饲料用桑的营养特性及其开发利用现状
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摘要
饲料用桑作为动物的非常规饲料原料,具有极大的开发潜力和利用价值。本文对饲料用桑的营养特性、加工调制以及在畜禽水产日粮中的开发利用情况进行了综述。桑叶(嫩枝)营养成分丰富,且含有多种维生素、矿物质和其他功能性活性成分,可通过鲜喂、青贮、加工成桑(枝)叶粉和颗粒在动物日粮中进行应用,对动物生产性能、肉品质、抗病力的提高能起到积极作用。
As a kind of unconventional animal feedstuffs,the forage mulberry has great development potential and utilization value.In this paper,the nutritional characteristics,processing modulation of mulberry and its development and utilization in animal diet were reviewed.Mulberry leaves(shoots) are full of nutriments,there are plenty of vitamin,mineral substance element and other functional active ingredients.They can be used in the animal diet as the fresh feeding,silage,mulberry leaf powder and pellet.They play positive roles in improving the production performance,meat quality and disease resistance of animal.
As a kind of unconventional animal feedstuffs,the forage mulberry has great development potential and utilization value.In this paper,the nutritional characteristics,processing modulation of mulberry and its development and utilization in animal diet were reviewed.Mulberry leaves(shoots) are full of nutriments,there are plenty of vitamin,mineral substance element and other functional active ingredients.They can be used in the animal diet as the fresh feeding,silage,mulberry leaf powder and pellet.They play positive roles in improving the production performance,meat quality and disease resistance of animal.
引文
[1]杜周和,刘俊凤,左艳春,等.桑叶的营养特性及其饲料开发利用价值[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):192-200.
[2]苏方华.桑叶的化学成分及临床应用研究进展[J].中国医药导报,2010,7(14):9-12.
[3]朱光书,林强,曾燕蓉,等.桑树叶质鉴定的研究进展[J].广西蚕业,2015,52(3):51-56.
[4]杨静,曹洪战,李同洲,等.饲料桑粉对生长育肥猪的营养价值评定[J].中国兽医学报,2015,35(8):1371-1374.
[5]徐九,雷毅.蚕蛹及桑叶在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].蚕学通讯,2012,32(1):21-26.
[6]高雨飞,黎力之,欧阳克蕙,等.桑叶在肉牛生产中的开发利用[J].中国牛业科学,2015,41(1):68-70.
[7]蒋美山,易兴友,李中伟.饲料桑的营养价值及其在畜禽日粮中的应用[J].当代畜牧,2015(8):31-32.
[8]蒋蕴珍,金振玉.桑叶粉加工技术的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,1997(11):23-24.
[9]俞燕芳,夏裕辉,饶连英,等.桑叶粉的加工与应用[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2014(6):9-10.
[10]张正周,冯骏,郑旗,等.饲料桑叶蛋白提取工艺研究[J].农业与技术,2016,36(5):3-4.
[11]孙双印,侯向阳,卢欣石.饲料桑特性研究与加工利用分析[J].草原与草坪,2008(1):63-69.
[12]MARGARETA,O DIANA C R,MARIA C G,et al.Effect of dietary mulberry(Morus alba)leaves on performance parameters and quality of breast meat of broilers[J].Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,85(3):291-295.
[13]ISLAM M R,SIDDIQUI M N,KHATUN A,et al.Dietary effect of Mulberry leaf(Morus alba)meal on growth performance and serum cholesterol level of broiler chickens[J].Dissertations&Theses Gradworks,2014,12(2):79-89.
[14]TATENO H YT,ISO M.Effects of mulberry leaves on egg production as a poultry food[J].Studies on functional poultry eggs,1999,33:21-34.
[15]吴萍,李龙,杨海明,等.日粮中添加桑叶粉对蛋鸡血液生化指标及蛋品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2014(7):36-38.
[16]PANJA P.The Effects of Dietary Mulberry Leaves(Morus alba L.)on Chicken Performance,Carcass,Egg Quality and Cholesterol Content of Meat and Egg[J].Walailak Journal of Science&Technology,2013,10(2):121-129.
[17]常文环.桑叶粉对肉鸡生长性能血清尿素氮和肉品质的影响[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2007(1):23-27.
[18]吴东,钱坤,周芬,等.日粮中添加不同比例桑叶对淮南麻黄鸡生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(10):39-43.
[19]刘先珍,朱建录.桑叶粉代替鱼粉饲喂肉鸡效果初报[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):51-53.
[20]张平远.添加饲喂桑叶提高鸡肉香味[J].湖南饲料,2002(2):38.
[21]GONZ譧LEZ C,TEPPER R,LY J.An approach to the study of the nutritive value of mulberry leaf and palm oil in growing pigs[J].Revista Computadorizada De Producción Porcina,2006,16(1):67-71.
[22]刘爱君,李素侠,吴国明,等.鲜桑叶对育肥猪增重效果的对比[J].中国畜牧业,2007(18):76-77.
[23]李有贵,张雷,钟石,等.饲粮中添加桑叶对育肥猪生长性能、脂肪代谢和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1805-1811.
[24]郭建军,邱殿锐,李晓滨,等.日粮鲜桑叶对育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(9):47-50.
[25]郭建军,李晓滨,齐雪梅,等.饲料中添加桑叶对种母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,6(9):63-64.
[26]郭建军,李晓滨,齐雪梅,等.饲料中添加桑叶对育肥牛增重的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(9):31-32.
[27]饶勇强,冯永德,朱洪顺,等.桑叶粉在牦牛饲料中的应用初报[J].四川蚕业,2013,41(3):23.
[28]李伟玲.桑叶对肉羊生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012:34-40.
[29]梅宁安,李如冲,张雪山,等.桑饲料育肥肉用杂公羔屠宰性能及理化指标测试分析[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2010(5):34-35.
[30]闫晓荣,赵博昊,郝晔,等.桑叶粉对新西兰白兔屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国养兔杂志,2016(1):4-7.
[31]MART魱NEZ M,MOTTA W,PLA C C M.Feeding mulberry leaves to fattening rabbits:effects on growth,carcass characteristics and meat quality[J].Animal Science,2005(80):275-280.
[32]杨阳,陈文燕,李法见,等.罗非鱼对5种不同来源桑叶中营养成分的表观消化率[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3493-3499.
[33]马恒甲,刘新轶,谢楠,等.草鱼饲料中桑叶粉的应用初探[J].科学养鱼,2013,31(5):79-80.
[34]MONDAL K,KAVIRAJ A,MUKHOPADHYAY P K.Introducing Mulberry Leaf Meal along with Fish Offal Meal in the Diet of Freshwater Catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis[J].Electronic Journal of Biology,2011,7(3):54-59.
[35]陈文燕,陈拥军,彭祥和,等.罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中桑叶发酵蛋白替代鱼粉的研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3968-3974.
[2]苏方华.桑叶的化学成分及临床应用研究进展[J].中国医药导报,2010,7(14):9-12.
[3]朱光书,林强,曾燕蓉,等.桑树叶质鉴定的研究进展[J].广西蚕业,2015,52(3):51-56.
[4]杨静,曹洪战,李同洲,等.饲料桑粉对生长育肥猪的营养价值评定[J].中国兽医学报,2015,35(8):1371-1374.
[5]徐九,雷毅.蚕蛹及桑叶在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].蚕学通讯,2012,32(1):21-26.
[6]高雨飞,黎力之,欧阳克蕙,等.桑叶在肉牛生产中的开发利用[J].中国牛业科学,2015,41(1):68-70.
[7]蒋美山,易兴友,李中伟.饲料桑的营养价值及其在畜禽日粮中的应用[J].当代畜牧,2015(8):31-32.
[8]蒋蕴珍,金振玉.桑叶粉加工技术的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,1997(11):23-24.
[9]俞燕芳,夏裕辉,饶连英,等.桑叶粉的加工与应用[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2014(6):9-10.
[10]张正周,冯骏,郑旗,等.饲料桑叶蛋白提取工艺研究[J].农业与技术,2016,36(5):3-4.
[11]孙双印,侯向阳,卢欣石.饲料桑特性研究与加工利用分析[J].草原与草坪,2008(1):63-69.
[12]MARGARETA,O DIANA C R,MARIA C G,et al.Effect of dietary mulberry(Morus alba)leaves on performance parameters and quality of breast meat of broilers[J].Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,85(3):291-295.
[13]ISLAM M R,SIDDIQUI M N,KHATUN A,et al.Dietary effect of Mulberry leaf(Morus alba)meal on growth performance and serum cholesterol level of broiler chickens[J].Dissertations&Theses Gradworks,2014,12(2):79-89.
[14]TATENO H YT,ISO M.Effects of mulberry leaves on egg production as a poultry food[J].Studies on functional poultry eggs,1999,33:21-34.
[15]吴萍,李龙,杨海明,等.日粮中添加桑叶粉对蛋鸡血液生化指标及蛋品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2014(7):36-38.
[16]PANJA P.The Effects of Dietary Mulberry Leaves(Morus alba L.)on Chicken Performance,Carcass,Egg Quality and Cholesterol Content of Meat and Egg[J].Walailak Journal of Science&Technology,2013,10(2):121-129.
[17]常文环.桑叶粉对肉鸡生长性能血清尿素氮和肉品质的影响[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2007(1):23-27.
[18]吴东,钱坤,周芬,等.日粮中添加不同比例桑叶对淮南麻黄鸡生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(10):39-43.
[19]刘先珍,朱建录.桑叶粉代替鱼粉饲喂肉鸡效果初报[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):51-53.
[20]张平远.添加饲喂桑叶提高鸡肉香味[J].湖南饲料,2002(2):38.
[21]GONZ譧LEZ C,TEPPER R,LY J.An approach to the study of the nutritive value of mulberry leaf and palm oil in growing pigs[J].Revista Computadorizada De Producción Porcina,2006,16(1):67-71.
[22]刘爱君,李素侠,吴国明,等.鲜桑叶对育肥猪增重效果的对比[J].中国畜牧业,2007(18):76-77.
[23]李有贵,张雷,钟石,等.饲粮中添加桑叶对育肥猪生长性能、脂肪代谢和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1805-1811.
[24]郭建军,邱殿锐,李晓滨,等.日粮鲜桑叶对育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(9):47-50.
[25]郭建军,李晓滨,齐雪梅,等.饲料中添加桑叶对种母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,6(9):63-64.
[26]郭建军,李晓滨,齐雪梅,等.饲料中添加桑叶对育肥牛增重的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(9):31-32.
[27]饶勇强,冯永德,朱洪顺,等.桑叶粉在牦牛饲料中的应用初报[J].四川蚕业,2013,41(3):23.
[28]李伟玲.桑叶对肉羊生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012:34-40.
[29]梅宁安,李如冲,张雪山,等.桑饲料育肥肉用杂公羔屠宰性能及理化指标测试分析[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2010(5):34-35.
[30]闫晓荣,赵博昊,郝晔,等.桑叶粉对新西兰白兔屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国养兔杂志,2016(1):4-7.
[31]MART魱NEZ M,MOTTA W,PLA C C M.Feeding mulberry leaves to fattening rabbits:effects on growth,carcass characteristics and meat quality[J].Animal Science,2005(80):275-280.
[32]杨阳,陈文燕,李法见,等.罗非鱼对5种不同来源桑叶中营养成分的表观消化率[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3493-3499.
[33]马恒甲,刘新轶,谢楠,等.草鱼饲料中桑叶粉的应用初探[J].科学养鱼,2013,31(5):79-80.
[34]MONDAL K,KAVIRAJ A,MUKHOPADHYAY P K.Introducing Mulberry Leaf Meal along with Fish Offal Meal in the Diet of Freshwater Catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis[J].Electronic Journal of Biology,2011,7(3):54-59.
[35]陈文燕,陈拥军,彭祥和,等.罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中桑叶发酵蛋白替代鱼粉的研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3968-3974.