西沙群岛草海桐的抗逆生物学特性
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摘要
热带珊瑚岛由于光照强、季节性干旱明显、土壤贫瘠、保水能力差而少有植物生长。草海桐(Scaevola sericea)是一种典型的热带滨海植物,是西沙群岛珊瑚岛植被中的主要建群种,在海岛和海岸带防风固沙及植被生态恢复等方面发挥着重要作用。该研究对西沙群岛自然环境下草海桐的形态解剖学特征、抗氧化能力、抗逆性物质含量及营养元素含量等进行了研究。结果表明:草海桐具有阳生性植物特征,叶片及上表皮厚、气孔密度小、导管直径及水力导管直径大,有利于其适应珊瑚岛干旱环境;其体内的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与其他受胁迫植物相比较要高,脱落酸含量也较高,表明草海桐对珊瑚岛环境具有较强的适应性及抗逆性;其根际土壤养分含量偏低,但植物体内营养元素含量却较高,表明草海桐对土壤养分的利用效率高。这说明草海桐能够很好地适应干旱、贫瘠的珊瑚砂环境,具有较强的抗逆及适应能力。
There are few plants in tropical coral islands because of hard light,obvious seasonal drought,barren soil and poor water retention capacity of soil. As a typical coastal plant species and the main constructive species of coral island vegetation in Paracel Islands,Scaevola sericea plays important roles in sand-fixation,wind resistance and ecological restoration on the vegetation of islands and coastal zones. In this study,we analyzed the morphological and anatomical characteristics,antioxidant capacity,resistant substance contents and nutrient compositions of S. sericea growing in the natural habitat in Paracel Islands. The results showed that S. sericea was a heliophyte with thick leaf and epicuticle,low stomatal density and large vessel diameter and hydraulically weighted vessel diameter,which helps S. sericea adapt to the drought,high temperature and intense light irradiation. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher than those of other plants under stress,and the high content of abscisic acid in the leaves revealed that S. sericea had strong adaptability and resistance. The contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of S. sericea were higher than those in rhizosphere soil,indicating that S. sericea has strong stress resistance and good adaptability to the arid and barren environment.
There are few plants in tropical coral islands because of hard light,obvious seasonal drought,barren soil and poor water retention capacity of soil. As a typical coastal plant species and the main constructive species of coral island vegetation in Paracel Islands,Scaevola sericea plays important roles in sand-fixation,wind resistance and ecological restoration on the vegetation of islands and coastal zones. In this study,we analyzed the morphological and anatomical characteristics,antioxidant capacity,resistant substance contents and nutrient compositions of S. sericea growing in the natural habitat in Paracel Islands. The results showed that S. sericea was a heliophyte with thick leaf and epicuticle,low stomatal density and large vessel diameter and hydraulically weighted vessel diameter,which helps S. sericea adapt to the drought,high temperature and intense light irradiation. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher than those of other plants under stress,and the high content of abscisic acid in the leaves revealed that S. sericea had strong adaptability and resistance. The contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of S. sericea were higher than those in rhizosphere soil,indicating that S. sericea has strong stress resistance and good adaptability to the arid and barren environment.
引文
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GUO Y,XIA KF,ZHANG M,et al,2016.Cloning and sequence analysis of Actin gene fragment of coastal plants Scaevola sericea[J].Biotechnol World,(5):39-40.[郭艳,夏快飞,张美,等,2016.滨海适生植物草海桐Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析[J].生物技术世界,(5):39-40.]
GOWER ST,KUCHARIK CJ,NORMAN JM,1999.Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index,fAPAR,and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems[J].Remote Sens Environ,70(1):29-51.
KARIM AL,YUAN L,QIMAN YNS,et al,2004.Effect of salt tolerance on activity of SOD,CAT,POD of Pistachio[J].Xinjiang Agric Sci,41(3):129-134.[克热木·伊力,袁琳,齐曼·尤努斯,等,2004.盐胁迫对阿月浑子SOD、CAT、POD活性的影响[J].新疆农业科学,41(3):129-134.]
LI BZ,YI J,FU DY,1992.Determination of abscisic acid in dormant Leymus chinensis seeds by high performance liquid chromatography[J].Chin J Chromatogr,10(2):123.[李秉真,易津,富东英,1992.高效液相色谱法测定休眠的羊草种子中脱落酸的含量[J].色谱,10(2):123.]
LI CN,SRIVASTAVA MK,NONG Q,et al,2010.Mechanism of tolerance to drought in sugarcane plant enhanced by foliage dressing of abscisic acid under wanter stress[J].Acta Agron Sin,36(5):863-870.[李长宁,SRIVASTAVAMK,农倩,等,2010.水分胁迫下外源ABA提高甘蔗抗旱性的作用机制[J].作物学报,36(5):863-870.]
LI M,LIU HX,HUANG CS,et al,2015.Main volatile chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Scaevola sericea leaves[J].Technol Dev Chem Ind,44(1):10-14.[李敏,刘红星,黄初升,等,2015.草海桐叶的主要挥发性化学成分及抑菌活性[J].化工技术与开发,44(1):10-14.]
LI J,CHEN ZQ,CHU GM,2014.Vessel characteristic of secondary xylem of two poplars under stress of soil salinity[J].Anhui Agric Sci Bull,20(7):23-25.[李娟,陈仲权,楚光明,2014.盐分胁迫对2种杨树次生木质部导管特征的影响[J].安徽农学通报,20(7):23-25.]
LI S,2013.Relationship between xylem structures and drought tolerance in three tree species[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University.[李姗,2013.三个树种木质部结构与耐旱性关系研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学.]
LIANG Y,WANG M,GUO J,et al,2007.Morphologies and structures of seedlings and their phylogenies for three species in three genera of Ranunculaceae[J].Acta Bot BorealOccident Sin,27(7):1357-1363.[梁彦,汪矛,郭洁,等,2007.3属3种毛茛科植物幼苗形态结构及其系统演化分析[J].西北植物学报,27(7):1357-1363.]
LIU HX,WU YY,SUN WH,et al,2016.Effects of drought on photosynthesis and the physiological indices in tomato[J].Guihaia,36(3):303-307.[刘汉玄,吴沿友,孙卫红,等,2016.干旱对番茄幼苗光合和某些生理指标的影响[J].广西植物,36(3):303-307.]
LIU XD,SUN LG,ZHAO SP,et al,2005.Eco-enviromental information recorded in the lake sediments of the Dongdao Island,south China sea[J].Quat Sci,25(5):574-584.[刘晓东,孙立广,赵三平,等,2005.南海东岛湖泊沉积物中的生态环境记录[J].第四纪研究,25(5):574-584.]
LONG JC,XU CG,WEI GY,et al,2017.Physiological response of Mahonia duclouxiana seedlings to drought stress[J].Guizhou Agric Sci,45(3):28-32.[龙杰超,徐传贵,韦贵元,等,2017.长柱十大功劳植物幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].贵州农业科学,45(3):28-32.]
PAN X,QIU Q,LI JY,et al,2015.Drought resistance evaluation based on leaf anatomical structures of 25 shrubs on the Tibetan Plateau[J].J S Chin Agric Univ,36(2):61-68.[潘昕,邱权,李吉跃,等,2015.基于叶片解剖结构对青藏高原25种灌木的抗旱性评价[J].华南农业大学学报,36(2):61-68.]
REN WW,QIAN J,MA J,et al,2000.Comparative study of Leymus chinensis's water content and free proline of different geographic populations under the force of different consistency PEG[J].Acta Ecol Sin,20(2):349-352.[任文伟,钱吉,马骏,等,2000.不同地理种群羊草在聚乙二醇胁迫下含水量和游离脯氨酸含量的比较[J].生态学报,20(2):349-352.]
SU M,HE SN,LI WX,et al,2016.Systematic position of a rare plant species Scaevola hainanensis based on ITSsequence analysis[J].Acta Sci Nat Univ Sunyatseni,55(1):16-23.[粟米,何思宁,李炜曦,等,2016.珍稀植物海南草海桐基于ITS序列分析的系统位置研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),55(1):16-23.]
TANG ZC,1984.Proline accumulation of plant under stress and its possible meanings[J].Plant Physiol Comm,(1):15-21.[汤章城,1984.逆境条件下植物脯氨酸的累积及其可能的意义[J].植物生理学通讯,(1):15-21.]
TONG Y,JIAN SG,CHEN Q,et al,2003.Vascular plant diversity of the Paracel Islands,China[J].Biodivers Sci,21(3):364-374.[童毅,简曙光,陈权,等,2003.中国西沙群岛植物多样性[J].生物多样性,21(3):364-374.]
WANG HC,2013.Effects of light on proline synthesis and its relationship with ABA under drought stress[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University.[王慧春,2013.干旱胁迫条件下光对脯氨酸合成的影响及其与ABA的关系[D].扬州:扬州大学.]
WANG J,2015.Breeding and mixed planting of local tree species Calophyllum inophyllum and Scaevola sericea in coastal shelterbelt on Hainan Island[D].Haikou:Hainan Normal University.[王瑾,2015.海南岛海岸乡土树种红厚壳、草海桐的育苗和在海防林下混交种植的研究[D].海口:海南师范大学.]
WANG RJ,REN H,2017.Indigenous plants of south China coastal zone and their utilization for ecological restoration[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science&Technology Press.[王瑞江,任海,2017.华南海岸带乡土植物及其生态恢复利用[M].广州:广东科技出版社.]
WU YR,XIE Q,2006.ABA and plant stress response[J].Chin Bull Bot,23(5):511-518.[吴耀荣,谢旗,2006.ABA与植物胁迫抗性[J].植物学通报,23(5):511-518.]
XING FW,WU DL,LI ZX,et al,1993.Investigation of plant resources in Xisha Island[J].J Plant Resour Environ,2(3):1-6.[邢福武,吴德邻,李泽贤,等,1993.西沙群岛植物资源调查[J].植物资源与环境,2(3):1-6.]
XU SC,DING HD,LU R,et al,2008.Study on effects of ABAin antioxidant defense of plant cells[J].J Chin Agric Univ,13(2):11-19.[许树成,丁海东,鲁锐,等,2008.ABA在植物细胞抗氧化防护过程中的作用[J].中国农业大学学报,13(2):11-19.]
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