提高膨胀波纹管在弯曲井眼中应用可靠性研究
|
摘要
膨胀波纹管技术在弯曲井段中受井眼条件的影响,国内一直未形成配套技术;国外虽然有成功应用的案例,但存在应用规模小、成功率不高等问题。为了确定膨胀波纹管适用的井眼条件,明确了井径、井斜角变化率和方位角变化率对其膨胀性能的影响规律。为了缩短井眼准备时间,提高封隔段井眼质量,推荐了多种扩眼工具。为了提高焊缝的承压能力,研发了端头整形装置,将端头形状误差缩小至1 mm以内;研制了自动焊接装置,减少了人为因素对焊接质量的影响,将焊接效率提高了8倍以上;形成了焊缝缺陷识别方法,识别精度最高可达0.01 mm,确定了不同类型缺陷在不同位置的临界失效尺寸。研制了适用于小井眼的机械膨胀工具和应对井下复杂情况的磨铣膨胀一体化工具。完善了膨胀纹波管在弯曲井眼中应用的施工工艺,降低了管串提前失效和膨胀不充分等风险。研究成果在2口井中成功应用,标志着形成了膨胀波纹管封隔弯曲井眼复杂地层的配套技术,为解决全井段复杂情况提供了新技术手段。
Due to the effect of the hole conditions in crooked hole sections, the support technology of expandable bellow hasn't been formed in China. There are successful application cases abroad, but its application scale is small and its success ratio is low. In this paper, the influential laws of well diameter, hole deviation angle change rate and azimuth angle change rate on the expansion property of expandable bellow were defined in order to determine its applicable hole conditions. A variety of reaming tools were recommended to shorten the hole preparation time and improve the hole quality in sealed intervals. In order to increase the bearing capacity of the welding seams, an end shaping device was developed to keep the shape error of the end less than 1 mm. An automatic welding machine was developed to reduce the effects of artificial factors on the welding quality. By virtue of this device, the welding efficiency is increased by more than 8 times. A weld defect identification method with the maximum identification accuracy of0.01 mm was developed, and it can be used to determine the critical failure size of different types of defects at different positions. The mechanical expansion tool suitable for slim holes and the milling-expansion integrated tool to deal with downhole complex situations were developed. The construction process of expandable bellow in crooked holes was improved and the risks of pipe string were reduced, e.g. early failure and insufficient expansion. The research results have been successfully applied in 2 wells. It is indicated that the support technology of expandable bellow for sealing the crooked holes in complex formations is formed and it provides a new technology for solving the complex situations in the full hole.
Due to the effect of the hole conditions in crooked hole sections, the support technology of expandable bellow hasn't been formed in China. There are successful application cases abroad, but its application scale is small and its success ratio is low. In this paper, the influential laws of well diameter, hole deviation angle change rate and azimuth angle change rate on the expansion property of expandable bellow were defined in order to determine its applicable hole conditions. A variety of reaming tools were recommended to shorten the hole preparation time and improve the hole quality in sealed intervals. In order to increase the bearing capacity of the welding seams, an end shaping device was developed to keep the shape error of the end less than 1 mm. An automatic welding machine was developed to reduce the effects of artificial factors on the welding quality. By virtue of this device, the welding efficiency is increased by more than 8 times. A weld defect identification method with the maximum identification accuracy of0.01 mm was developed, and it can be used to determine the critical failure size of different types of defects at different positions. The mechanical expansion tool suitable for slim holes and the milling-expansion integrated tool to deal with downhole complex situations were developed. The construction process of expandable bellow in crooked holes was improved and the risks of pipe string were reduced, e.g. early failure and insufficient expansion. The research results have been successfully applied in 2 wells. It is indicated that the support technology of expandable bellow for sealing the crooked holes in complex formations is formed and it provides a new technology for solving the complex situations in the full hole.
引文
[1]刘鹏,夏柏如,陶兴华,等.基于膨胀波纹管的单一井径钻井技术[J].石油矿场机械,2015,44(1):74-78.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,TAO Xinghua,et al.Expandable profile liner makes single-diameter wellbore[J].Oil Field Equipment,2015,44(1):74-78.
[2]HOLLANDM B,CHIPIUK J E.Optimizing gas recovery with solid expandable technology[R].SPE 115002,2008.
[3]韩传军,何霞,刘清友,等.油气井井漏井壁与波纹管接触应力分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):67-70.HAN Chuanjun,HE Xia,LIU Qingyou,et al.Analysis of contact stress between thief zone wellborn and bellowpipe[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):67-70.
[4]张世忠,张树峰,王大力.侧钻水平井段铣套管长度及轨迹设计方法[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):19-22.ZHANG Shizhong,ZHANG Shufeng,WANG Dali.Milled casing length when sidetracking horizontal well and trajectory design method[J].Drilling&Production Technology,1999,22(6):19-22.
[5]马汝涛,纪友哲,王辉.油气钻井扩眼工具研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油机械,2010,38(8):8-12.MA Rutao,JI Youzhe,WANG Hui.The current situation and development trend of the research on hole reamer for oil-gas drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2010,38(8):8-12.
[6]白彬珍,臧艳彬,周伟,等.深井小井眼定向随钻扩孔技术研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):73-77.BAI Binzhen,ZANG Yanbin,ZHOU Wei,et al.Study and application of reaming while drilling in deep directional wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(4):73-77.
[7]左凯,朱益辉,吴占民,等.液压扩眼器设计及井下试验验证[J].石油机械,2013,41(12):14-16.ZUO Kai,ZHU Yihui,WU Zhanmin,et al.Design and downhole test verification of hydraulic reamer[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(12):14-16.
[8]胡亮.基于RFID技术的井下控制系统在随钻扩眼作业中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):596-600.HU Liang.Application of downhole control system based on RFID technology in the reaming while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):596-600.
[9]刘鹏,夏柏如,陶兴华,等.膨胀波纹管焊缝缺陷的检测及影响评价分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(32):22-27.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,TAO Xinghua,et al.Weld defects detection and weld’s performance evaluation of solid ex-pandable profile liner technology[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(32):22-27.
[10]张洪宝.辽河油田高效液压套管整形工具的研制与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(3):101-104.ZHANG Hongbao.The development and application of a high efficiency hydraulic casing restoration tool[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(3):101-104.
[11]林元华,邓宽海,曾德智,等.套管整形用梨形胀管器的参数优化实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(2):71-75.LIN Yuanhua,DENG Kuanhai,ZENG Dezhi,et al.An experimental investigation into parameters optimization of reshaping casing by pear-shaped casing swage[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(2):71-75.
[12]刘鹏,夏柏如,程光明,等.膨胀波纹管端头整形装置的研制及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(3):77-82.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,CHENG Guangming,et al.The development and application of restoration device for expandable profile liner ends[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(3):77-82.
[13]徐立力,薛龙,陶兴华,等.异型断面管道自动焊接执行机构设计及运动仿真[J].电焊机,2011,41(5):5-9.XU Lili,XUE Long,TAO Xinghua,et al.Design and motion simulation of automatic welding actuator for special-shaped pipeline welding robot[J].Electric Welding Machine,2011,41(5):5-9.
[14]陶兴华,朱宏武,曾义金,等.膨胀波纹管焊接机器人的研制及其机构运动分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):119-128.TAO Xinghua,ZHU Hongwu,ZENG Yijin,et al.Development and mechanism motion analysis of welding robot for expandable profile liner[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(4):119-128.
[15]余国民,李军峰.X射线成像系统在焊管焊缝检测中的应用[J].焊管,2012,35(11):45-47.YU Guomin,LI Junfeng.Analysis on technological parameters of X-ray imaging system in pipe manufacturing industry[J].Welded Pipe and Tube,2012,35(11):45-47.
[16]王晓芳.基于极限载荷的在用含未焊透缺陷压力管道安全性分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:6-8.WANG Xiaofang.Research on safety analysis of in-service pressure piplines containing incomplete welding defects based on limit load[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010:6-8.
[17]陈金龙,战楠,张晓川.基于扩展有限元法的裂尖场精度研究[J].计算力学学报,2014,31(4):425-430.CHEN Jinlong,ZHAN Nan,ZHANG Xiaochuan.Numerical study on the accuracy of crack tip field by extended finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2014,31(4):425-430.
[18]陶兴华,朱宏武,王镇全,等.膨胀波纹管胀管器结构设计与试验[J].石油机械,2011,39(7):30-33.TAO Xinghua,ZHU Hongwu,WANG Zhenquan,et al.The structural design and experiment of the expandable bellows expander[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2011,39(7):30-33.
[19]陈培亮,井恩江,王玉多,等.膨胀管封隔复杂地层钻完井技术在侧钻井的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(12):25-28.CHEN Peiliang,JING Enjiang,WANG Yuduo,et al.Drilling and expandable casing completion for complex formation isolation in sidetrack well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(12):25-28.
[20]涂玉林,杨红歧,胡彦峰,等.膨胀波纹管在小井眼的安全应用工况模拟试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2018,46(2):69-74.TU Yulin,YANG Hongqi,HU Yanfeng,et al.Simulation and experimental study on the safe application condition of expandable profile liner in slim holes[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2018,46(2):69-74.
[21]刘鹏,夏柏如,陶兴华,等.膨胀波纹管在大牛地气田定向井段的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):61-67.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,TAO Xinghua,et al.The application of solid expandable liners in directional well sections of the Daniudi gas field[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):61-67.
[2]HOLLANDM B,CHIPIUK J E.Optimizing gas recovery with solid expandable technology[R].SPE 115002,2008.
[3]韩传军,何霞,刘清友,等.油气井井漏井壁与波纹管接触应力分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):67-70.HAN Chuanjun,HE Xia,LIU Qingyou,et al.Analysis of contact stress between thief zone wellborn and bellowpipe[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):67-70.
[4]张世忠,张树峰,王大力.侧钻水平井段铣套管长度及轨迹设计方法[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):19-22.ZHANG Shizhong,ZHANG Shufeng,WANG Dali.Milled casing length when sidetracking horizontal well and trajectory design method[J].Drilling&Production Technology,1999,22(6):19-22.
[5]马汝涛,纪友哲,王辉.油气钻井扩眼工具研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油机械,2010,38(8):8-12.MA Rutao,JI Youzhe,WANG Hui.The current situation and development trend of the research on hole reamer for oil-gas drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2010,38(8):8-12.
[6]白彬珍,臧艳彬,周伟,等.深井小井眼定向随钻扩孔技术研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):73-77.BAI Binzhen,ZANG Yanbin,ZHOU Wei,et al.Study and application of reaming while drilling in deep directional wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(4):73-77.
[7]左凯,朱益辉,吴占民,等.液压扩眼器设计及井下试验验证[J].石油机械,2013,41(12):14-16.ZUO Kai,ZHU Yihui,WU Zhanmin,et al.Design and downhole test verification of hydraulic reamer[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(12):14-16.
[8]胡亮.基于RFID技术的井下控制系统在随钻扩眼作业中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):596-600.HU Liang.Application of downhole control system based on RFID technology in the reaming while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):596-600.
[9]刘鹏,夏柏如,陶兴华,等.膨胀波纹管焊缝缺陷的检测及影响评价分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(32):22-27.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,TAO Xinghua,et al.Weld defects detection and weld’s performance evaluation of solid ex-pandable profile liner technology[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(32):22-27.
[10]张洪宝.辽河油田高效液压套管整形工具的研制与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(3):101-104.ZHANG Hongbao.The development and application of a high efficiency hydraulic casing restoration tool[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(3):101-104.
[11]林元华,邓宽海,曾德智,等.套管整形用梨形胀管器的参数优化实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(2):71-75.LIN Yuanhua,DENG Kuanhai,ZENG Dezhi,et al.An experimental investigation into parameters optimization of reshaping casing by pear-shaped casing swage[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(2):71-75.
[12]刘鹏,夏柏如,程光明,等.膨胀波纹管端头整形装置的研制及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(3):77-82.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,CHENG Guangming,et al.The development and application of restoration device for expandable profile liner ends[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(3):77-82.
[13]徐立力,薛龙,陶兴华,等.异型断面管道自动焊接执行机构设计及运动仿真[J].电焊机,2011,41(5):5-9.XU Lili,XUE Long,TAO Xinghua,et al.Design and motion simulation of automatic welding actuator for special-shaped pipeline welding robot[J].Electric Welding Machine,2011,41(5):5-9.
[14]陶兴华,朱宏武,曾义金,等.膨胀波纹管焊接机器人的研制及其机构运动分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):119-128.TAO Xinghua,ZHU Hongwu,ZENG Yijin,et al.Development and mechanism motion analysis of welding robot for expandable profile liner[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(4):119-128.
[15]余国民,李军峰.X射线成像系统在焊管焊缝检测中的应用[J].焊管,2012,35(11):45-47.YU Guomin,LI Junfeng.Analysis on technological parameters of X-ray imaging system in pipe manufacturing industry[J].Welded Pipe and Tube,2012,35(11):45-47.
[16]王晓芳.基于极限载荷的在用含未焊透缺陷压力管道安全性分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:6-8.WANG Xiaofang.Research on safety analysis of in-service pressure piplines containing incomplete welding defects based on limit load[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010:6-8.
[17]陈金龙,战楠,张晓川.基于扩展有限元法的裂尖场精度研究[J].计算力学学报,2014,31(4):425-430.CHEN Jinlong,ZHAN Nan,ZHANG Xiaochuan.Numerical study on the accuracy of crack tip field by extended finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2014,31(4):425-430.
[18]陶兴华,朱宏武,王镇全,等.膨胀波纹管胀管器结构设计与试验[J].石油机械,2011,39(7):30-33.TAO Xinghua,ZHU Hongwu,WANG Zhenquan,et al.The structural design and experiment of the expandable bellows expander[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2011,39(7):30-33.
[19]陈培亮,井恩江,王玉多,等.膨胀管封隔复杂地层钻完井技术在侧钻井的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(12):25-28.CHEN Peiliang,JING Enjiang,WANG Yuduo,et al.Drilling and expandable casing completion for complex formation isolation in sidetrack well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(12):25-28.
[20]涂玉林,杨红歧,胡彦峰,等.膨胀波纹管在小井眼的安全应用工况模拟试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2018,46(2):69-74.TU Yulin,YANG Hongqi,HU Yanfeng,et al.Simulation and experimental study on the safe application condition of expandable profile liner in slim holes[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2018,46(2):69-74.
[21]刘鹏,夏柏如,陶兴华,等.膨胀波纹管在大牛地气田定向井段的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):61-67.LIU Peng,XIA Bairu,TAO Xinghua,et al.The application of solid expandable liners in directional well sections of the Daniudi gas field[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):61-67.