复杂地表区叠前深度偏移近地表速度应用技术研究
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摘要
随着基于"真地表"叠前深度偏移技术的实施,偏移速度需要由浅表层到深层开始建立,而浅表层的速度一般是利用初至层析技术反演得到,但初至层析技术具有多解性和等效性,这种特性对于静校正量的计算是合理的,但对于叠前深度偏移的速度而言则是不合适的,它直接影响深度偏移射线路径的走向及深层速度迭代的精度.为了提高浅表层速度应用的合理性,本文开展了详细的研究,通过研究发现:参与初至层析的炮检距范围是影响初至反演近地表速度多解性的主要原因,为了选取合适的能够用于叠前深度偏移的近地表速度模型,根据数值模型分析的结果,形成了基于优化炮检距的大炮初至层析近地表速度的选取及应用技术.通过应用该技术,选取的速度与真实速度比较接近,达到了提高近地表速度反演精度和应用合理性的目的,为叠前深度偏移近地表速度模型的合理选取提供了技术依据.
As the implementation of the "real " surface datum prestack depth migration technology,the migration velocity needs to set up from the shallow to depth. In general,the shallow velocity is usually obtained by first arrival tomography inversion technique. But this technology has multiple solutions and equivalence for the velocity model which is reasonable for the statics calculation and not appropriate for prestack depth migration. The reason is that this model can directly influence the ray path and direction in the depth migration,as well as the deeper velocity precision. In order to improve the application rationality of the near surface velocity,this paper has carried out detailed research. Through the research,we found that the offset range has the main influence to the multiple solutions of the near-surface velocity in the first arrival tomography.In order to select the right model which can be used to be nearsurface velocity model of pre-stack depth migration,the paper has formed technology selection and application strategy of the first break tomography inversion based on the optimization offset according to the results of the theory model analysis. Through the application of the technology,we found that the selection velocity is close to the actual velocity. And the accuracy of the near-surface velocity have risen. The rationality of the method is proved. The purpose of application for near-surface velocity model of pre-stack depth migration has achieved.
As the implementation of the "real " surface datum prestack depth migration technology,the migration velocity needs to set up from the shallow to depth. In general,the shallow velocity is usually obtained by first arrival tomography inversion technique. But this technology has multiple solutions and equivalence for the velocity model which is reasonable for the statics calculation and not appropriate for prestack depth migration. The reason is that this model can directly influence the ray path and direction in the depth migration,as well as the deeper velocity precision. In order to improve the application rationality of the near surface velocity,this paper has carried out detailed research. Through the research,we found that the offset range has the main influence to the multiple solutions of the near-surface velocity in the first arrival tomography.In order to select the right model which can be used to be nearsurface velocity model of pre-stack depth migration,the paper has formed technology selection and application strategy of the first break tomography inversion based on the optimization offset according to the results of the theory model analysis. Through the application of the technology,we found that the selection velocity is close to the actual velocity. And the accuracy of the near-surface velocity have risen. The rationality of the method is proved. The purpose of application for near-surface velocity model of pre-stack depth migration has achieved.
引文
Chen Y F,Yang S Q.2014.Building of near surface velocity model using tomography inversion method[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),30(5):47-51.
Docherty P.1992.Solving for the thickness and velocity of the weathering layer using 2-D refraction tomography[J].Geophysics,57(10):1307-1318.
GUO Yun-feng.2016.seismic tomography method applied in the detection of boulders.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):2103-2107,doi:10.6038/pg20160529.
Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.2008.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(2):475-483.
Jin J K,Liu H C.2008.The impact analysis of complex surface velocity model and correction method to depth velocity model and wave field imaging[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry(in Chinese),32(2)53-55.
LI Zhen,GUO Biao,LIU Qi-yuan,et al.2015.Parameterization in seismic tomography.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(4):0344-0353,doi:10.6038/pg20150416.
Liu Y.2006.Some problems and strategies for conventional seismic exploration in the high-velocity rock outcropped areas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),27(1):53-57.
Liu Z K,Wu Y G,Liu Y J.1994.Seismic tomography for near surface formation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),29(3):294-301.
Stefani J P.1995.Turning-ray tomography[J].Geophysics,60(6):1917-1929.
Wang Y C,Yu Q F,Duan Y Q,et al.1999.The application of refraction static correction in complex areas[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),23(6):428-434.
WANG Dong-he,CHEN Zu-bin,LIU Xin,et al.2016.Review of the seismic ray tracing method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):1616-1624,doi:10.6038/pg20160140.
Wang Z Y,Yang Q Y,Li Z C,et al.2014.Research status and development trend of near-surface velocity modeling[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),29(10):1138-1148.
Zhang J G,Liu L S.2006.Static corrections by first breaks tomographic inversion in complex area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),41(4):383-385,395.
ZHANG Lin,YANG Qin-yong,ZHANG Bing,et al.2017.Tomography inversion by first breaks in areas with complex near surface.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):0816-0821,doi:10.6038/pg20170249.
陈云峰,杨淑卿.2014.利用层析成像方法反演近地表速度模型[J].海洋地质前沿,30(5):47-51.
郭云峰.2016.地震波层析成像方法于孤石探测的应用分析.地球物理学进展,31(5):2103-2107,doi:10.6038/pg20160529.
韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.2008.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):475-483.
靳继坤,刘护创.2008.复杂地表速度模型和校正方法对深层速度模型和波场成像的影响分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,34(2)53-55.
李贞,郭飚,刘启元,等.2015.地震层析成像中模型参数化研究进展.地球物理学进展,30(4):1616-1624,doi:10.6038/pg20150416.
刘洋.2006.高速层出露区常规地震勘探存在的问题及对策[J].石油学报,27(1):53-57.
刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰.1994.近地表层地震层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,29(3):294-301.
王东鹤,陈祖斌,刘昕,等.2016.地震波射线追踪方法研究综述.地球物理学进展,31(1):0344-0353,doi:10.6038/pg20160140.
王彦春,余钦范,段云卿,等.1999.折射波静校正方法在复杂地表地区的应用[J].物探与化探,23(6):428-434.
王有新.2009.应用地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
王振宇,杨勤勇,李振春,等.2014.近地表速度建模研究现状及发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,29(10):1138-1148.
渥·伊尔马滋.2006.地震资料分析-地震资料处理、反演和解释[M].刘怀山,王克斌,童思友等译.北京:石油工业出版社.
张继国,刘连升.2006.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(4):383-385,395.
张林,杨勤勇,张兵,等.2017.复杂近地表初至波层析反演静校正技术研究.地球物理学进展,32(2):0816-0821,doi:10.6038/pg20170249.
Docherty P.1992.Solving for the thickness and velocity of the weathering layer using 2-D refraction tomography[J].Geophysics,57(10):1307-1318.
GUO Yun-feng.2016.seismic tomography method applied in the detection of boulders.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):2103-2107,doi:10.6038/pg20160529.
Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.2008.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(2):475-483.
Jin J K,Liu H C.2008.The impact analysis of complex surface velocity model and correction method to depth velocity model and wave field imaging[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry(in Chinese),32(2)53-55.
LI Zhen,GUO Biao,LIU Qi-yuan,et al.2015.Parameterization in seismic tomography.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(4):0344-0353,doi:10.6038/pg20150416.
Liu Y.2006.Some problems and strategies for conventional seismic exploration in the high-velocity rock outcropped areas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),27(1):53-57.
Liu Z K,Wu Y G,Liu Y J.1994.Seismic tomography for near surface formation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),29(3):294-301.
Stefani J P.1995.Turning-ray tomography[J].Geophysics,60(6):1917-1929.
Wang Y C,Yu Q F,Duan Y Q,et al.1999.The application of refraction static correction in complex areas[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),23(6):428-434.
WANG Dong-he,CHEN Zu-bin,LIU Xin,et al.2016.Review of the seismic ray tracing method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):1616-1624,doi:10.6038/pg20160140.
Wang Z Y,Yang Q Y,Li Z C,et al.2014.Research status and development trend of near-surface velocity modeling[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),29(10):1138-1148.
Zhang J G,Liu L S.2006.Static corrections by first breaks tomographic inversion in complex area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),41(4):383-385,395.
ZHANG Lin,YANG Qin-yong,ZHANG Bing,et al.2017.Tomography inversion by first breaks in areas with complex near surface.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):0816-0821,doi:10.6038/pg20170249.
陈云峰,杨淑卿.2014.利用层析成像方法反演近地表速度模型[J].海洋地质前沿,30(5):47-51.
郭云峰.2016.地震波层析成像方法于孤石探测的应用分析.地球物理学进展,31(5):2103-2107,doi:10.6038/pg20160529.
韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.2008.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):475-483.
靳继坤,刘护创.2008.复杂地表速度模型和校正方法对深层速度模型和波场成像的影响分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,34(2)53-55.
李贞,郭飚,刘启元,等.2015.地震层析成像中模型参数化研究进展.地球物理学进展,30(4):1616-1624,doi:10.6038/pg20150416.
刘洋.2006.高速层出露区常规地震勘探存在的问题及对策[J].石油学报,27(1):53-57.
刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰.1994.近地表层地震层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,29(3):294-301.
王东鹤,陈祖斌,刘昕,等.2016.地震波射线追踪方法研究综述.地球物理学进展,31(1):0344-0353,doi:10.6038/pg20160140.
王彦春,余钦范,段云卿,等.1999.折射波静校正方法在复杂地表地区的应用[J].物探与化探,23(6):428-434.
王有新.2009.应用地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
王振宇,杨勤勇,李振春,等.2014.近地表速度建模研究现状及发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,29(10):1138-1148.
渥·伊尔马滋.2006.地震资料分析-地震资料处理、反演和解释[M].刘怀山,王克斌,童思友等译.北京:石油工业出版社.
张继国,刘连升.2006.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(4):383-385,395.
张林,杨勤勇,张兵,等.2017.复杂近地表初至波层析反演静校正技术研究.地球物理学进展,32(2):0816-0821,doi:10.6038/pg20170249.