摘要
多中心治理和"生活实验室"概念均基于去中心化的参与式规划、协同设计和决策而建立。尽管"生活实验室"的概念在近几年才刚刚兴起,但于2000~2011年施行的伊萨河计划既已对其进行了开拓性探索。该计划沿德国慕尼黑市伊萨河对多种基于自然的解决方案进行了选择、协同设计并予以实施。虽然多个管理部门参与了伊萨河计划的决策过程,但时至今日尚缺乏对促成该项目的多中心治理的研究分析。本文以利益相关者访谈及文献综述为基础,对伊萨河计划的修复规划流程进行了分析。文章阐述了伊萨河计划治理架构的演变,论述了"生活实验室"的协同治理方法,并分析呈现了多中心治理如何增进信任和相互交流,以及韧性水景的协同设计。最终,本文认为,当各具自主权的多层级决策者共同参与政策方案制定时,"生活实验室"可以成为一种实施多中心治理的方法,反之亦然。
The both polycentric governance and Living Labs concepts are based on decentralized participatory planning, co-design, and decisionmaking. While the concept of Living Lab is still emerging, the Isar-Plan(2000 ~ 2011) pioneered the approach for selecting, co-designing, and implementing nature-based solutions along the Isar River in Munich, Germany. Despite multiple governing authorities involved in the decisionmaking process of the Isar-Plan, the polycentric governance that led to the success of the project has to date not been analyzed. This paper presents the results of an ex-post-analysis of the Isar-Plan restoration planning process based on stakeholder interviews and a literature review.The contribution describes the evolution of IsarPlan governance arrangements and discusses the Living Lab approaches to cooperative governance.The analysis demonstrates how polycentricity facilitated trust, learning, and the co-design of a resilient waterscape. The paper concludes that Living Labs can be a way of applying polycentric governance when autonomous and multi-scale decision-makers are collaboratively involved in the design of policy solutions, and vice-versa.
引文
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