基于遗传算法的掘进机截割头多目标优化设计
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摘要
为提高掘进机的动态可靠性,基于虚拟样机技术建立掘进机刚柔耦合模型,对不同截割头结构参数下的回转台进行动态可靠性分析,依据机械优化设计理论建立以螺旋升角、半锥角和截线距为设计变量,以回转台最大等效应力的极小值为目标函数的评价函数,利用遗传算法得到最优的截割头结构参数。基于截割生产率和回转台应力对横摆速度进行多目标纵轴优化,得到了最优的横摆速度。结果表明,经过两次优化后,回转台最大应力值降低了18.495 MPa,疲劳寿命由3.067×10~4次提高到3.326×10~6次,生产率提高了18.6 t/h,预测误差均小于1.3%,满足设计要求。为截割头结构参数和运动参数的选取提供了数据支撑,为重型复杂机械设备优化设计提供了一种新的方法。
In order to improve the dynamic reliability of the roadheader,the roadheader's rigid-flexible coupled model was established based on virtual prototyp,dynamic reliability analysis was done on the rotary table of different structural parameters,evaluation function was established based on mechanical optimization design theory,the function's design variables was half cone angle,helix Angle and cutting line spacing, the function's objective function was the minimization of maximum equivalent stress as the objective function.The cutting head's optimal structural parameters was obtained by genetic algorithm.Based on the cutting productivity and rotary table equivalent stress, the optimal yawing speed was obtained by optimized multi-objective.The results shows that after two optimizations,rotary table maximum stress is decreased 18.495 MPa,the fatigue life is improved from 3.067 E4 to 3.326 E6,productivity is improved 18.6 t/h,prediction error is less than 1.3%,meet the design requirement.This method provides data support for the structure and kinematic parameters of cutting head,provides a new method for the optimization design of heavy complicated mechanical equipment.
In order to improve the dynamic reliability of the roadheader,the roadheader's rigid-flexible coupled model was established based on virtual prototyp,dynamic reliability analysis was done on the rotary table of different structural parameters,evaluation function was established based on mechanical optimization design theory,the function's design variables was half cone angle,helix Angle and cutting line spacing, the function's objective function was the minimization of maximum equivalent stress as the objective function.The cutting head's optimal structural parameters was obtained by genetic algorithm.Based on the cutting productivity and rotary table equivalent stress, the optimal yawing speed was obtained by optimized multi-objective.The results shows that after two optimizations,rotary table maximum stress is decreased 18.495 MPa,the fatigue life is improved from 3.067 E4 to 3.326 E6,productivity is improved 18.6 t/h,prediction error is less than 1.3%,meet the design requirement.This method provides data support for the structure and kinematic parameters of cutting head,provides a new method for the optimization design of heavy complicated mechanical equipment.
引文
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[21] 刘 岩.综掘一区551队创出EBZ-220掘进机日进尺最好水平[EB/OL].http://bd.ykjt.cn/text/2015-05/25/content_529049.htm.LIU Yan.The 551 team offully-mechanized excavating 1st area create penetration level best by using EBZ-220roadheader[EB/OL].http://bd.ykjt.cn/text/2015-05/25/content_529049.htm(in Chinese)
[2] Dogruoz Cihan,Bolukbasi Naci. Effect of cutting tool blunting on the performances of various mechanical excavators used in low and medium-strength rocks[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2013:1-9.
[3] 张倩倩,韩振南,刘炜煌.不同螺旋线数纵向截割头截割性能的比较分析[J].矿山机械,2013,41(5):12-16.ZHANG QianQian,HAN ZhenNan,LIU WeiHuang.Comparison and analysis of cutting performance of longitudinal cutting heads with various numbers of helical lines[J].Mining & Processing Equipment,2013,41(5):12-16 (In Chinese).
[4] 张梦奇.截齿排布螺旋线对纵向截割头性能的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(12):84-88.ZHANG MengQi.Influence of pick arrangement for spiral line on longitudinal cutting head performance[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(12):84-88(In Chinese).
[5] 张从亮.掘进机截割头运动参数及截齿布置参数对其截割性能影响研究[D]. 太原:太原理工大学,2016:49-59.Zhang Congliang.Study of Working and Pick Arrangement Parameters Effecting Cutting Performance for Roadheader’s Cutting Head[D].Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology,2016:49-59 (In Chinese).
[6] 赵丽娟,董萌萌.含硫化铁结核薄煤层采煤机工作机构载荷问题[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(6):840-844.ZHAO LiJuan,DONG MengMeng.Load problems of working mechanism of the shearerin containing pyrites and thin coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(6):840-844(In Chinese).
[7] 孙靖民,梁迎春.机械优化设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012:187-204.SUN JingMin,LIANG YingChun.Mechanical design[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2012:187-204(In Chinese).
[8] 赵丽娟,范佳艺,朱 帅.纵轴式掘进机截割头辅助设计软件开发及应用[J].计算机应用与软件,2016(10):207-210.ZHAO LiJuan,FAN JiaYi,ZHU Shuai.Development and application of aided design software for cutting head of roadheader[J].Computer Applications and Software,2016(10):207-210(In Chinese).
[9] 赵丽娟,刘旭南,曹 拓.纵轴式掘进机横摆运动参数的优化设计[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):2112-2117.ZHAO LiJuan,LIU XuNan,CAO Tuo.Horizontal swing movement parameters optimization design of longitudinal road header[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):2112-2117(In Chinese).
[10] 赵丽娟,刘 杰.复杂机电系统的建模与仿真研究[M].沈阳:辽宁大学出版社,2007:151-166.ZHAO LiJuan,LIU Jie.Research on modeling and simulation of complex electromechanical system[M].Shenyang:Liaoning University Press,2007:151-166 (In Chinese).
[11] 赵丽娟,马联伟.薄煤层采煤机可靠性分析与疲劳寿命预测[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):516-521.ZHAO LiJuan,MA LianWei.Thin seam shearer reliability analysis and fatigue life prediction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):516-521(In Chinese).
[12] 赵丽娟,马永志.刚柔耦合系统建模与仿真关键技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2010, 46:243-248.ZHAO LiJuan,MA YongZhi.Study on key technologies in modeling and simulation of rigid-flexible coupled multi-bodysystem[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2010,46(2):243-248(In Chinese).
[13] 赵丽娟,孙中刚,李国平.刨煤机牵引块可靠性分析及疲劳寿命预测[J].煤炭学报,2012,(3):516-521.ZHAO LiJuan,SUN ZhongGang,LI GuoPing.Plow traction block reliability analysis and fatigue life prediction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012 37(3):516-521(In Chinese).
[14] 王国军,胡仁喜,陈 欣.Nsoft疲劳分析理论与应用实例指导教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007:49-52.WANG GuoJun,HU RenXi,CHEN Xin.Nsoft fatigue theory and its application to guide tutorial[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2007:49-52(In Chinese).
[15] 李晓豁.掘进机截割的关键技术研究[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:60-99.LI XiaoHuo.TheKey technology of machine cutting[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2008:60-99 (In Chinese).
[16] 史 峰.MATLAB智能算法30个案例分析[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011:66-67.Shi Feng.IntelligentAlgorithm MATLAB 30 case analysis[M] Beijing:Beijing University of Aeronautics And Astronautics Press,2011:66-67 (In Chinese).
[17] 周 游.EBZ45型掘进机截割头参数改进设计及动态仿真分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2011:16.ZHOU You.EBZ45 type machine cutting header parameter to improve design and dynamic simulation analysis[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011:16 (In Chinese).
[18] 赵丽娟,刘旭南,孙 强.基于VPANNs的掘进机回转台可靠性分析[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(5):602-607.ZHAO LiJuan,LIU XuNan,SUN Qiang.Research on road header gyration platform’s reliability based on VPANNs[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2014,25(5):602-607(In Chinese).
[19] 纪冬梅,胡毓仁.结构疲劳寿命及可靠度的神经网络预测方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(2):256-259.JI DongMei,HU YuRen.A method based on neural network to predict fatigue life and reliability of structures[J].Journal of Shanghai jiaotong University,2005,39(2):256-259(In Chinese).
[20] 赵丽娟,刘旭南,马联伟.基于经济截割的采煤机运动学参数优化研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1490-1495.ZHAO LiJuan,LIU XuNan,MA LianWei.Optimization research on shearer’s kinematic parameters based on economical cutting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1490-1495(In Chinese).
[21] 刘 岩.综掘一区551队创出EBZ-220掘进机日进尺最好水平[EB/OL].http://bd.ykjt.cn/text/2015-05/25/content_529049.htm.LIU Yan.The 551 team offully-mechanized excavating 1st area create penetration level best by using EBZ-220roadheader[EB/OL].http://bd.ykjt.cn/text/2015-05/25/content_529049.htm(in Chinese)