基于振动原理的GIS隔离开关触头接触状态检测技术
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摘要
机械性缺陷是导致气体绝缘金属封闭开关(GIS)设备故障的主要原因之一,然而目前还未见现场可用的GIS机械故障检测装置及机械缺陷评估方法。为此,首先对GIS机械振动机理及检测方法进行了研究,采用振动加速度传感器作为传感器件,研制了GIS振动信号检测装置;在此基础上,在实验室搭建了550 kV GIS机械振动检测实验平台,构建了GIS隔离开关触头接触不良缺陷,并辅以回路电阻测试仪量化触头的接触状态,采用自主研发的振动信号检测装置对不同接触程度的GIS进行振动检测;最后对异常振动信号特征量提取方法及触头接触状态评估技术进行了研究。研究结果表明:正常运行时,GIS外壳存在频率为100 Hz的机械振动信号,且水平方向的振动幅值稍大于竖直方向;隔离开关触头接触不良时,振动信号频域谱(FDS)在50 Hz与200 Hz频率点出现明显的振动信号,可将100 Hz频率对应的幅值作为基频幅值,50 Hz和200 Hz频率点处的幅值与基频幅值的比值k50和k200作为特征量,表征隔离开关的接触状态。当k200>0.2且0.10.5且k50>0.2时,可认为触头存在严重机械缺陷。
Mechanical defect is one of the main reasons leading to the failure of gas insulated metal enclosed switch(GIS)equipment. However, the site detection devices and mechanical defect assessment methods are not available on GIS mechanical fault diagnosis technology. Consequently, we first studied the vibration mechanism and diagnosis method of GIS,and developed a GIS vibration signal detection device after adopting the vibration acceleration sensor as a sensor. On this basis, a mechanical vibration diagnostic platform of 550 kV GIS was established in laboratory, a circuit resistance tester was adopted to quantify the contact state of disconnector, and the vibration signal in GIS was detected based on different abnormal contact conditions in GIS disconnector. Finally, a method for extracting the characteristic quantity of abnormal vibration signal and an assessment method were studied. The results indicate that the vibration signal of 100 Hz can be detected and the amplitude in horizontal direction is slightly higher than that in vertical direction when the GIS disconnector operates well. However, obvious vibration signals can be detected in the frequency of 50 Hz and 200 Hz in frequency domain spectrum(FDS) when the GIS disconnector has a loose contact. The amplitude of 100 Hz can be taken as the reference value, while the ratio of amplitudes between 50 Hz and 100 Hz and the ratio of amplitudes between 200 Hz and 100 Hz can be regarded as the characteristic parameters to characterize the connection state of disconnector. According to experiment data, if k200>0.2 and 0.10.5 and k50>0.2, it can be convinced that there is serious a mechanical defect in the GIS disconnector.
Mechanical defect is one of the main reasons leading to the failure of gas insulated metal enclosed switch(GIS)equipment. However, the site detection devices and mechanical defect assessment methods are not available on GIS mechanical fault diagnosis technology. Consequently, we first studied the vibration mechanism and diagnosis method of GIS,and developed a GIS vibration signal detection device after adopting the vibration acceleration sensor as a sensor. On this basis, a mechanical vibration diagnostic platform of 550 kV GIS was established in laboratory, a circuit resistance tester was adopted to quantify the contact state of disconnector, and the vibration signal in GIS was detected based on different abnormal contact conditions in GIS disconnector. Finally, a method for extracting the characteristic quantity of abnormal vibration signal and an assessment method were studied. The results indicate that the vibration signal of 100 Hz can be detected and the amplitude in horizontal direction is slightly higher than that in vertical direction when the GIS disconnector operates well. However, obvious vibration signals can be detected in the frequency of 50 Hz and 200 Hz in frequency domain spectrum(FDS) when the GIS disconnector has a loose contact. The amplitude of 100 Hz can be taken as the reference value, while the ratio of amplitudes between 50 Hz and 100 Hz and the ratio of amplitudes between 200 Hz and 100 Hz can be regarded as the characteristic parameters to characterize the connection state of disconnector. According to experiment data, if k200>0.2 and 0.1
引文
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[14]赵科,李洪涛,杨景刚.特高压GIS集中监造工作的若干思考[J].江苏电机工程,2016,35(2):69-71.ZHAO Ke,LI Hongtao,YANG Jinggang.Discussions on the centralized supervision of UHV GIS[J].Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2016,35(2):69-71.
[15]常广,王毅.髙压断路器机械状态在线监测装置的研究[J].髙压电器,2003,39(2):44-46.CHANG Guang,WANG Yi.An on-line mechanical condition monitoring device for high voltage circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2003,39(2):44-46.
[16]潘徽,宋政湘,牛博.基于振动的断路器状态检测系统的设计与开发[J].高压电器,2012,48(12):83-88.PAN Hui,SONG Zhengxiang,NIU Bo.Design and development of condition monitoring system for circuit breaker based on vibration signal[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(12):83-88.
[17]孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超.一种基于振动信号的高压断路器故障诊断新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6):157-161.SUN Laijun,HU Xiaoguang,JI Yanchao.A new method of fault diagnosis for high voltage circuit breakers based on vibration signals[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(6):157-161.
[18]HU X G,WANG F,ZHAO H L,et al.The mechanical fault diagnosis for HV breakers on the wavelet packet analysis[C]//Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.Vail,USA:IEEE,2003:415-419.
[19]黄建,胡晓光,巩玉楠.基于经验模态分解的高压断路器机械故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(12):108-113.HUANG Jian,HU Xiaoguang,GONG Yunan.Machinery fault diagnosis of high voltage circuit breaker based on empirical mode decomposition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(12):108-113.
[20]李华斌.GIS电压互感器振动的在线检测与诊断[J].机电工程技术,2012,41(7):247-249.LI Huabin.On-line detection and diagnosis on the vibration of GISvoltage transformer[J].Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2012,41(7):247-249.
[2]程亭婷,高文胜,陈锋,等.试验电流对高压断路器动态回路电阻的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):3142-3147.CHENG Tingting,GAO Wensheng,CHEN Feng,et al.Influence of injected current on dynamic contact resistance measurements of high voltage circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):3142-3147.
[3]文涛,张乔根,赵军平,等.特高压GIS设备现场标准雷电冲击耐压试验技术的应用[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(1):30-33.WEN Tao,ZHANG Qiaogen,ZHAO Junping,et al.Application of on-site standard lightning impulse test technology for UHV GISequipment[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(1):30-33.
[4]傅中,陈维江,李志兵,等.SF6断路器动态接触电阻测量方法及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1535-1542.FU Zhong,CHEN Weijiang,LI Zhibing,et a1.Measurement method and influencing factors of the dynamic contact resistance of SF6 circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1535-1542.
[5]王俊波,苗银银,罗容波,等.GIS触头接触状况检测现状分析[J].高压电器,2013,49(12):137-144.WANG Junbo,MIAO Yinyin,LUO Rongbo,et al.Analysis of present situation of GIS contact detection[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(12):137-144.
[6]杨景刚,刘媛,高山,等.高压断路器机械故障诊断技术[J].江苏电机工程,2016,35(2):1-6.YANG Jinggang,LIU Yuan,GAO Shan,et al.Review on mechanical fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers[J].Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2016,35(2):1-6.
[7]HOSL F L.Contact parameter computation and analysis of air circuit breaker with permanent magne tactuator[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology,2013,8(3):595-602.
[8]常广,张振乾,王毅.高压断路器机械故障振动诊断综述[J].高压电器,2011,47(8):85-90.CHANG Guang,ZHANG Zhenqian,WANG Yi.Review on mechanical fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers based on vibration diagnosis[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(8):85-90.
[9]张国栋,牛国平,宋建成.高压断路器振动信号在线监测系统的研究[J].山西电力,2012(3):50-54.ZHANG Guodong,NIU Guoping,SONG Jiancheng.Study on vibration signal online monitoring system for high voltage circuit breaker[J].Shanxi Electric Power,2012(3):50-54.
[10]吴如祥.一起GIS避雷器耐压试验不合格原因的分析[J].电气技术,2012(10):67-69.WU Ruxiang.Analysis on not-qualified arrester about insulation pressure test[J].Electrical Engineering,2012(10):67-69.
[11]李鹏,李金忠,崔博源,等.特高压交流输变电装备最新技术发展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1068-1078.LI Peng,LI Jinzhong,CUI Boyuan,et al.Achievements in the newest technology of UHV AC power transmission equipment[J].High Volt age Engineering,2016,42(4):1068-1078.
[12]丛浩熹,李庆民,齐波,等.有屏蔽罩结构的GIS触头温度红外在线监测技术[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):148-153.CONG Haoxi,LI Qingmin,QI Bo,et al.Infrared online temperature monitoring technology for shielded GIS contacts[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):148-153.
[13]丛浩熹,李庆民,齐波,等.基于红外传感的GIS隔离开关触头温度在线监测技术研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):144-148.CONG Haoxi,LI Qingmin,QI Bo,et al.Online GIS switch contact temperature monitoring based on IR sensing[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(3):144-148.
[14]赵科,李洪涛,杨景刚.特高压GIS集中监造工作的若干思考[J].江苏电机工程,2016,35(2):69-71.ZHAO Ke,LI Hongtao,YANG Jinggang.Discussions on the centralized supervision of UHV GIS[J].Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2016,35(2):69-71.
[15]常广,王毅.髙压断路器机械状态在线监测装置的研究[J].髙压电器,2003,39(2):44-46.CHANG Guang,WANG Yi.An on-line mechanical condition monitoring device for high voltage circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2003,39(2):44-46.
[16]潘徽,宋政湘,牛博.基于振动的断路器状态检测系统的设计与开发[J].高压电器,2012,48(12):83-88.PAN Hui,SONG Zhengxiang,NIU Bo.Design and development of condition monitoring system for circuit breaker based on vibration signal[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(12):83-88.
[17]孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超.一种基于振动信号的高压断路器故障诊断新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6):157-161.SUN Laijun,HU Xiaoguang,JI Yanchao.A new method of fault diagnosis for high voltage circuit breakers based on vibration signals[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(6):157-161.
[18]HU X G,WANG F,ZHAO H L,et al.The mechanical fault diagnosis for HV breakers on the wavelet packet analysis[C]//Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.Vail,USA:IEEE,2003:415-419.
[19]黄建,胡晓光,巩玉楠.基于经验模态分解的高压断路器机械故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(12):108-113.HUANG Jian,HU Xiaoguang,GONG Yunan.Machinery fault diagnosis of high voltage circuit breaker based on empirical mode decomposition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(12):108-113.
[20]李华斌.GIS电压互感器振动的在线检测与诊断[J].机电工程技术,2012,41(7):247-249.LI Huabin.On-line detection and diagnosis on the vibration of GISvoltage transformer[J].Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2012,41(7):247-249.