两种专有名词的生命度及其对句法的影响
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摘要
现代汉语主动句中人称代词的回指度与其原形指人专有名词的生命度无必然联系,而是与VP的语义指向呈反相关,在被字句中则与"话题凸显"语用原则有关。当VP生命度较高时,主语NP也需要是生命度较高的专有名词,但主语的选用还与其音节韵律有关;具有高生命度特点的地点专有名词不能进入"V的N"结构,但并不绝对;同样具有高生命度特点的指人专有名词也能进入"V的N"结构。
in modern Chinese, the anaphora degree of personal pronouns in active sentences is not inevitably connected with their prototypes animacy of proper personal nouns, but it has a negative correlation with the semantic orientation of verbal parts in sentences instead. It is related to a pragmatic principle of "topic highlighting" in a passive sentence. When VP has a high animacy,the subject NP also needs to be a proper noun with a high vitality, but the selection of agentive subjects is also influenced by their syllables and rhythms. The place proper noun with high life degree can not enter the "N" structure of "V", but it is not absolute. Also with the characteristics of high life degree of proper personal nouns can also enter the "N" structure of V.
in modern Chinese, the anaphora degree of personal pronouns in active sentences is not inevitably connected with their prototypes animacy of proper personal nouns, but it has a negative correlation with the semantic orientation of verbal parts in sentences instead. It is related to a pragmatic principle of "topic highlighting" in a passive sentence. When VP has a high animacy,the subject NP also needs to be a proper noun with a high vitality, but the selection of agentive subjects is also influenced by their syllables and rhythms. The place proper noun with high life degree can not enter the "N" structure of "V", but it is not absolute. Also with the characteristics of high life degree of proper personal nouns can also enter the "N" structure of V.
引文
[1]杨海明.生命度与汉语句法的若干问题研究[D].广州:暨南大学博士论文,2007:1-4.
[2]Bernard Comrie.语言共性和语言类型.沈家煊译.[M].北京:华夏出版社,1989:231.
[3]杜道流,何升高.制约同现宾补次序的因素[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报(社会科学版),1998(4):103.
[4]王钰.生命范畴概说[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003(1):114,30.
[5]赵瑞兰.汉语名词生命度初论[D].广州:华南师范大学硕士论文,2007:26-27,30.
[6]徐赳赳.现代汉语篇章回指研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:2.
[7]陆振慧.英汉语篇中指同表达的对比研究[J].外语教学与研究,2002(5):327-328.
[8]赵元任.汉语口语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:45.
[9]邢福义.汉语语法学[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996:72.
[10]沈家煊.不对称和标记论[M].南昌:江西教育出版社,1999:221.
[11]包惠南,包昂.中国文化与翻译[M].北京:外文出版社,2004:47-48.
[12]钟书能.生命度———构建语言意义的核心因素[J].外语艺术教育研究,2007(1):29.
(1)转引自高莉萍硕士论文《生命度对汉语句法语义的制约和影响》第12页,具体例句也请参看此页。
(2)此处不讨论在有下文提示情况下“他”的指代情况,因为此时很容易判断。
(1)补全下文时,下文中不能再次出现“张三”或“李四”,否则会陷入作者既定的框架内而得不出科学的结论。
(1)指示度指不借助语境或预设提示词义的能力,如“黄山”不用借助语境或预设,稍有常识的人都知道“黄山”的所指。
(1)“黄山”、“广州”、“长城”、“美国”进入“V的NP”结构的情况两可,“金子”能进入“V的NP”,因此总的来说“金子”的生命度低于“黄山”等词。
[2]Bernard Comrie.语言共性和语言类型.沈家煊译.[M].北京:华夏出版社,1989:231.
[3]杜道流,何升高.制约同现宾补次序的因素[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报(社会科学版),1998(4):103.
[4]王钰.生命范畴概说[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003(1):114,30.
[5]赵瑞兰.汉语名词生命度初论[D].广州:华南师范大学硕士论文,2007:26-27,30.
[6]徐赳赳.现代汉语篇章回指研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:2.
[7]陆振慧.英汉语篇中指同表达的对比研究[J].外语教学与研究,2002(5):327-328.
[8]赵元任.汉语口语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:45.
[9]邢福义.汉语语法学[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996:72.
[10]沈家煊.不对称和标记论[M].南昌:江西教育出版社,1999:221.
[11]包惠南,包昂.中国文化与翻译[M].北京:外文出版社,2004:47-48.
[12]钟书能.生命度———构建语言意义的核心因素[J].外语艺术教育研究,2007(1):29.
(1)转引自高莉萍硕士论文《生命度对汉语句法语义的制约和影响》第12页,具体例句也请参看此页。
(2)此处不讨论在有下文提示情况下“他”的指代情况,因为此时很容易判断。
(1)补全下文时,下文中不能再次出现“张三”或“李四”,否则会陷入作者既定的框架内而得不出科学的结论。
(1)指示度指不借助语境或预设提示词义的能力,如“黄山”不用借助语境或预设,稍有常识的人都知道“黄山”的所指。
(1)“黄山”、“广州”、“长城”、“美国”进入“V的NP”结构的情况两可,“金子”能进入“V的NP”,因此总的来说“金子”的生命度低于“黄山”等词。