宁波地区一次重污染天气过程的成因分析
|
摘要
以2015年1月25—26日宁波地区重度霾污染过程为例,利用常规地面站资料、颗粒物观测数据、M ODIS产品、气溶胶激光雷达数据、探空数据及轨迹模拟模式,从气象条件和污染源输送分析了此次污染过程的形成原因。结果表明,污染过程颗粒物主要集中在近地面800 m以下,北方弱冷空气南下携带的污染物近距离输送造成宁波地区颗粒物浓度迅速增加。中低层旺盛的西南暖湿气流使该地区维持高湿,空气中大量水汽包裹颗粒物下沉,造成污染加剧。逆温和高湿的气象条件,不利于污染物的扩散,导致颗粒物浓度积累增长。污染过程结束于北方强冷空气南下时,此时风速增加,扩散条件转好。
Heavy haze occurred frequently over Ningbo on 25—26 January 2015. The impact factors of the heavy air pollution process were analyzed by using the conventional data from ground stations,particulate-monitoring observations,MODIS product,vertical sounding data,aerosol radar data and trajectory simulation model. The results showthat the process of particulate matter pollution mainly concentrated near the ground,and the pollutants carried by northern cold air to southward close delivery increased the concentration of particular matter over Ningbo. The abundant water vapor from southwest wrapped particulates and sank,resulting in increased pollution. Inversion and high humidity conditions suppressed the spread of pollutants,which led to accumulation of particulate matter. The process ends with strong cold air to southward,north wind speed increased and the diffusion conditions turn better.
Heavy haze occurred frequently over Ningbo on 25—26 January 2015. The impact factors of the heavy air pollution process were analyzed by using the conventional data from ground stations,particulate-monitoring observations,MODIS product,vertical sounding data,aerosol radar data and trajectory simulation model. The results showthat the process of particulate matter pollution mainly concentrated near the ground,and the pollutants carried by northern cold air to southward close delivery increased the concentration of particular matter over Ningbo. The abundant water vapor from southwest wrapped particulates and sank,resulting in increased pollution. Inversion and high humidity conditions suppressed the spread of pollutants,which led to accumulation of particulate matter. The process ends with strong cold air to southward,north wind speed increased and the diffusion conditions turn better.
引文
Flocas H,Kelessis A,Helmis C,et al.2009.Synoptic and local scale atmospheric circulation associated with air pollution episodes in an urban Mediterranean area[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,95(3):265-277.
Giorgi F,Meleux F.2007.Modelling the regional effects of climate change on air quality[J].Comptes Rendus Geoscience,339(11):721-733.
Huang Zhongwei,Huang Jianping,Bi Jianrong,et al.2010.Dust aerosol vertical structure measurements using three MPL lidars during2008 China-U.S.joint dust field experiment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,115(D7):1307-1314.
陈雷华,余晔,陈晋北,等.2010.2001-2007年兰州市主要大气污染物特征分析[J].高原气象,29(6):1627-1633.Chen Leihua,Yu Ye,Chen Jinbei,et al.2010.Characteristics of main air pollution in Lanzhou during 2001-2007[J].Plateau Meteor,29(6):1627-1633.
杜川利,唐晓,李星敏,等.2014.城市边界层高度变化特征与颗粒物浓度影响分析[J].高原气象,33(5):1383-1392.Du Chuanli,Tang Xiao,Li Xingmin,et al.2014.Calculations of planetary boundary layer height and its relationship with particle size concentration in Xi’an city[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1383-1392.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00077.
郭英莲,王继竹,刘希文.2014.武汉地区连续两次严重雾霾天气成因分析[J].高原气象,33(5):1411-1420.Guo Yinglian,Wang Jizhu,Liu Xiwen.2014.Cause analysis of two continuous serious fog and haze weather in Wuhan area[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1411-1420.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00079.
贺千山,毛节泰.2004.微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展[J].气象科技,32(4):219-224.He Qianshan,Mao Jietai.2004.Micro-Pulse lidar and its application[J].Meteor Sci Technol,32(4):219-224.
黄文声,李真,李权镐,等.2009.香港及珠三角地区MODIS高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度的反演[J].环境科学学报,29(7):1372-1380.Wong MS,Nichol J,Lee K H,et al.2009.Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness over Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region using MODIS satellite data[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,29(7):1372-1380.
黄祖照,董云升,刘建国,等.2013.珠三角地区一次灰霾天气过程激光雷达观测与分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,8(2):114-123.Huang Zuzhao,Dong Yunsheng,Liu Jianguo,et al.2013.Observation and analysis of a haze process in Pearl River Delta region using lidar[J].J Atmos Environ Opt,8(2):114-123.
马井会,张国琏,耿福海,等.2013.上海地区一次典型连续浮尘天气过程分析[J].中国环境科学,33(4):584-593.Ma Jinghui,Zhang Guolian,Geng Fuhai,et al.2013.Analysis of a typical dust event in Shanghai[J].China Environ Sci,33(4):584-593.
任阵海,苏福庆,高庆先,等.2005.边界层内大气排放物形成重污染背景解析[J].大气科学,29(1):57-63.Ren Zhenhai,Su Fuqing,Gao Qingxian,et al.2005.Analysis of the serious atmospheric pollution event caused by emissions in boundary layer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(1):57-63.
王莉,赵渊,杨显明,等.2015.基于时间序列模型与残差控制图的兰州市空气质量研究[J].高原气象,34(1):230-236.Wang Li,Zhao Yuan,Yang Xianming,et al.2015.Prediction of air quality in Lanzhou using time series model and residual control chart[J].Plateau Meteor,34(1):230-236.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00150.
王耀庭,李威,张小玲,等.2012.北京城区夏季静稳天气下大气边界层与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学研究,25(10):1092-1098.Wang Yaoting,Li Wei,Zhang Xiaoling,et al.2012.Relationship between atmospheric boundary layer and air pollution in summer stable weather in the Beijing urban area[J].Res Environ Sci,25(10):1092-1098.
王郁,侯青.2012.2000-2010年北京空气持续污染特征研究[J].高原气象,31(6):1675-1681.Wang Yu,Hou Qing.2012.Study on characteristic of persistent air pollution in Beijing from2000 to 2010[J].Plateau Meteor,31(6):1675-1681.
王苑,耿福海,陈勇航,等.2013.基于微脉冲激光雷达的上海浦东地区不同强度霾研究[J].中国环境科学,33(1):21-29.Wang Yuan,Geng Fuhai,Chen Yonghang,et al.2013.Study of haze with different intensity categories at Pudong District in Shanghai based on micro-pulse lidar[J].China Environ Sci,33(1):21-29.
王跃,王莉莉,赵广娜,等.2014.北京冬季PM2.5重污染时段不同尺度环流形势及边界层结构分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):173-184.Wang Yue,Wang Lili,Zhao Guangna,et al.2014.Analysis of different-scales circulation patterns and boundary layer structure of PM2.5heavy pollutions in Beijing during winter[J].Climatic Environ Res(in Chinese),19(2):173-184.
王跃思,张军科,王莉莉,等.2014.京津冀区域大气霾污染研究意义、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展,29(3):388-396.Wang Yuesi,Zhang Junke,Wang Lili,et al.2014.Researching significance,status and expectation of haze in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Adv Earth Sci,29(3):388-396.
尉鹏,任阵海,王文杰,等.2015.2014年10月中国东部持续重污染天气成因分析[J].环境科学研究,28(5):676-683.Wei Peng,Ren Zhenhai,Wang Wenjie,et al.2015.Analysis of meteorological conditions and formation mechanisms of lasting heavy air pollution in eastern China in October 2014[J].Res Environ Sci,28(5):676-683.
夏志业,刘志红,王永前,等.2015.MODIS气溶胶光学厚度的PM2.5质量浓度遥感反演研究[J].高原气象,34(6):1765-1771.Xia Zhiye,Liu Zhihong,Wang Yongqian,et al.2015.Research on ground-level PM2.5mass concentration retrieval based on MODIS aerosol optical thickness[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1765-1771.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00075.
肖钟湧,江洪,陈健,等.2010.利用MODIS遥感数据反演广州市气溶胶光学厚度[J].中国环境科学,30(5):577-584.Xiao Zhongyong,Jiang Hong,Chen Jian,et al.2010.The retrieval of aerosol optical thickness with high spatial resolution using MODISdata over Guangzhou[J].China Environ Sci,30(5):577-584.
徐婷婷,秦艳,耿福海,等.2012.环上海地区干霾气溶胶垂直分布的季节变化特征[J].环境科学,33(7):2165-2171.Xu Tingting,Qing Yan,Geng Fuhai,et al.2012.Seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of aerosols during dry haze periods in regions around Shanghai[J].Environ Sci,33(7):2165-2171.
徐祥德,丁国安,卞林根.2006.北京城市大气环境污染机理与调控原理[J].应用气象学报,17(6):815-828.Xu Xiangde,Ding Guoan,Bian Lingen.2006.Beijing city air pollution observation experiment[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,17(6):815-828.
严国梁,韩永翔,张祥志,等.2014.南京地区一次灰霾天气的微脉冲激光雷达观测分析[J].中国环境科学,34(7):1667-1672.Yan Guoliang,Han Yongxiang,Zhang Xiangzhi,et al.2014.A-nalysis of a haze event in Nanjing with micro-pulse lidar measurements[J].China Environ Sci,34(7):1667-1672.
杨武,罗秋红,李晓娜,等.2012.2006-2008年秋季广州市重大气污染过程特征研究[J].热带气象学报,28(1):123-133.Yang Wu,Luo Qiuhong,Li Xiaona,et al.2012.Research of the characteristics of heavy air pollution process in the fall 2006-2008[J].J Trop Meteor,28(1):123-133.
张国琏,甄新蓉,谈建国,等.2010.影响上海市空气质量的地面天气类型及气象要素分析[J].热带气象学报,26(1):124-128.Zhang Guolian,Zhen Xinrong,Tan Jianguo,et al.2010.The A-nalysis of the relationship between the air quality in Shanghai and surface pressure patterns and meteorological factors[J].J Trop Meteor,26(1):124-128.
张杰,唐从国.2012.干旱区一次春季沙尘过程的大气气溶胶垂直分布结构及其特征[J].高原气象,31(1):156-166.Zhang Jie,Tang Congguo.2012.Vertical distribution structure and characteristic of aerosol over Arid region in a dust process of spring[J].Plateau Meteor,31(1):156-166.
张美根,胡非,邹捍,等.2008.大气边界层物理与大气环境过程研究进展[J].大气科学,32(4):923-934.Zhang Meigen,Hu Fei,Zou Han,et al.2008.An overviewof recent studies on atmospheric boundary layer physics and atmospheric environment in LAPC[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,32(4):923-934.
Giorgi F,Meleux F.2007.Modelling the regional effects of climate change on air quality[J].Comptes Rendus Geoscience,339(11):721-733.
Huang Zhongwei,Huang Jianping,Bi Jianrong,et al.2010.Dust aerosol vertical structure measurements using three MPL lidars during2008 China-U.S.joint dust field experiment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,115(D7):1307-1314.
陈雷华,余晔,陈晋北,等.2010.2001-2007年兰州市主要大气污染物特征分析[J].高原气象,29(6):1627-1633.Chen Leihua,Yu Ye,Chen Jinbei,et al.2010.Characteristics of main air pollution in Lanzhou during 2001-2007[J].Plateau Meteor,29(6):1627-1633.
杜川利,唐晓,李星敏,等.2014.城市边界层高度变化特征与颗粒物浓度影响分析[J].高原气象,33(5):1383-1392.Du Chuanli,Tang Xiao,Li Xingmin,et al.2014.Calculations of planetary boundary layer height and its relationship with particle size concentration in Xi’an city[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1383-1392.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00077.
郭英莲,王继竹,刘希文.2014.武汉地区连续两次严重雾霾天气成因分析[J].高原气象,33(5):1411-1420.Guo Yinglian,Wang Jizhu,Liu Xiwen.2014.Cause analysis of two continuous serious fog and haze weather in Wuhan area[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1411-1420.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00079.
贺千山,毛节泰.2004.微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展[J].气象科技,32(4):219-224.He Qianshan,Mao Jietai.2004.Micro-Pulse lidar and its application[J].Meteor Sci Technol,32(4):219-224.
黄文声,李真,李权镐,等.2009.香港及珠三角地区MODIS高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度的反演[J].环境科学学报,29(7):1372-1380.Wong MS,Nichol J,Lee K H,et al.2009.Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness over Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region using MODIS satellite data[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,29(7):1372-1380.
黄祖照,董云升,刘建国,等.2013.珠三角地区一次灰霾天气过程激光雷达观测与分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,8(2):114-123.Huang Zuzhao,Dong Yunsheng,Liu Jianguo,et al.2013.Observation and analysis of a haze process in Pearl River Delta region using lidar[J].J Atmos Environ Opt,8(2):114-123.
马井会,张国琏,耿福海,等.2013.上海地区一次典型连续浮尘天气过程分析[J].中国环境科学,33(4):584-593.Ma Jinghui,Zhang Guolian,Geng Fuhai,et al.2013.Analysis of a typical dust event in Shanghai[J].China Environ Sci,33(4):584-593.
任阵海,苏福庆,高庆先,等.2005.边界层内大气排放物形成重污染背景解析[J].大气科学,29(1):57-63.Ren Zhenhai,Su Fuqing,Gao Qingxian,et al.2005.Analysis of the serious atmospheric pollution event caused by emissions in boundary layer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(1):57-63.
王莉,赵渊,杨显明,等.2015.基于时间序列模型与残差控制图的兰州市空气质量研究[J].高原气象,34(1):230-236.Wang Li,Zhao Yuan,Yang Xianming,et al.2015.Prediction of air quality in Lanzhou using time series model and residual control chart[J].Plateau Meteor,34(1):230-236.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00150.
王耀庭,李威,张小玲,等.2012.北京城区夏季静稳天气下大气边界层与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学研究,25(10):1092-1098.Wang Yaoting,Li Wei,Zhang Xiaoling,et al.2012.Relationship between atmospheric boundary layer and air pollution in summer stable weather in the Beijing urban area[J].Res Environ Sci,25(10):1092-1098.
王郁,侯青.2012.2000-2010年北京空气持续污染特征研究[J].高原气象,31(6):1675-1681.Wang Yu,Hou Qing.2012.Study on characteristic of persistent air pollution in Beijing from2000 to 2010[J].Plateau Meteor,31(6):1675-1681.
王苑,耿福海,陈勇航,等.2013.基于微脉冲激光雷达的上海浦东地区不同强度霾研究[J].中国环境科学,33(1):21-29.Wang Yuan,Geng Fuhai,Chen Yonghang,et al.2013.Study of haze with different intensity categories at Pudong District in Shanghai based on micro-pulse lidar[J].China Environ Sci,33(1):21-29.
王跃,王莉莉,赵广娜,等.2014.北京冬季PM2.5重污染时段不同尺度环流形势及边界层结构分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):173-184.Wang Yue,Wang Lili,Zhao Guangna,et al.2014.Analysis of different-scales circulation patterns and boundary layer structure of PM2.5heavy pollutions in Beijing during winter[J].Climatic Environ Res(in Chinese),19(2):173-184.
王跃思,张军科,王莉莉,等.2014.京津冀区域大气霾污染研究意义、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展,29(3):388-396.Wang Yuesi,Zhang Junke,Wang Lili,et al.2014.Researching significance,status and expectation of haze in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Adv Earth Sci,29(3):388-396.
尉鹏,任阵海,王文杰,等.2015.2014年10月中国东部持续重污染天气成因分析[J].环境科学研究,28(5):676-683.Wei Peng,Ren Zhenhai,Wang Wenjie,et al.2015.Analysis of meteorological conditions and formation mechanisms of lasting heavy air pollution in eastern China in October 2014[J].Res Environ Sci,28(5):676-683.
夏志业,刘志红,王永前,等.2015.MODIS气溶胶光学厚度的PM2.5质量浓度遥感反演研究[J].高原气象,34(6):1765-1771.Xia Zhiye,Liu Zhihong,Wang Yongqian,et al.2015.Research on ground-level PM2.5mass concentration retrieval based on MODIS aerosol optical thickness[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1765-1771.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00075.
肖钟湧,江洪,陈健,等.2010.利用MODIS遥感数据反演广州市气溶胶光学厚度[J].中国环境科学,30(5):577-584.Xiao Zhongyong,Jiang Hong,Chen Jian,et al.2010.The retrieval of aerosol optical thickness with high spatial resolution using MODISdata over Guangzhou[J].China Environ Sci,30(5):577-584.
徐婷婷,秦艳,耿福海,等.2012.环上海地区干霾气溶胶垂直分布的季节变化特征[J].环境科学,33(7):2165-2171.Xu Tingting,Qing Yan,Geng Fuhai,et al.2012.Seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of aerosols during dry haze periods in regions around Shanghai[J].Environ Sci,33(7):2165-2171.
徐祥德,丁国安,卞林根.2006.北京城市大气环境污染机理与调控原理[J].应用气象学报,17(6):815-828.Xu Xiangde,Ding Guoan,Bian Lingen.2006.Beijing city air pollution observation experiment[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,17(6):815-828.
严国梁,韩永翔,张祥志,等.2014.南京地区一次灰霾天气的微脉冲激光雷达观测分析[J].中国环境科学,34(7):1667-1672.Yan Guoliang,Han Yongxiang,Zhang Xiangzhi,et al.2014.A-nalysis of a haze event in Nanjing with micro-pulse lidar measurements[J].China Environ Sci,34(7):1667-1672.
杨武,罗秋红,李晓娜,等.2012.2006-2008年秋季广州市重大气污染过程特征研究[J].热带气象学报,28(1):123-133.Yang Wu,Luo Qiuhong,Li Xiaona,et al.2012.Research of the characteristics of heavy air pollution process in the fall 2006-2008[J].J Trop Meteor,28(1):123-133.
张国琏,甄新蓉,谈建国,等.2010.影响上海市空气质量的地面天气类型及气象要素分析[J].热带气象学报,26(1):124-128.Zhang Guolian,Zhen Xinrong,Tan Jianguo,et al.2010.The A-nalysis of the relationship between the air quality in Shanghai and surface pressure patterns and meteorological factors[J].J Trop Meteor,26(1):124-128.
张杰,唐从国.2012.干旱区一次春季沙尘过程的大气气溶胶垂直分布结构及其特征[J].高原气象,31(1):156-166.Zhang Jie,Tang Congguo.2012.Vertical distribution structure and characteristic of aerosol over Arid region in a dust process of spring[J].Plateau Meteor,31(1):156-166.
张美根,胡非,邹捍,等.2008.大气边界层物理与大气环境过程研究进展[J].大气科学,32(4):923-934.Zhang Meigen,Hu Fei,Zou Han,et al.2008.An overviewof recent studies on atmospheric boundary layer physics and atmospheric environment in LAPC[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,32(4):923-934.