柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩储层裂缝特征及影响因素
|
摘要
在基岩风化壳储层中裂缝发育的影响因素是近年来基岩储层裂缝分布规律研究的热点问题之一。本文通过研究区岩心观察、薄片鉴定及常规物性等分析化验资料,分析了柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩风化壳储层的岩石相特征、储集空间类型及基本特征,在此基础上探讨了基岩风化壳储集空间的影响因素。东坪基岩储层的岩石类型可分为侵入岩浆岩类和变质岩类两大类,储集空间类型为构造缝、溶蚀缝和溶蚀孔洞三种,属于裂缝-孔隙型基岩风化壳储层。结果表明:构造成因裂缝主要受控于构造活动强度、断层规模和性质、裂缝与断层之间的距离、裂缝与风化壳顶面的距离以及储层岩性等因素,构造强烈部位比非构造强烈部位的裂缝有效性好。溶蚀成因的裂缝、孔洞多发育在基岩风化壳的上段,古地貌高部位或斜坡带的位置,主要受到的建设性成岩作用有溶蚀、破碎、蚀变和风化作用,破坏性成岩作用如充填作用。
The influencing factors of fracture development in bedrock weathering crust reservoirs are one of the hot issues in the study of fracture distribution in bedrock reservoir in recent years.Based on the data of core observation,thin section identification and routine physical property analysis in the study area,the petrographic characteristics,reservoir space types and basic characteristics of the bedrock weathering crust reservoirs in Dongping area of Qaidam basin were analyzed,and the influencing factors of the reservoir space in the bedrock weathering crust were discussed.The rocks of Dongping bedrock reservoirs can be divided into intrusive magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks two types.The reservoir space types are tectonic fractures,dissolution fractures and dissolution holes,which belong to fractured-porous bedrock weathering crust reservoir.The results show that the tectonic fractures are mainly controlled by the intensity of tectonic activity,the scale and characteristics of faults,the distance between fractures and faults,the distance between fractures and the top surface of weathering crust,and the lithology of reservoirs,etc.The effectiveness of fractures in the strong tectonic part is better than that in the non-strong tectonic part.The fractures and holes caused by dissolution mostly develop at the upper part of bedrock weathering crust,high part of palaeogeomorphology or slope zone,which are mainly affected by dissolution,fragmentation,alteration and weathering and other constructive diagenesis,and destructive diagenesis like filling.
The influencing factors of fracture development in bedrock weathering crust reservoirs are one of the hot issues in the study of fracture distribution in bedrock reservoir in recent years.Based on the data of core observation,thin section identification and routine physical property analysis in the study area,the petrographic characteristics,reservoir space types and basic characteristics of the bedrock weathering crust reservoirs in Dongping area of Qaidam basin were analyzed,and the influencing factors of the reservoir space in the bedrock weathering crust were discussed.The rocks of Dongping bedrock reservoirs can be divided into intrusive magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks two types.The reservoir space types are tectonic fractures,dissolution fractures and dissolution holes,which belong to fractured-porous bedrock weathering crust reservoir.The results show that the tectonic fractures are mainly controlled by the intensity of tectonic activity,the scale and characteristics of faults,the distance between fractures and faults,the distance between fractures and the top surface of weathering crust,and the lithology of reservoirs,etc.The effectiveness of fractures in the strong tectonic part is better than that in the non-strong tectonic part.The fractures and holes caused by dissolution mostly develop at the upper part of bedrock weathering crust,high part of palaeogeomorphology or slope zone,which are mainly affected by dissolution,fragmentation,alteration and weathering and other constructive diagenesis,and destructive diagenesis like filling.
引文
[1] LANDES K K,AMORUSO J J,CHARLESWORTH J L J,et al.Petroleum Resources in Basement Rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,1960,44(10):1682-1691.
[2]高先志,孙蕾,汪立群,等.柴西南昆北断阶带油气运移特点[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):93-100.
[3]陈琰.柴达木盆地马北油田变质基岩储层描述[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010:1-96.
[4]许风光.火成岩储层岩性识别及裂缝评价研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007:1-103.
[5]张剑,谯晓容,曹云安,等.火山岩储集层岩性识别的研究及应用[J].中外能源,2006,11(4):46-51.
[6]张惠.长岭断陷火山岩储层识别与预测[D].西安:西北大学,2007:1-114.
[7]李建明,史玲玲,汪立群,等.柴西南地区昆北断阶带基岩油藏储层特征分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):20-23.
[8]吉海坚.青海油田发现国内最大基岩气藏[J].国外测井技术,2014(6):56-56.
[9]郭帅.柴北缘东段侏罗纪沉积-构造演化[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012:1-99.
[10]曹正林,魏志福,张小军,等.柴达木盆地东坪地区油气源对比分析[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):17-20.
[11]覃小锋,夏斌,黎春泉,等.阿尔金构造带西段前寒武纪花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景[J].现代地质,2008,22(1):34-44.
[12]黄建红,谭先锋,程承吉,等.花岗质基岩风化壳结构特征及油气地质意义:以柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩风化壳为例[J].地球科学,2016,41(12):2041-2060.
[13]黄建红,谭靖儇,谭先锋,等.柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩气藏水平井开发研究与应用[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):8115-8119.
[14]陶金雨,李建明,汪立群,等.阿尔金山前东坪花岗岩成因及其构造环境[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2018,37:59-67.
[15]陶金雨,李建明.柴北缘东坪地区片麻岩的地球化学特征及构造意义[J].地质与勘探,2018,54(3):552-562.
[16]陈韶生,许坤,鲍志东.基岩油气藏裂缝储层的特征及其发育规律——以辽河盆地大民屯凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2015(19):273-277.
[17]孙致学.裂缝性油藏中高含水期开发技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008:1-204.
[2]高先志,孙蕾,汪立群,等.柴西南昆北断阶带油气运移特点[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):93-100.
[3]陈琰.柴达木盆地马北油田变质基岩储层描述[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010:1-96.
[4]许风光.火成岩储层岩性识别及裂缝评价研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007:1-103.
[5]张剑,谯晓容,曹云安,等.火山岩储集层岩性识别的研究及应用[J].中外能源,2006,11(4):46-51.
[6]张惠.长岭断陷火山岩储层识别与预测[D].西安:西北大学,2007:1-114.
[7]李建明,史玲玲,汪立群,等.柴西南地区昆北断阶带基岩油藏储层特征分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):20-23.
[8]吉海坚.青海油田发现国内最大基岩气藏[J].国外测井技术,2014(6):56-56.
[9]郭帅.柴北缘东段侏罗纪沉积-构造演化[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012:1-99.
[10]曹正林,魏志福,张小军,等.柴达木盆地东坪地区油气源对比分析[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):17-20.
[11]覃小锋,夏斌,黎春泉,等.阿尔金构造带西段前寒武纪花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景[J].现代地质,2008,22(1):34-44.
[12]黄建红,谭先锋,程承吉,等.花岗质基岩风化壳结构特征及油气地质意义:以柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩风化壳为例[J].地球科学,2016,41(12):2041-2060.
[13]黄建红,谭靖儇,谭先锋,等.柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩气藏水平井开发研究与应用[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):8115-8119.
[14]陶金雨,李建明,汪立群,等.阿尔金山前东坪花岗岩成因及其构造环境[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2018,37:59-67.
[15]陶金雨,李建明.柴北缘东坪地区片麻岩的地球化学特征及构造意义[J].地质与勘探,2018,54(3):552-562.
[16]陈韶生,许坤,鲍志东.基岩油气藏裂缝储层的特征及其发育规律——以辽河盆地大民屯凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2015(19):273-277.
[17]孙致学.裂缝性油藏中高含水期开发技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008:1-204.