陈鼎文.基于信息熵权TOPSIS法的步行商业街业态竞争力及布局研究——以杭州市两条步行商业街为实证案例[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2012(6):724-732.ZHOU Yongguang,WEN Junjie,CHEN Dingwen.Study on the Competitiveness and Layout of Commercial Pedestrian Streets’Business Forms through IEW&TOPSIS:Two Comparative Cases in Hangzhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2012(6):724-732.
24 张艳,柴彦威,颜亚宁.城市社区周边商业环境的特征与评价——基于北京市内7个社区的调查[J].城市发展研究,2008(6):62-69.ZHANG Yan,CHAI Yanwei,YAN Yaning.The Characteristics and Evaluation of the Commercial Environment Surrounding Urban Community:Based on Case Study of 7 Communities in Beijing[J].Urban Development Studies,2008(6):62-69.
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(1)一般认为当企业对有限的市场资源、人力资源和资本资源进行争夺时,即可认为两者之间存在竞争。本研究认为商业之间的竞争关系必须同时反映在两个维度:商铺提供商品/服务类型、商铺提供服务的范围。本次研究对象为磁器口商业街,商业街内部店铺均为磁器口范围内的游客提供服务,因此具有相同的服务范围。因此本文研究的竞争关系可以用“同服务类型”的“业态重叠”关系来描述。
(2)是指连接任何两个点之间最短途径的平均长度,是网络整体测度指标之一。
(3)是局部网络结构测度指标之一,集聚系数越高,则网络的集聚性越高。
(4)崔福斯和米尔葛伦(Travers and Milgram,1969)通过小群体实验得到一个著名论断,“世界上任何人之间通过大约6步就可以建立联系。”简而言之,理论上,一个网络的特征途径长度小于6,则可认为该网络具有小世界性。
(5)可以衡量一个节点(线)在多大程度上位于其他任意两个节点的“中间”。中间中心势高意味着这个节点(线)处于网络更中心的位置。