柴达木盆地坪西地区副变质岩储集层特征
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摘要
基于岩心、薄片、扫描电镜与测井等资料,运用全岩X光衍射、微米CT扫描方法,系统分析了柴达木盆地坪西地区副变质岩储集层特征。研究区副变质岩储集层岩石类型主要有板岩、钙质片岩和结晶灰岩3种,原岩为奥陶系—志留系的海相碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩。3类副变质岩储集层发育3大类6亚类储集空间类型,第1类为裂缝,包括构造缝、风化节理缝和溶蚀缝;第2类为溶蚀孔隙,包括溶孔和溶洞;第3类为纳米级晶间孔隙。受裂缝的发育程度和类型控制,3类副变质岩储集层孔喉的数量、体积和半径存在显著的差异。坪西地区副变质岩储集层成因于变质、风化、构造碎裂和溶蚀4种地质作用,其中变质作用对副变质岩类储集层形成具重要的建设作用,可打破传统局限于寻找顶部风化壳的束缚。副变质岩储集层形成经历了5个主要演化阶段,其分布受控于岩石类型、变质程度、古地貌和风化强度。
Based on core, thin-section, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and well logging data, the characteristics of the parametamorphic rock reservoirs in the Pingxi area were analyzed by means of whole rock X-ray diffraction and micron CT scanning. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs mainly had three types of rocks: slate, crystalline limestone and calc-schist; the original rocks were Ordovician-Silurian marine clastic and carbonate rocks. The three types of parametamorphic rock reservoirs developed three types and six sub-types of reservoir space. The first type of reservoir space was fractures, including structural, weathered and dissolution fractures; the second type was dissolved porosities, including dissolved pores and caves; the third type was nano-sized intercrystalline porosities. The three types of parametamorphic rock reservoirs were different widely in the quantity, volume and radius of pore-throats, and were strongly affected by the type and development degree of fractures. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs were formed by metamorphism, weathering, structural fragmentation and dissolution. Metamorphism reformed the parametamorphic rock reservoirs significantly, breaking the traditional constraint of finding weathering crust at top. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs experienced five formation stages, and their distribution was controlled by rock type, metamorphic degree, ancient geomorphology, and weathering intensity.
Based on core, thin-section, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and well logging data, the characteristics of the parametamorphic rock reservoirs in the Pingxi area were analyzed by means of whole rock X-ray diffraction and micron CT scanning. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs mainly had three types of rocks: slate, crystalline limestone and calc-schist; the original rocks were Ordovician-Silurian marine clastic and carbonate rocks. The three types of parametamorphic rock reservoirs developed three types and six sub-types of reservoir space. The first type of reservoir space was fractures, including structural, weathered and dissolution fractures; the second type was dissolved porosities, including dissolved pores and caves; the third type was nano-sized intercrystalline porosities. The three types of parametamorphic rock reservoirs were different widely in the quantity, volume and radius of pore-throats, and were strongly affected by the type and development degree of fractures. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs were formed by metamorphism, weathering, structural fragmentation and dissolution. Metamorphism reformed the parametamorphic rock reservoirs significantly, breaking the traditional constraint of finding weathering crust at top. The parametamorphic rock reservoirs experienced five formation stages, and their distribution was controlled by rock type, metamorphic degree, ancient geomorphology, and weathering intensity.
引文
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[19]巨银娟,张小莉,张永庶.柴达木盆地西北缘阿尔金山前基岩年代学研究[J].辽宁化工,2018,47(1):28-29.JU Yinjuan,ZHANG Xiaoli,ZHANG Yongshu.Geochronology of bedrocks in Altyn Mountain in the Northwestern Edge of Qaidam Basin[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2018,47(1):28-29.
[20]王龙,宇峰,刘智贤,等.中祁连西段托赖岩群变质岩的原岩恢复及其构造环境[J].地质通报,2016,35(9):1448-1455.WANG Long,YU Feng,LIU Zhixian,et al.Reconstruction of protoliths of metamorphic rocks of the Tuolai Group and its tectonic setting[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(9):1448-1455.
[21]国家能源局.油气储层评价方法:SY/T 6285-2011[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.National Energy Administration.Evaluation method of oil and gas reservoirs:SY/T 6285-2011[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[22]刘占国,朱超,李森明,等.柴达木盆地西部地区致密油地质特征及勘探领域[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):196-204.LIU Zhanguo,ZHU Chao,LI Senming,et al.Geological features and exploration fields of tight oil in the Cenozoic of western Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):196-204.
[2]袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):657-668.YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang.New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):657-668.
[3]?ELIK?F,DELALOYE M F.Characteristics of ophiolite-related metamorphic rocks in the Beysehir ophiolitic me′lange(Central Taurides,Turkey),deduced from whole rock and mineral chemistry[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2006,26(5):461-476.
[4]BROGI A.Foliation relationships and structural facing vs.vergence determinations in refolded low-grade metamorphic rocks:An example from the Tuscan Metamorphic‘Basement’(Northern Apennines,Italy)[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(1):115-128.
[5]KISCH H J.Development of slaty cleavage and degree of very-low-grade metamorphism:A review[J].Journal of Metamorphic Geology,2007,9(6):735-750.
[6]孟卫工,李晓光,刘宝鸿.辽河坳陷变质岩古潜山内幕油藏形成主控因素分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):584-589.MENG Weigong,LI Xiaoguang,LIU Baohong.Main factors controlling the formation of interior reservoirs in the metamorphic palaeo-buried hills of the Liaohe Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):584-589.
[7]周心怀,项华,于水,等.渤海锦州南变质岩潜山油藏储集层特征与发育控制因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(6):17-20.ZHOU Xinhuai,XIANG Hua,YU Shui,et al.Reservoir characteristics and development controlling factors of JZSNeo-Archean metamorphic buried hill oil pool in Bohai Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(6):17-20.
[8]宋柏荣,胡英杰,边少之,等.辽河坳陷兴隆台潜山结晶基岩油气储层特征[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):77-82.SONG Bairong,HU Yingjie,BIAN Shaozhi,et al.Reservoir characteristics of the crystal basement in the Xinglongtai buried-hill,Liaohe Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):77-82.
[9]童凯军,赵春明,吕坐彬,等.渤海变质岩潜山油藏储集层综合评价与裂缝表征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):56-63.TONG Kaijun,ZHAO Chunming,LYU Zuobin,et al.Reservoir evaluation and fracture characterization of the metamorphic buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):56-63.
[10]刘乐,杨明慧,李春霞,等.辽西低凸起变质岩潜山裂缝储层及成藏条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):188-194.LIU Le,YANG Minghui,LI Chunxia,et al.Fractured reservoirs in metamorphic buried-hills in the Liaoxi low uplift and their hydrocarbon accumulation conditions[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(2):188-194.
[11]林松辉,王华,张桂霞,等.东营凹陷西部潜山油气藏特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(4):360-363.LIN Songhui,WANG Hua,ZHANG Guixia,et al.Pool features of buried hill in west part of Dongying Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,21(4):360-363.
[12]张吉光,王金奎,秦龙卜,等.海拉尔盆地贝尔断陷苏德尔特变质岩潜山油藏特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):21-25.ZHANG Jiguang,WANG Jinkui,QIN Longbo,et al.Characteristics of metamorphic buried hill reservoir in Sude’erte of Beir Fault Depression in Hailar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):21-25.
[13]王玉华,张吉光,张海军.海拉尔盆地贝尔断陷布达特群变质岩储层特征及勘探方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(2):23-30.WANG Yuhua,ZHANG Jiguang,ZHANG Haijun.Reservoir characteristics and exploration method of metamorphic rock in Budate Group in Beier Rift of Hailaer Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(2):23-30.
[14]冯子辉,孙春林,刘伟,等.松辽盆地基底浅变质岩的有机地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2005,34(1):73-78.FENG Zihui,SUN Chunlin,LIU Wei,et al.Organic geochemistry of epimetamorphic rock in basement of the Songliao Basin[J].Geochimica,2005,34(1):73-78.
[15]杨春,戴金星,陈汉林,等.浅变质岩热模拟实验及天然气成藏潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):200-207.YANG Chun,DAI Jinxing,CHEN Hanlin,et al.Pyrolysis experiment and reservoir-forming potential of epimetamorphic rock[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):200-207.
[16]陈琰.柴达木盆地马北油田变质基岩储层描述[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010.CHEN Yan.Description of metamorphic bedrock reservoir in Mabei oilfield,Qaidam Basin[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2010.
[17]李建明,史玲玲,汪立群,等.柴西南地区昆北断阶带基岩油藏储层特征分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):20-23.LI Jianming,SHI Lingling,WANG Liqun,et al.Characteristics of basement reservoir in Kunbei fault terrace belt in southwestern Qaidam Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(2):20-23.
[18]马峰,阎存凤,马达德,等.柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩储集层气藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):266-273.MA Feng,YAN Cunfeng,MA Dade,et al.Bedrock gas reservoirs in Dongping area of Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):266-273.
[19]巨银娟,张小莉,张永庶.柴达木盆地西北缘阿尔金山前基岩年代学研究[J].辽宁化工,2018,47(1):28-29.JU Yinjuan,ZHANG Xiaoli,ZHANG Yongshu.Geochronology of bedrocks in Altyn Mountain in the Northwestern Edge of Qaidam Basin[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2018,47(1):28-29.
[20]王龙,宇峰,刘智贤,等.中祁连西段托赖岩群变质岩的原岩恢复及其构造环境[J].地质通报,2016,35(9):1448-1455.WANG Long,YU Feng,LIU Zhixian,et al.Reconstruction of protoliths of metamorphic rocks of the Tuolai Group and its tectonic setting[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(9):1448-1455.
[21]国家能源局.油气储层评价方法:SY/T 6285-2011[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.National Energy Administration.Evaluation method of oil and gas reservoirs:SY/T 6285-2011[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[22]刘占国,朱超,李森明,等.柴达木盆地西部地区致密油地质特征及勘探领域[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):196-204.LIU Zhanguo,ZHU Chao,LI Senming,et al.Geological features and exploration fields of tight oil in the Cenozoic of western Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):196-204.