2004—2016年浙江省夏季降水的日变化特征
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摘要
利用浙江省71个气象观测站的逐小时降水数据,分析2004—2016年夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:(1)浙江省夏季降水量和降水频次日变化总体上呈现"一主一次"的双峰特征,降水量和降水频次主峰值分别出现在17:00前后和19:00前后。近13 a来,夏季降水量和降水频次有明显的增加趋势。(2)降水日变化特征区域差异明显。浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量、降水频次和强度日变化波动幅度较小,降水强度的峰值出现在09:00—11:00;浙南地区降水量、降水频次和强度日变化具有单峰特点,峰值均出现在15:00—20:00。(3)降水日变化与不同持续时间的降水事件有关,≥6 h持续性降水事件的降水峰值易出现在09:00前后,而<6 h短时降水事件的降水峰值出现在15:00—22:00。不同区域降水事件有所差异,浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量来源于持续性降水和短时降水事件的共同贡献,浙南地区降水量主要来源于短时降水事件的贡献。(4)短时强降水(20～50 mm·h~(-1))和特强降水(≥50 mm·h~(-1))易发生在温州、台州和宁波等沿海地区,其中杭州湾、台州局部地区是短时特强降水的高发区;短时强降水的日变化具有单峰特征,降水峰值出现在15:00—20:00。
Based on hourly precipitation data from 71 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province,the diurnal variation of summer precipitation from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed. The results are as follows:( 1) The diurnal variations of summer precipitation amount and frequency were about double-peak structure with the main peak and the sub-peak,the main peak of precipitation amount and frequency appeared around 17: 00 and 19: 00,respectively. The precipitation and frequency showed an obvious increasing trend in the past 13 years.( 2) The diurnal variation of precipitation was distinct in different regions of Zhejiang Province. There were small fluctuations of the diurnal variation of precipitation amount,frequency,and intensity in the west-central Zhejiang Province and coastal islands,with peaks appearing from 09: 00 to 11: 00,while precipitation amount,frequency,and intensity in the south of Zhejiang Province was characterized by a single peak,which appeared from 15: 00 to 20: 00.( 3) The diurnal variation of precipitation was related to precipitation events with different durations. The accumulated rainfall peak of precipitation events with long-duration( more than and equal to 6 h) in Zhejiang Province appeared at 09: 00,and the accumulated rainfall of the short-duration precipitation events within 6 hours reached the peak from 15: 00 to 20: 00. The rainfall of the western region and the coastal islands in Zhejiang Province was the result of long-duration precipitation and short-term precipitation events. The rainfall was mainly due to the contribution of short-duration precipitation events in southern Zhejiang Province.( 4) The short-duration heavy precipitation( 20-50 mm·h~(-1))and special heavy precipitation( ≥50 mm·h~(-1)) mainly occurred in the eastern coastal areas such as Wenzhou,Taizhou,and Ningbo,thereinto,Hangzhou Bay and local area in Taizhou were high frequency area of extremely heavy short-time precipitation,and their diurnal variation was characterized by a significant peak from 15: 00 to 22: 00.
Based on hourly precipitation data from 71 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province,the diurnal variation of summer precipitation from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed. The results are as follows:( 1) The diurnal variations of summer precipitation amount and frequency were about double-peak structure with the main peak and the sub-peak,the main peak of precipitation amount and frequency appeared around 17: 00 and 19: 00,respectively. The precipitation and frequency showed an obvious increasing trend in the past 13 years.( 2) The diurnal variation of precipitation was distinct in different regions of Zhejiang Province. There were small fluctuations of the diurnal variation of precipitation amount,frequency,and intensity in the west-central Zhejiang Province and coastal islands,with peaks appearing from 09: 00 to 11: 00,while precipitation amount,frequency,and intensity in the south of Zhejiang Province was characterized by a single peak,which appeared from 15: 00 to 20: 00.( 3) The diurnal variation of precipitation was related to precipitation events with different durations. The accumulated rainfall peak of precipitation events with long-duration( more than and equal to 6 h) in Zhejiang Province appeared at 09: 00,and the accumulated rainfall of the short-duration precipitation events within 6 hours reached the peak from 15: 00 to 20: 00. The rainfall of the western region and the coastal islands in Zhejiang Province was the result of long-duration precipitation and short-term precipitation events. The rainfall was mainly due to the contribution of short-duration precipitation events in southern Zhejiang Province.( 4) The short-duration heavy precipitation( 20-50 mm·h~(-1))and special heavy precipitation( ≥50 mm·h~(-1)) mainly occurred in the eastern coastal areas such as Wenzhou,Taizhou,and Ningbo,thereinto,Hangzhou Bay and local area in Taizhou were high frequency area of extremely heavy short-time precipitation,and their diurnal variation was characterized by a significant peak from 15: 00 to 22: 00.
引文
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[19]孙喜艳,伍志方,梁巧倩,等.广东省不同等级小时强降水时空特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(5):102-109.
[20]王国荣,王令.北京地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(3):276-279.
[21]沈沛丰,张耀存.四川盆地夏季降水日变化的数值模拟[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):860-868.
[22]CHEN H M,YU R C,LI J,et al. Why nocturnal long-durationrainfall presents an eastward-delayed diurnal phase of rainfalldown the Yangtze River Valley[J]. Journal of Climate,2010,23(4):905-917.
[23]董思言,髙学杰.长期气候变化:IPCC第五次评估报告解读[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):56-59.
[24]樊高峰,何月,顾骏强.基于GIS的浙江省暴雨灾害及其危险性评价[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):293-299.
[25]杨诗芳,郝世峰,冯晓伟,等.杭州短时强降水特征分析及预报研究[J].科技通报,2010,26(4):494-500.
[26]严洌娜,徐集云,陈胜军.短历时强降水的极值分布与统计风险计算[J].科技通报,2005,21(6):657-661.
[27]戴泽军,宇如聪,陈昊明.湖南夏季降水日变化特征[J].高原气象,2009,28(6):1463-1470.
[28]ZHANG H,ZHAI P M. Temporal and spatial characteristics of ex-treme hourly precipitation over eastern China in the warm season[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,2011,28(5):1177-1183.
[29]赵军平,刘汉华,周春雨,等. 2013年浙江夏季异常高温及环流特征分析[J].气象科技进展,2014,6(1):26-30.
[30]YIN S Q,CHEN D L,XIE Y. Diurnal variations of precipitationduring the warm season over China[J]. Int J Climatol,2009,29:1154-1170.
[31]YANG G Y,SLINGO J. The diurnal cycle in the tropics[J]. MonWea Rev,2001,129(4):784-801.
[32]王东阡,张耀存.中国东部西南低空急流日变化特征及其机制[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(8):2498-2507.
[33]王镇铭,杜惠良,杨诗芳,等.浙江省天气预报手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2013:203-205.
[2]LANDIN M G,BOSART L F. Diurnal variability of precipitation inthe northeastern United States[J]. Mon Wea Rev,1985,113(6):989-1014.
[3]DAI A,GIORGI F,TRENBERTH K E. Observed and model simu-lated precipitation diurnal cycle over the contiguous United States[J]. J Geophys Res,1999b,104(D6):6377-6402.
[4]YU R C,ZHOU T J,XIONG A Y,et al. Diurnal variations of sum-mer precipitation over contiguous China[J]. Geophysical ResearchLetters,2007,34,DOI:10. 1029/2006GL02829.
[5]YU R C,XU Y P,ZHOU T J,et al. Relation between rainfall du-ration and diurnal variation in the warm season precipitation overcentral easterm China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2007,DOI:10. 1029/2007GL030315.
[6]白爱娟,刘晓东,刘长海.青藏高原与四川盆地夏季降水日变化的对比分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):852-859.
[7]赵克明.喀什市降水日变化特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(2):31-35.
[8]王庆,马倩倩,夏艳玲,等.最近50年来山东地区夏季降水的时空变化及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):220-228.
[9]刘雪梅,张明军,王圣杰,等. 2008—2014年祁连山区夏季降水的日变化特征及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2016,71(5):755-767.
[10]黄秋霞,方雯,王春燕,等.新疆昌吉市主汛期降水日变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(6):19-23.
[11]李博渊,马宏君,庄晓翠,等. 2010—2016年新疆阿勒泰地区暖季降水日变化特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):797-805.
[12]王夫常,宇如聪,陈昊明,等.我国西南部降水日变化特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(2):117-121.
[13]陈炯,郑永光,张小玲,等.中国暖季短时强降水分布和日变化特征及其与中尺度对流系统日变化关系分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(3):367-382.
[14]宇如聪,李建,陈昊明,等.中国大陆降水日变化研究进展[J].气象学报,2014,72(5):948-968.
[15]宇如聪,李建.中国大陆日降水峰值时间位相的区域特征分析[J].气象学报,2016,74(1):18-30.
[16]韩函,吴昊旻,黄安宁.华北地区夏季降水日变化的时空分布特征[J].大气科学,2017,41(2):263-274.
[17]原韦华,宇如聪,傅云飞.中国东部夏季持续性降水日变化在淮河南北的差异分析[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):752-759.
[18]计晓龙,吴昊旻,黄安宁,等.青藏高原夏季降水日变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2017,36(5):1188-1200.
[19]孙喜艳,伍志方,梁巧倩,等.广东省不同等级小时强降水时空特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(5):102-109.
[20]王国荣,王令.北京地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(3):276-279.
[21]沈沛丰,张耀存.四川盆地夏季降水日变化的数值模拟[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):860-868.
[22]CHEN H M,YU R C,LI J,et al. Why nocturnal long-durationrainfall presents an eastward-delayed diurnal phase of rainfalldown the Yangtze River Valley[J]. Journal of Climate,2010,23(4):905-917.
[23]董思言,髙学杰.长期气候变化:IPCC第五次评估报告解读[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(1):56-59.
[24]樊高峰,何月,顾骏强.基于GIS的浙江省暴雨灾害及其危险性评价[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):293-299.
[25]杨诗芳,郝世峰,冯晓伟,等.杭州短时强降水特征分析及预报研究[J].科技通报,2010,26(4):494-500.
[26]严洌娜,徐集云,陈胜军.短历时强降水的极值分布与统计风险计算[J].科技通报,2005,21(6):657-661.
[27]戴泽军,宇如聪,陈昊明.湖南夏季降水日变化特征[J].高原气象,2009,28(6):1463-1470.
[28]ZHANG H,ZHAI P M. Temporal and spatial characteristics of ex-treme hourly precipitation over eastern China in the warm season[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,2011,28(5):1177-1183.
[29]赵军平,刘汉华,周春雨,等. 2013年浙江夏季异常高温及环流特征分析[J].气象科技进展,2014,6(1):26-30.
[30]YIN S Q,CHEN D L,XIE Y. Diurnal variations of precipitationduring the warm season over China[J]. Int J Climatol,2009,29:1154-1170.
[31]YANG G Y,SLINGO J. The diurnal cycle in the tropics[J]. MonWea Rev,2001,129(4):784-801.
[32]王东阡,张耀存.中国东部西南低空急流日变化特征及其机制[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(8):2498-2507.
[33]王镇铭,杜惠良,杨诗芳,等.浙江省天气预报手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2013:203-205.