重复脉冲过电压对变频电机绝缘局部放电起始电压及熄灭电压的影响研究
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摘要
研究重复方波电压参数对变频电机绝缘局部放电起始电压(partial discharge inception voltage,PDIV)和局部放电熄灭电压(partial discharge extinction voltage,PDEV)的影响规律,有利于I型变频电机的绝缘性能评估。利用微控制器(microcontroller unit,MCU)的可编程控制及"示波器+微控制器+高压直流电源"的信号控制反馈链路,实现了变频电机绝缘PDIV及PDEV的自动测试系统;利用该系统,在不同上升时间的重复脉冲电压下,通过大量实验研究得到了双极性重复脉冲过电压对I型变频电机匝间绝缘PDIV及PDEV的影响规律及机理解释。结果表明:无论重复脉冲电压波形是否存在过电压,PDEV均小于PDIV;当重复脉冲电压波形由无过电压变化到有过电压时,PDIV及PDEV均增大,而PDIV与PDEV的差值减小。分析放电机理,认为过电压下较高的瞬时电场强度导致的场致发射是促使第一次放电产生的主要原因;借助于重复脉冲电压下局部放电相位谱图(partial discharge phase resolved,PRPD)的测试结果,认为无过电压下单周期内较多的放电次数对表面电荷积累的影响可能是导致PDIV和PDEV变化的主要因素。研究结论有望为重复脉冲电压下变频电机PDIV及PDEV的测试结论评估提供实验依据和机理解释。
When performing partial discharge inception voltage(PDIV) and partial discharge extinction voltage(PDEV)test on type I inverter-fed motor insulation under repetitive impulsive voltages, the influence of voltage parameters on PDIV and PDEV test results should be known to evaluate and to obtain objective test results. In this study, a novel test system controlled by the microcontroller unit(MCU) with feedback control signal circuits of "oscilloscope + microcontroller +high-voltage direct current(HVDC) power supply" was firstly deigned to conduct PDIV and PDEV tests automatically for many times. A great number of PDIV and PDEV tests on twisted enameled wires under different rise times were carried out, and showed that PDEV is in general lower than PDIV with or without overvoltage; when the voltage waveform changes from no overvoltage to overvoltage, both PDIV and PDEV increase, while the difference between PDIV and PDEV decreases. Analyzing results, it is driven that the main cause of the first discharge is the higher instantaneous electric field intensity under overvoltage. Based on the results of partial discharge phase resolved(PRPD) test under repetitive impulsive voltage, it is considered that the effect of more discharge on surface charge accumulation in a single cycle without overvoltage may be the main factor leading to the change of PDIV and PDV. The results provide experimental basis and mechanism explanation for the evaluation of PDIV and PDEV measurements on inverter-fed motor insulation.
When performing partial discharge inception voltage(PDIV) and partial discharge extinction voltage(PDEV)test on type I inverter-fed motor insulation under repetitive impulsive voltages, the influence of voltage parameters on PDIV and PDEV test results should be known to evaluate and to obtain objective test results. In this study, a novel test system controlled by the microcontroller unit(MCU) with feedback control signal circuits of "oscilloscope + microcontroller +high-voltage direct current(HVDC) power supply" was firstly deigned to conduct PDIV and PDEV tests automatically for many times. A great number of PDIV and PDEV tests on twisted enameled wires under different rise times were carried out, and showed that PDEV is in general lower than PDIV with or without overvoltage; when the voltage waveform changes from no overvoltage to overvoltage, both PDIV and PDEV increase, while the difference between PDIV and PDEV decreases. Analyzing results, it is driven that the main cause of the first discharge is the higher instantaneous electric field intensity under overvoltage. Based on the results of partial discharge phase resolved(PRPD) test under repetitive impulsive voltage, it is considered that the effect of more discharge on surface charge accumulation in a single cycle without overvoltage may be the main factor leading to the change of PDIV and PDV. The results provide experimental basis and mechanism explanation for the evaluation of PDIV and PDEV measurements on inverter-fed motor insulation.
引文
[1]王鹏,周凯,吴广宁.变频电机绝缘的局部放电检测技术[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):519-525.Wang Peng,Zhou Kai,Wu Guangning.Partial discharge detection technology on inverter-fed motor insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(2):519-525(in Chinese).
[2]王鹏,高波,吴广宁,等.连续方波电压下变频电机绝缘局部放电特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1522-1526.Wang Peng,Gao Bo,Wu Guangning,et al.Partial discharge characteristics of inverter-fed motor insulation at repetitive square wave voltages[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1522-1526(in Chinese).
[3]王鹏,吴广宁,罗杨,等.脉冲方波频率对局部放电特性的影响及机理分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(2):243-249,270.Wang Peng,Wu Guangning,Luo Yang,et al.Influence of frequency of impulsive square wave voltage on partial discharge characteristics and its mechanism[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(2):243-249,270(in Chinese).
[4]徐洪英,赵莉华,王鹏,等.重复脉冲占空比对变频电机绝缘局部放电统计特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2159-2166.Xu Hongying,Zhao Lihua,Wang Peng,et al.Influence of repetitive impulse wave voltage duty cycle on partial discharge statistics in inverter-fed motor insulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2159-2166(in Chinese).
[5]Wang Peng,Montanari G C,Cavallini A.Partial discharge phenomenology and induced aging behavior in rotating machines controlled by power electronics[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(12):7105-7112.
[6]IEC.IEC 60034-18-41:2014 Rotating electrical machines-Part 18-41:Partial discharge free electrical insulation systems(Type I)used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters-Qualification and quality control tests[S].Stockholm Sweden:IEC,2014.
[7]IEC.IEC 60034-18-42:2017 Rotating electrical machines-Part 18-42:partial discharge resistant electrical insulation systems(Type II)used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters[S].Stockholm Sweden:IEC,2017.
[8]Kimura K.The role of IEC 60034-27-5 for IEC60034-18-41:offline PD test methods with repetitive impulse voltage[C]//Proceedings of 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Toyohashi,Japan:IEEE,2017:155-158.
[9]Wang P,Cavallini A,Montanari G C.The influence of square voltage rise time on partial discharge spectra[C]//Proceedings of 2012 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Montreal,QC,Canada:IEEE,2012:129-132.
[10]Wang Peng,Cavallini A,Montanari G C.The effects of square wave voltage rise time on PD statistics in time and frequency domain[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEEElectrical Insulation Conference.Seattle,WA,USA:IEEE,2015:262-265.
[11]Wang Peng,Cavallini A.The influence of repetitive square wave voltage parameters on PD statistical features[C]//Proceedings of 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Shenzhen,China:IEEE,2013:1282-1285.
[12]Guastavino F,Cotella G,Dardano A,et al.Influence of the rise time and of the temperature on the PD inception voltage of enameled wires[C]//Proceedings of 2010Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectic Phenomena.West Lafayette,IN,USA:IEEE,2010:1-4.
[13]Fenger M,Campbell S R,Gao G.The impact of surge voltage rise-time on PD inception voltage in random wound motors of different designs[C]//Proceedings of2001 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Kitchener,Ontario,Canada:IEEE,2001:352-355.
[14]Kimura K,Ushirone S,Koyanagi T,et al.PDIVcharacteristics of twisted-pair of magnet wires with repetitive impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(3):744-750.
[15]Cavallini A,Lusuardi L,Wang Peng.A model to determine the probability distribution of partial discharge inception voltage as a function of the voltage waveform and of the test procedures[C]//Proceedings of 2017International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Toyohashi,Toyohashi:IEEE,2017:87-90.
[16]Lahoud N,Faucher J,Malec D,et al.Electrical aging of the insulation of low-voltage machines:model definition and test with the design of experiments[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(9):4147-4155.
[17]Cavallini A,Lindell E,Montanari G C,et al.Inception of partial discharges under repetitive square voltages:effect of voltage waveform and repetition rate on PDIVand RPDIV[C]//Proceedings of 2010 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectic Phenomena.West Lafayette,IN,USA:IEEE,2010:1-4.
[18]王鹏,吴广宁,罗杨,等.连续高压脉冲方波下局部放电测试系统设计[J].高电压技术,2012,38(3):587-593.Wang Peng,Wu Guangning,Luo Yang,et al.Design of partial discharge testing system under continuous square pulse voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(3):587-593(in Chinese).
[19]Rogti F.Space charge dynamic at the physical interface in cross-linked polyethylene under DC field[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):888-899.
[20]Fabiani D,Montanari G C,Cavallini A,et al.Relation between space charge accumulation and partial discharge activity in enameled wires under PWM-like voltage waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(3):393-405.
[21]Niemeyer L.A generalized approach to partial discharge modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(4):510-528.
[22]Hayakawa N,Shimizu F,Okubo H.Estimation of partial discharge inception voltage of magnet wires under inverter surge voltage by volume-time theory[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(2):550-557.
[23]Van Brunt R J,Cernyar E W,Von Glahn P.Importance of unraveling memory propagation effects in interpreting data on partial discharge statistics[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(6):905-916.
[2]王鹏,高波,吴广宁,等.连续方波电压下变频电机绝缘局部放电特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1522-1526.Wang Peng,Gao Bo,Wu Guangning,et al.Partial discharge characteristics of inverter-fed motor insulation at repetitive square wave voltages[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1522-1526(in Chinese).
[3]王鹏,吴广宁,罗杨,等.脉冲方波频率对局部放电特性的影响及机理分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(2):243-249,270.Wang Peng,Wu Guangning,Luo Yang,et al.Influence of frequency of impulsive square wave voltage on partial discharge characteristics and its mechanism[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(2):243-249,270(in Chinese).
[4]徐洪英,赵莉华,王鹏,等.重复脉冲占空比对变频电机绝缘局部放电统计特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2159-2166.Xu Hongying,Zhao Lihua,Wang Peng,et al.Influence of repetitive impulse wave voltage duty cycle on partial discharge statistics in inverter-fed motor insulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2159-2166(in Chinese).
[5]Wang Peng,Montanari G C,Cavallini A.Partial discharge phenomenology and induced aging behavior in rotating machines controlled by power electronics[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(12):7105-7112.
[6]IEC.IEC 60034-18-41:2014 Rotating electrical machines-Part 18-41:Partial discharge free electrical insulation systems(Type I)used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters-Qualification and quality control tests[S].Stockholm Sweden:IEC,2014.
[7]IEC.IEC 60034-18-42:2017 Rotating electrical machines-Part 18-42:partial discharge resistant electrical insulation systems(Type II)used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters[S].Stockholm Sweden:IEC,2017.
[8]Kimura K.The role of IEC 60034-27-5 for IEC60034-18-41:offline PD test methods with repetitive impulse voltage[C]//Proceedings of 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Toyohashi,Japan:IEEE,2017:155-158.
[9]Wang P,Cavallini A,Montanari G C.The influence of square voltage rise time on partial discharge spectra[C]//Proceedings of 2012 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Montreal,QC,Canada:IEEE,2012:129-132.
[10]Wang Peng,Cavallini A,Montanari G C.The effects of square wave voltage rise time on PD statistics in time and frequency domain[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEEElectrical Insulation Conference.Seattle,WA,USA:IEEE,2015:262-265.
[11]Wang Peng,Cavallini A.The influence of repetitive square wave voltage parameters on PD statistical features[C]//Proceedings of 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Shenzhen,China:IEEE,2013:1282-1285.
[12]Guastavino F,Cotella G,Dardano A,et al.Influence of the rise time and of the temperature on the PD inception voltage of enameled wires[C]//Proceedings of 2010Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectic Phenomena.West Lafayette,IN,USA:IEEE,2010:1-4.
[13]Fenger M,Campbell S R,Gao G.The impact of surge voltage rise-time on PD inception voltage in random wound motors of different designs[C]//Proceedings of2001 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Kitchener,Ontario,Canada:IEEE,2001:352-355.
[14]Kimura K,Ushirone S,Koyanagi T,et al.PDIVcharacteristics of twisted-pair of magnet wires with repetitive impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(3):744-750.
[15]Cavallini A,Lusuardi L,Wang Peng.A model to determine the probability distribution of partial discharge inception voltage as a function of the voltage waveform and of the test procedures[C]//Proceedings of 2017International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Toyohashi,Toyohashi:IEEE,2017:87-90.
[16]Lahoud N,Faucher J,Malec D,et al.Electrical aging of the insulation of low-voltage machines:model definition and test with the design of experiments[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(9):4147-4155.
[17]Cavallini A,Lindell E,Montanari G C,et al.Inception of partial discharges under repetitive square voltages:effect of voltage waveform and repetition rate on PDIVand RPDIV[C]//Proceedings of 2010 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectic Phenomena.West Lafayette,IN,USA:IEEE,2010:1-4.
[18]王鹏,吴广宁,罗杨,等.连续高压脉冲方波下局部放电测试系统设计[J].高电压技术,2012,38(3):587-593.Wang Peng,Wu Guangning,Luo Yang,et al.Design of partial discharge testing system under continuous square pulse voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(3):587-593(in Chinese).
[19]Rogti F.Space charge dynamic at the physical interface in cross-linked polyethylene under DC field[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):888-899.
[20]Fabiani D,Montanari G C,Cavallini A,et al.Relation between space charge accumulation and partial discharge activity in enameled wires under PWM-like voltage waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(3):393-405.
[21]Niemeyer L.A generalized approach to partial discharge modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(4):510-528.
[22]Hayakawa N,Shimizu F,Okubo H.Estimation of partial discharge inception voltage of magnet wires under inverter surge voltage by volume-time theory[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(2):550-557.
[23]Van Brunt R J,Cernyar E W,Von Glahn P.Importance of unraveling memory propagation effects in interpreting data on partial discharge statistics[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(6):905-916.