阵列声波测井在储层裂缝识别中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地K区为例
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摘要
充满流体的裂缝其声阻抗与岩石声阻抗具有显著区别,当声波通过裂缝时,必然引起声波的能量衰减。为有效识别致密砂岩气藏单井裂缝发育段,首先利用鄂尔多斯盆地K区EXDT全波列数据经过一系列处理得到阵列声波幅度衰减曲线,然后应用岩心分析、薄片鉴定、微电阻率成像资料标定阵列声波幅度衰减曲线,明确了裂缝发育段的声波幅度衰减明显增大的响应特征,确定了裂缝发育段阵列声波幅度衰减曲线的界限值:纵波幅度衰减曲线值大于12.5 db/m、横波幅度衰减曲线值大于13 db/m、斯通利波幅度衰减曲线值大于5.6 db/m,较好地实现了单井裂缝段的识别。鄂尔多斯盆地K区实例井分析表明,千5、盒2、盒4和盒6段对应的阵列声波幅度衰减大,裂缝较为发育,是研究区的主力产层。裂缝较大地改善了致密砂岩储层的渗透率,对产能起到了积极贡献,因此单井裂缝发育段的准确划分对于射孔开发具有指导意义。
The acoustic impedance of fluid-filled fractures has a significant difference with that of rocks.The energy of the sound wave decays when the acoustic wave passes the fractures.In order to effectively identify the single-well fracture sections in tight sandstone gas reservoirs,based on the EXDT full wave processing data in Area K of Ordos Basin,the array acoustic wave amplitude attenuation features were analyzed and calibrated by the core analysis,thin slice observation and micro-resistivity imaging data.The response characteristics of the increment of the acoustic amplitude attenuation values were clarified,and the cutoff values were determined as:the compressional amplitude attenuation value is more than 12.5 db/m,the shear amplitude attenuation value is more than 13 db/m,and the Stoneley wave amplitude attenuation value is more than 5.6 db/m.As a result,the identification of single-well fracture sections was well achieved.The case analysis of Area K in Ordos Basin shows that the fractures in Layer Qian5,He2,He4 and He6 relatively develop corresponding to a significant amplitude attenuation of array acoustic wave,and have a good correspondence with the main producing interval.The fractures improve the permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs obviously and contribute positively to reservoirs productivity.Therefore the accurate identification of the single-well fracture section has a guiding significance for the perforation.
The acoustic impedance of fluid-filled fractures has a significant difference with that of rocks.The energy of the sound wave decays when the acoustic wave passes the fractures.In order to effectively identify the single-well fracture sections in tight sandstone gas reservoirs,based on the EXDT full wave processing data in Area K of Ordos Basin,the array acoustic wave amplitude attenuation features were analyzed and calibrated by the core analysis,thin slice observation and micro-resistivity imaging data.The response characteristics of the increment of the acoustic amplitude attenuation values were clarified,and the cutoff values were determined as:the compressional amplitude attenuation value is more than 12.5 db/m,the shear amplitude attenuation value is more than 13 db/m,and the Stoneley wave amplitude attenuation value is more than 5.6 db/m.As a result,the identification of single-well fracture sections was well achieved.The case analysis of Area K in Ordos Basin shows that the fractures in Layer Qian5,He2,He4 and He6 relatively develop corresponding to a significant amplitude attenuation of array acoustic wave,and have a good correspondence with the main producing interval.The fractures improve the permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs obviously and contribute positively to reservoirs productivity.Therefore the accurate identification of the single-well fracture section has a guiding significance for the perforation.
引文
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[18]李玉霞,李亚敏.MPAL多极子阵列声波测井仪[J].测井技术,2008,32(5):439-442.LI Yuxia,LI Yamin.Multipole acoustic array logging tool[J].Well Logging Technology,2008,32(5):439-442.
[19]王贵清.交叉式多极阵列声波(XMAC)测井资料的应用[J].国外测井技术,2003,18(2):18-19.WANG Guiqing.Application of logging data for Cross-Multipole Array Acoustilog(XMAC)[J].World Well Logging Technology,2003,18(2):18-19.
[20]王瑞甲,乔文孝,鞠晓东,等.利用国产多极子声波测井仪评价软地层声学性质的实例分析[J].声学技术,2008,27(5):272-273.WANG Ruijia,QIAO Wenxiao,JU Xiaodong,et al.Case study of soft formation evaluation by homemade multipole acoustic logging tool[J].Technical Acoustics,2008,27(5):272-273.
[21]胡红,罗宁,李联新.阵列声波资料在测井解释中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):97-101.HU Hong,LUO Ning,LI Lianxin.Application of array acoustic wave data in well logging interpretation[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):97-101.
[2]段昕婷,陈义国,贺永红,等.电导率异常检查裂缝识别方法与应用--以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深层低渗透砂岩为例[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):89-94.DUAN Xinting,CHEN Yiguo,HE Yonghong,et al.Application of conductivity anomaly detection technique for fracture identification:a case study on deep low-permeability sandstone in Yanchang Formation,the Ordos Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(1):89-94.
[3]陈彦虎,胡俊,蒋龙聪,等.利用常规测井曲线定量预测裂缝型孔隙度[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(6):7-11.CHEN Yanhu,HU Jun,JIANG Longcong,et al.Quantitative prediction of fractured porosity by using conventional logging curves[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(6):7-11.
[4]车世琦.四川盆地涪陵地区页岩裂缝测井定量识别[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(6):72-78.CHE Shiqi.Quantitative identification of shale fractures with logging in Fuling of Sichuan Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(6):72-78.
[5]舒志国,关红梅,喻璐,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层孔隙参数测井评价方法[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(1):38-43.SHU Zhiguo,GUAN Hongmei,YU Lu,et al.Well logging evaluation of pore parameters for shale gas reservoirs in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(1):38-43.
[6]苗清,秦华明,刘江,等.裂缝识别测井技术开发与应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(6):138-143.MIAO Qing,QIN Huaming,LIU Jiang,et al.Development of fracture identifying well-logging technique and its application[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(6):138-143.
[7]赖锦,王贵文,孙思勉,等.致密砂岩储层裂缝测井识别评价方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1 712-1 724.LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen,SUN Simian,et al.Research advances in logging recognition and evaluation method of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1 712-1 724.
[8]李佳阳,夏宁,秦启荣.成像测井评价致密碎屑岩储层的裂缝与含气性[J].测井技术,2007,31(1):17-20.LI Jiayang,XIA Ning,QIN Qirong.Fracture and gas-bearing evaluation of tight clastic reservoir with image logging[J].Well Logging Technology,2007,31(1):17-20.
[9]朱留方.交叉偶极子阵列声波测井资料在裂缝性储层评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(3):225-227.ZHU Liufang.Application of cross-dipole acoustic logging data in fractured reservoir evaluation[J].Well Logging Technology,2003,27(3):225-227.
[10]陈英.多极子阵列声波测井在滇泾油田长8储层中的裂缝识别[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2012,33(15):169.CHEN Ying.Fracture identification in Chang8 reservoir of Dianjing Oilfield by multipole array acoustic logging[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2012,33(15):169.
[11]唐军,章成广.阵列声波测井技术在识别碳酸盐岩储层类型中的应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(3):101-105,109.TAN Jun,ZHANG Chengguang.Application of array acoustic logging in recognizing carbonate reservoir types[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(3):101-105,109.
[12]尹帅,丁文龙,赵威,等.基于阵列声波测井的海陆过渡相碎屑岩地层裂缝识别方法[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(5):75-82.YIN Shuai,DING Wenlong,ZHAO Wei,et al.Fracture identification method for marine-continental transitional clastic rocks based on the array acoustic logging[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(5):75-82.
[13]刘喜杰,马遵敬,韩冬,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(4):481-490.LIU Xijie,MA Zunjing,HAN Dong,et al.Research on the main factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoir in Linxing block,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(4):481-490.
[14]陈刚,丁超,徐黎明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘紫金山侵入岩热演化史与隆升过程分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3 731-3 741.CHEN Gang,DING Chao,XU Liming,et al.Analysis on the thermal history and uplift process of Zijinshan intrusive complex in the eastern Ordos basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3 731-3 741.
[15]丁超,陈刚,张宏发,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部紫金山岩体地球化学与构造环境分析[J].矿物岩石,2011,31(3):74-81.DING Chao,CHEN Gang,ZHANG Hongfa,et al.Geochemical characteristics and geological environment of Zijinshan complex in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2011,31(3):74-81.
[16]刘西恩,孙志峰,仇傲,等.EXDT正交偶极阵列声波测井仪在地层各向异性评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2010,34(6):564-568.LIU Xien,SUN Zhifeng,QIU Ao,et al.Application of the EXDTcross-dipole array acoustic logging tool to anisotropic formations evaluation[J].Well Logging Technology,2010,34(6):564-568.
[17]刘西恩,孙志峰,仇傲.正交偶极阵列声波测井仪器(EXDT)及应用[C].青岛:中俄测井国际学术交流会,2010:20-25.LIU Xien,SUN Zhifeng,QIU Ao.Application of the EXDT crossdipole array logging tool[C].Qingdao:Sino-Russian International Symposium on Logging,2010:20-25.
[18]李玉霞,李亚敏.MPAL多极子阵列声波测井仪[J].测井技术,2008,32(5):439-442.LI Yuxia,LI Yamin.Multipole acoustic array logging tool[J].Well Logging Technology,2008,32(5):439-442.
[19]王贵清.交叉式多极阵列声波(XMAC)测井资料的应用[J].国外测井技术,2003,18(2):18-19.WANG Guiqing.Application of logging data for Cross-Multipole Array Acoustilog(XMAC)[J].World Well Logging Technology,2003,18(2):18-19.
[20]王瑞甲,乔文孝,鞠晓东,等.利用国产多极子声波测井仪评价软地层声学性质的实例分析[J].声学技术,2008,27(5):272-273.WANG Ruijia,QIAO Wenxiao,JU Xiaodong,et al.Case study of soft formation evaluation by homemade multipole acoustic logging tool[J].Technical Acoustics,2008,27(5):272-273.
[21]胡红,罗宁,李联新.阵列声波资料在测井解释中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):97-101.HU Hong,LUO Ning,LI Lianxin.Application of array acoustic wave data in well logging interpretation[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):97-101.