两种稻田除草剂引起的烟草药害及替代除草剂筛选试验
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摘要
【目的】筛选目前已引起药害的二氯喹啉酸和磺隆类除草剂替代品种。【方法】通过盆栽试验研究二氯喹啉酸和苄嘧磺隆对后茬作物烟草生长的影响。【结果】两种稻田除草剂均可对后茬烟草的株高、叶长和叶宽产生影响。其中,二氯喹啉酸对叶宽抑制最明显,严重时造成叶片狭长呈线型,失去商业价值,当土壤中二氯喹啉酸为2×10~(-4) mg/kg时,烟草叶宽抑制率达10%以上;苄嘧磺隆主要造成植株矮小,单株叶片数量减少,降低烟叶产量,土壤中苄嘧磺隆为2×10~(-3) mg/kg时,烟草株高抑制率在10%以上。【结论】乳氧禾草灵可替代磺隆类除草剂防治阔叶类杂草,对后茬作物烟草安全;丁草胺可替代二氯喹啉酸防治禾本科杂草;乙羧氟草醚对禾本科和阔叶类杂草防效较好,对水稻和后茬作物烟草安全,可替代磺隆类除草剂和二氯喹啉酸在水稻田中使用。
【Objective】To choose the safe herbicides, the field experiments were carried out.【Method】The pot experiment were conducted to study the influence on the growth of tobacco caused by two paddy herbicides. 【Result】The results indicated that Quinclorac and Bensulfuron-methyl could affected the height, leaf length and leaf width of tobacco.Quinclorac had significant effect on leaf width and made the blades to be narrow and linear with no commercial value. The inhibition rate of leaf width was up to 10% when the concentration of quinclorac in soil was 2×10~(-4) mg/kg. Moreover, the influence of Bensulfuron-methyl mainly included that plant dwarfed leaf number decreased and production dropped. The inhibition rate on plant height was more than 10% in case of 2×10~(-3) mg/kg Bensulfuron-methyl concentration in soil.【Conclusion】The result showed that Benzoicacid could be used as alternation agent to control broadleaf weeds instead of Bensulfuron-methyl. Butachlor could control gramineous weeds instead of Quinclorac. Fluoroglycofen-ethyl could control gramineous weeds and broadleaf weeds instead of Quinclorac and Bensulfuron-methy. Thus, three herbicides(Benzoicacid,Butachlor, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl) would be used in rice filed safely and no influence on stubble crop tobacco.
【Objective】To choose the safe herbicides, the field experiments were carried out.【Method】The pot experiment were conducted to study the influence on the growth of tobacco caused by two paddy herbicides. 【Result】The results indicated that Quinclorac and Bensulfuron-methyl could affected the height, leaf length and leaf width of tobacco.Quinclorac had significant effect on leaf width and made the blades to be narrow and linear with no commercial value. The inhibition rate of leaf width was up to 10% when the concentration of quinclorac in soil was 2×10~(-4) mg/kg. Moreover, the influence of Bensulfuron-methyl mainly included that plant dwarfed leaf number decreased and production dropped. The inhibition rate on plant height was more than 10% in case of 2×10~(-3) mg/kg Bensulfuron-methyl concentration in soil.【Conclusion】The result showed that Benzoicacid could be used as alternation agent to control broadleaf weeds instead of Bensulfuron-methyl. Butachlor could control gramineous weeds instead of Quinclorac. Fluoroglycofen-ethyl could control gramineous weeds and broadleaf weeds instead of Quinclorac and Bensulfuron-methy. Thus, three herbicides(Benzoicacid,Butachlor, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl) would be used in rice filed safely and no influence on stubble crop tobacco.
引文
[1]郝文波,李丽春,韩云,唐明,冯秀杰,张国宾,万树青.6种长效除草剂土壤残留致烟草药害症状及其致害临界值[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(9):80-82,89.HAO W B,LI L C,HAN Y,TANG M,FENG X J,ZHANG G B,WAN SQ.Study of critical concentration and symptoms in tobaccophytotoxicity caused by six soil residual herbicides[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013-40(9):80-82,89.
[2]单正军,陈祖义.除草剂对非靶植物(农作物)的危害影响及控制技术[J].农药科学与管理,2007,28(9):50-54.SHAN Z J,CHEN Z Y.Harmful effects of herbicides on non-target plants(crops)and control techniques[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2007,28(9):50-54.
[3]GROSSMANN K.Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides[J].Weed Science,1998,46(6):707-716.
[4]付春伶,张国宾.烟田残留除草剂药害治理研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(8):98-106.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.08.015.FU C L,ZHANG G B.Research on phytotoxicity control of tobacco herbicides residues[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(8):98-106.
[5]王诚浩,匡传富,唐文帮.烟稻轮作系统水稻除草剂用量对烟草叶片的影响及其土壤残留[J].作物研究,2015,29(8):864-867.WANG C H,KUANG C F,TANG W B.Effect of rice herbicides on tobacco leaf and its pedorelict in the tobacco-paddy rotation[J].Crop Research,2015,29(8):864-867.
[6]陈泽鹏,王静,万树青,邓建朝.烟区土壤残留二氯喹啉酸的消解动态[J].农药,2007,46(7):479-483.CHEN Z P,WANG J,WAN S Q,DENG J C.Degradation dynamic of quinclorac in soil of growing tobacco[J].Agrochemicals,2007,46(7):479-483.
[7]陈国奇,田兴山,冯莉.南方二氯喹啉酸残留药害早期诊断和预警亟待研究[J].杂草科学,2014,32(1):96-100.CHEN G Q,TIAN X S,FENG L.Early Diagnosis and prediction of crop injury caused by residual quinclorac:Urgent research agendas in Southern China[J].Journal of Weed Science,2014,32(1):96-100.
[8]张蕴睿,朱慧芹,汪文杰.皖南烟区植烟土壤除草剂应用现状[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(33):158-159.ZHANG Y R,ZHU H Q,WANG W J.Application status of herbicide in South Anhui tobacco soil[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(33):158-159.
[9]赵炎,陈晨,韩亮,李明梅,王新.微生物降解磺隆类除草剂的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(23):4443-4446.ZHAO Y,CHEN C,HAN L,LI M M,WANG X.The research progress of microbial degradation of sulfonylurea herbicide[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(23):4443-4446.
[10]黄庆,刘忠珍,黄玉芬,黄连喜,魏岚,李衍亮,杨少海,许桂芝.生物炭+石灰混合改良剂对稻田土壤pH、有效镉和糙米镉的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(9):63-68.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2017.09.010.HUANG Q,LIU Z Z,HUANG Y F,HUANG L X,WEI L,LI Y L,YANG S H,XU G Z.Effects of blended amendment(biochar+lime)on pH,available Cd in paddy soiland,Cd content inbrown rice[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(9):63-68.
[11]陈泽鹏,邓建朝,万树青,王静,詹振寿.二氯喹啉酸致烟草畸形的解毒剂筛选与解毒效果[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):453-456.doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2007.02.038CHEN Z P,DENG J C,WAN S Q,WANG J,ZHAN Z S.Detoxication of some chemicals for deformity of tobacco by quinclorac[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):453-456.
[12]杨森,黄化刚,龙友华,尹显慧,王英.除草剂土壤残留致烟草药害及其修复技术[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(3):61-67.doi:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.011.YANG S,HUANG H G,LONG Y H,YIN X H,WANG Y.Tobacco phytotoxicity caused by soil herbicide residues and the remediation techniques[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2017,36(3):61-67.
[13]杨彩宏,冯莉,田兴山,陶卫萍,岳茂峰,崔烨.二氯喹啉酸土壤残留对后茬蔬菜药害测定及修复研究[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(2):62-66.LI C H,FENG L,TIAN X S,TAO W P,YUE M F,CUI Y.Assay on the residue of quinclorac in soil to the succession vegetables and remediation effects of two antidotes[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(2):62-66.
[14]张国宾,冯秀杰,周星洋,邓松清,钟秋瓒,万树青.稻田除草剂残留对后茬作物烟草农艺性状和生理代谢的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(1):41-45.doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2016.01.007.ZHANG G B,FENG X J,ZHOU X Y,DENG S Q,ZHONG Q Z,WAN S Q.Effects of paddy herbicide residues on agronomic traits and physiological metabolism of tobacco[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2016,37(1):44-45.
[15]张倩,宋超,相振波,刘少云,闫晓阳,杨立强,李义强.四种典型稻田除草剂对烟草生长的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(5):82-88.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2013.05.014.ZHANG Q,SONG C,XIANG Z B,LIU S Y,YAN X Y,YANG L Q,LI YQ.Effects of 4 typical paddy herbicides on growth of tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(5):82-88.
[16]张仁阔,尹显慧,黄化刚,龙友华,吴小毛,陈斌,杨森,王茂聪,姚本柱.砜嘧磺隆土壤残留致烟草药害症状及其致害临界值[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):89-91.doi:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2015.05.018ZHANG R K,YIN X H,HUANG H G,LONG Y H,WU X M,CHENB,YANG S,WANG M C,YAO B Z.Symptoms of tobacco phytotoxicity caused by rimsulfuron and the critical concentration threshold[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2015,34(5):89-91.
[17]彭耀东,钟秋瓒,申昌优,刘小平,肖先仪,曾浩,万树青.几种解毒剂对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害的修复效果[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(11):46-50.PENG Y D,ZHONG Q Z,SHEN C Y,LIU X P,XIAO X Y,ZENG H,WAN S Q.Remediation effects of several antidotes on phytotoxicity of quinclorac to tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2014,26(11):46-50.
[18]LU Z M,LI Z M,SANC L Y,et al.Characterization of a strain capable of degrading a Herbicide mixture of quinclarac and bensulfuron methyl[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(5):554-563.
[19]LU Z M,WU S W,RUAN A D.Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of Buerkholderia cepecia WZI degrading quinclorac[J].Envion Sci Heal B,2003,38(6):771-782.
[20]董丽红,张功营,周星洋,杨恩兰,钟秋瓒,蔡灵娟,杨华,万树青.稻烟轮作区二氯喹啉酸替代除草剂品种的筛选[J].农药,2016,55(4):292-296.DONG L H,ZHANG G Y,ZHOU X Y,YANG E L,ZHONG Q Z,CAIL J,YANG H,WAN S Q.Screening of the alternative agents of rice paddy herbicide quinclorac in rice and tobacco rotation System[J].Agrochemicals,2016,55(4):292-296.
[2]单正军,陈祖义.除草剂对非靶植物(农作物)的危害影响及控制技术[J].农药科学与管理,2007,28(9):50-54.SHAN Z J,CHEN Z Y.Harmful effects of herbicides on non-target plants(crops)and control techniques[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2007,28(9):50-54.
[3]GROSSMANN K.Quinclorac belongs to a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides[J].Weed Science,1998,46(6):707-716.
[4]付春伶,张国宾.烟田残留除草剂药害治理研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(8):98-106.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.08.015.FU C L,ZHANG G B.Research on phytotoxicity control of tobacco herbicides residues[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(8):98-106.
[5]王诚浩,匡传富,唐文帮.烟稻轮作系统水稻除草剂用量对烟草叶片的影响及其土壤残留[J].作物研究,2015,29(8):864-867.WANG C H,KUANG C F,TANG W B.Effect of rice herbicides on tobacco leaf and its pedorelict in the tobacco-paddy rotation[J].Crop Research,2015,29(8):864-867.
[6]陈泽鹏,王静,万树青,邓建朝.烟区土壤残留二氯喹啉酸的消解动态[J].农药,2007,46(7):479-483.CHEN Z P,WANG J,WAN S Q,DENG J C.Degradation dynamic of quinclorac in soil of growing tobacco[J].Agrochemicals,2007,46(7):479-483.
[7]陈国奇,田兴山,冯莉.南方二氯喹啉酸残留药害早期诊断和预警亟待研究[J].杂草科学,2014,32(1):96-100.CHEN G Q,TIAN X S,FENG L.Early Diagnosis and prediction of crop injury caused by residual quinclorac:Urgent research agendas in Southern China[J].Journal of Weed Science,2014,32(1):96-100.
[8]张蕴睿,朱慧芹,汪文杰.皖南烟区植烟土壤除草剂应用现状[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(33):158-159.ZHANG Y R,ZHU H Q,WANG W J.Application status of herbicide in South Anhui tobacco soil[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(33):158-159.
[9]赵炎,陈晨,韩亮,李明梅,王新.微生物降解磺隆类除草剂的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(23):4443-4446.ZHAO Y,CHEN C,HAN L,LI M M,WANG X.The research progress of microbial degradation of sulfonylurea herbicide[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(23):4443-4446.
[10]黄庆,刘忠珍,黄玉芬,黄连喜,魏岚,李衍亮,杨少海,许桂芝.生物炭+石灰混合改良剂对稻田土壤pH、有效镉和糙米镉的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(9):63-68.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2017.09.010.HUANG Q,LIU Z Z,HUANG Y F,HUANG L X,WEI L,LI Y L,YANG S H,XU G Z.Effects of blended amendment(biochar+lime)on pH,available Cd in paddy soiland,Cd content inbrown rice[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(9):63-68.
[11]陈泽鹏,邓建朝,万树青,王静,詹振寿.二氯喹啉酸致烟草畸形的解毒剂筛选与解毒效果[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):453-456.doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2007.02.038CHEN Z P,DENG J C,WAN S Q,WANG J,ZHAN Z S.Detoxication of some chemicals for deformity of tobacco by quinclorac[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):453-456.
[12]杨森,黄化刚,龙友华,尹显慧,王英.除草剂土壤残留致烟草药害及其修复技术[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(3):61-67.doi:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.011.YANG S,HUANG H G,LONG Y H,YIN X H,WANG Y.Tobacco phytotoxicity caused by soil herbicide residues and the remediation techniques[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2017,36(3):61-67.
[13]杨彩宏,冯莉,田兴山,陶卫萍,岳茂峰,崔烨.二氯喹啉酸土壤残留对后茬蔬菜药害测定及修复研究[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(2):62-66.LI C H,FENG L,TIAN X S,TAO W P,YUE M F,CUI Y.Assay on the residue of quinclorac in soil to the succession vegetables and remediation effects of two antidotes[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(2):62-66.
[14]张国宾,冯秀杰,周星洋,邓松清,钟秋瓒,万树青.稻田除草剂残留对后茬作物烟草农艺性状和生理代谢的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2016,37(1):41-45.doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2016.01.007.ZHANG G B,FENG X J,ZHOU X Y,DENG S Q,ZHONG Q Z,WAN S Q.Effects of paddy herbicide residues on agronomic traits and physiological metabolism of tobacco[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2016,37(1):44-45.
[15]张倩,宋超,相振波,刘少云,闫晓阳,杨立强,李义强.四种典型稻田除草剂对烟草生长的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(5):82-88.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2013.05.014.ZHANG Q,SONG C,XIANG Z B,LIU S Y,YAN X Y,YANG L Q,LI YQ.Effects of 4 typical paddy herbicides on growth of tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(5):82-88.
[16]张仁阔,尹显慧,黄化刚,龙友华,吴小毛,陈斌,杨森,王茂聪,姚本柱.砜嘧磺隆土壤残留致烟草药害症状及其致害临界值[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):89-91.doi:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2015.05.018ZHANG R K,YIN X H,HUANG H G,LONG Y H,WU X M,CHENB,YANG S,WANG M C,YAO B Z.Symptoms of tobacco phytotoxicity caused by rimsulfuron and the critical concentration threshold[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2015,34(5):89-91.
[17]彭耀东,钟秋瓒,申昌优,刘小平,肖先仪,曾浩,万树青.几种解毒剂对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害的修复效果[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(11):46-50.PENG Y D,ZHONG Q Z,SHEN C Y,LIU X P,XIAO X Y,ZENG H,WAN S Q.Remediation effects of several antidotes on phytotoxicity of quinclorac to tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2014,26(11):46-50.
[18]LU Z M,LI Z M,SANC L Y,et al.Characterization of a strain capable of degrading a Herbicide mixture of quinclarac and bensulfuron methyl[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(5):554-563.
[19]LU Z M,WU S W,RUAN A D.Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of Buerkholderia cepecia WZI degrading quinclorac[J].Envion Sci Heal B,2003,38(6):771-782.
[20]董丽红,张功营,周星洋,杨恩兰,钟秋瓒,蔡灵娟,杨华,万树青.稻烟轮作区二氯喹啉酸替代除草剂品种的筛选[J].农药,2016,55(4):292-296.DONG L H,ZHANG G Y,ZHOU X Y,YANG E L,ZHONG Q Z,CAIL J,YANG H,WAN S Q.Screening of the alternative agents of rice paddy herbicide quinclorac in rice and tobacco rotation System[J].Agrochemicals,2016,55(4):292-296.