松辽盆地高密度采集地震数据的面波压制方法
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摘要
松辽盆地高密度采集地震资料的面波具有能量强、频带宽、个数多、线性规律明显的特点,有效压制面波是高密度采集地震资料处理的难点。依据近地表结构,并与常规采集对比,分析了高密度采集地震资料的面波特征;给出十字排列域FKK滤波压制线性规律的面波,再用区域异常处理压制残留面波的技术策略。经详细试验对比,确定了在FKK滤波中面波最小倾角和高截频率的选择原则。在研究区,面波最小倾角应在15 ms/道左右,高截频率可以在18 Hz左右,摈弃常规采集资料处理中选择面波主频(10 Hz左右)作为高截频率的做法。高密度采集地震资料技术实际应用取得了有效压制面波的满意效果。
The ground rolls of the seismic data high-density acquired in Songliao Basin are characterized by strong energy, wide frequency band, multiple events and fine linear law. It is difficult to effectively suppress the ground rolls for the seismic data processing. Based on the near surface structure, and compared with the conventional acquisition, the ground roll characteristics of the seismic data stated above were analyzed;the ground rolls were presented for the cross spread domain with the help of FKK filtering for suppressing the linear law, and moreover the residual ground roll was impressed by zone abnormal processing technique. By means of the detailed experimental comparisons, the selecting principles were determined for the minimum dip and high-cut frequency of the ground roll in the FKK filter. In the study area, the dip stated above should be about 15 ms/trace, the high-cut frequency can be 18 Hz or so, the method of selecting the main frequency(about 10 Hz) of the ground roll as the high-cut frequency was eliminated in the conventional acquired data process. The application of the high-density acquired data processing technique has achieved the satisfactory effects of effectively suppressing the ground roll.
The ground rolls of the seismic data high-density acquired in Songliao Basin are characterized by strong energy, wide frequency band, multiple events and fine linear law. It is difficult to effectively suppress the ground rolls for the seismic data processing. Based on the near surface structure, and compared with the conventional acquisition, the ground roll characteristics of the seismic data stated above were analyzed;the ground rolls were presented for the cross spread domain with the help of FKK filtering for suppressing the linear law, and moreover the residual ground roll was impressed by zone abnormal processing technique. By means of the detailed experimental comparisons, the selecting principles were determined for the minimum dip and high-cut frequency of the ground roll in the FKK filter. In the study area, the dip stated above should be about 15 ms/trace, the high-cut frequency can be 18 Hz or so, the method of selecting the main frequency(about 10 Hz) of the ground roll as the high-cut frequency was eliminated in the conventional acquired data process. The application of the high-density acquired data processing technique has achieved the satisfactory effects of effectively suppressing the ground roll.
引文
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[14]王宏旭.F—K域逆频散压制面波[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34 (4):139-142.WANG Hongxu.Suppression of the surface wave by F-K domain inverse frequency dispersion[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34 (4):139-142.
[15]TILLMANN A.An unsupervised wavelet transform method for simultaneous inversion of multimode surface waves[J].Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics,2005,10(3):287-294.
[16]MCMECHAN G A,YEDLIN M J.Analysis of dispersive waves by wave field transformation[J].Geophysics,1981,46(6):869-874.
[17]SPITZ S.Seismic trace interpolation in the F-X domain[J].Geophysics,1991,56(6):785-794.
[18]NEWMAN P.Divergence effects in a layered earth[J].Geophysics,1973,38(3):481-488.
[2]李卫忠,张明振,王成礼,等.压制面波的波场分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):679-690.LI Weizhong,ZHANG Mingzhen,WANG Chengli,et al.Wave field separation method for suppressing surface wave[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(5):679-690.
[3]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546-553.ZHANG Junhua,Lü Ning,TIAN Lianyu,et al.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):546-553.
[4]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243.QIAN Rongjun.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42( 2):235-243.
[5]蔡希玲,刘学伟,勾丽敏.地震采样波场的空间连续性分析方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):370-379.CAI Xiling,LIU Xuewei,GOU Limin.Analytic approaches for spatial continuity of seismic sampled wavefield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):370-379.
[6]胡天跃.地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):35-40.HU Tianyue.The current situation and future of seismic data prestack noise attenuation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):35-40.
[7]王金龙,胡治权.三维锥形滤波方法研究及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(5):705-712.WANG Jinlong,HU Zhiquan.Three dimensional cone filtering[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(5):705-712.
[8]VERMEER G J O.三维地震勘探设计[M].李培明,何永清,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2008.VERMEER G J O .3-D Seismic Survey Design[M].LI Peiming,HE Yongqing,et al.Translation.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[9]张昌君,曲良河,吕功训,等.多频带消除地滚波的方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21 (5):13-15.ZHANG Changjun,QU Lianghe,Lü Gongxun.Removement of ground roll wave in muti-frequency bands[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1997,21 (5):13-15.
[10]陈志德,王成,刘国友,等.近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用[J].石油学报,2015,36( 2):188-196.CHEN Zhide,WANG Cheng,LIU Guoyou,et al.Modeling method of near-surface Q value and its seismic pre-stack compensation application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36( 2):188-196.
[11]VERMEER G J O.Seismic wavefield sampling:A wave number approach to acquisition fundamentals [M].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1990.
[12]张永刚,王赟,尹军杰.单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):201-207.ZHANG Yonggang,WANG Yun,YIN Junjie.Single point high density seismic data processing analysis and initial evaluation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):201-207.
[13]吴华,李延峰,朱玉宝,等.基于观测系统变换的3D去面波技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(3):167-170.WU Hua,LI Yanfeng,ZHU Yubao,et al.3D Surface wave eliminating technique based on transformed observing system[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2010,29(3):167-170.
[14]王宏旭.F—K域逆频散压制面波[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34 (4):139-142.WANG Hongxu.Suppression of the surface wave by F-K domain inverse frequency dispersion[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34 (4):139-142.
[15]TILLMANN A.An unsupervised wavelet transform method for simultaneous inversion of multimode surface waves[J].Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics,2005,10(3):287-294.
[16]MCMECHAN G A,YEDLIN M J.Analysis of dispersive waves by wave field transformation[J].Geophysics,1981,46(6):869-874.
[17]SPITZ S.Seismic trace interpolation in the F-X domain[J].Geophysics,1991,56(6):785-794.
[18]NEWMAN P.Divergence effects in a layered earth[J].Geophysics,1973,38(3):481-488.