风力机叶片气动外形与主机运行特性耦合优化设计
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摘要
在叶片的优化设计中,叶片的气动外形与风力机主机的稳态运行特性存在耦合设计关系,一方面叶片的外形形状决定主机的稳态运行特性;另一方面对不同外形形状的风力机叶片应设计与之相匹配的风轮转速、叶片桨矩角等主机稳态控制策略,进而才能准确的计算和提高叶片在低风速条件下的气动性能。基于高阶贝塞尔曲线和粒子群算法构建了叶片气动外形的优化设计模型,在最大叶根弯矩和风轮推力的约束条件下,以年发电量最大为目标对某1.5MW叶片进行了优化设计。结果表明,提出的优化设计方法可实现风力机叶片气动外形和稳态运行特性的一体化优化设计,提高了风力机在低于额定风速下的气动性能,研究方法可运用于低风速超低风速风力机叶片的设计中。
In the optimization design of the wind turbine blades,there is a coupling relationship between aerodynamic shape and operating characteristics,the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine blade will have a great increase if the steadystate control strategy is properly designed. For the research,based on the high order Bezier curve theory and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),an optimization design model of wind turbine blade is presented. In the model,the objective function is maximization of annual energy production,which is subjected to the constraints of maximum blade-root moment and hub trust. With the new blade design method,a new blade is optimized,comparisons with the original 1.5 MW wind turbine blade shows that the new blade has better performance for the design of wind turbine blades under the low wind speed conditions,this article shows an integrated optimization design method of the blade aerodynamic shape and wind turbine operating characteristics.
In the optimization design of the wind turbine blades,there is a coupling relationship between aerodynamic shape and operating characteristics,the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine blade will have a great increase if the steadystate control strategy is properly designed. For the research,based on the high order Bezier curve theory and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),an optimization design model of wind turbine blade is presented. In the model,the objective function is maximization of annual energy production,which is subjected to the constraints of maximum blade-root moment and hub trust. With the new blade design method,a new blade is optimized,comparisons with the original 1.5 MW wind turbine blade shows that the new blade has better performance for the design of wind turbine blades under the low wind speed conditions,this article shows an integrated optimization design method of the blade aerodynamic shape and wind turbine operating characteristics.
引文
[1]Quan wang,Jun wang,Jin chen.Aerodynamic shape optimized design forwind turbine blade using new airfoil series[J].Journal of Mechanical Sci-ence and Technology,2015,29(7):2871-2882.
[2]P. Fuglsang,H.A.Madsen.Optimization method for wind turbine rotors[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999(80):191-206.
[3]Xudong W,Shen WZ,Zhu WJ.Shape optimization of wind turbine bladesWind Energy,2009,12(8):781-803.
[4]戴巨川,赵尚红,尹喜云.大型风力机叶片气动外形及其运行特性设计优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(17):138:144.(Dai Ju-chuan,Zhao Shang-hong,Yin Xi-yun.Design and optimizationof aerodynamic shape and operating characteristics of large wind turbineblade[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17),138:144.)
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[2]P. Fuglsang,H.A.Madsen.Optimization method for wind turbine rotors[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1999(80):191-206.
[3]Xudong W,Shen WZ,Zhu WJ.Shape optimization of wind turbine bladesWind Energy,2009,12(8):781-803.
[4]戴巨川,赵尚红,尹喜云.大型风力机叶片气动外形及其运行特性设计优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(17):138:144.(Dai Ju-chuan,Zhao Shang-hong,Yin Xi-yun.Design and optimizationof aerodynamic shape and operating characteristics of large wind turbineblade[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17),138:144.)
[5]Les Piegl,Wayne Tiller(赵罡等译).非均匀有理B样条[M].第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2010(12).(Les Piegl,Wayne Tiller.Non-uniform Rational B-splines[M].thesecond edition.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2010(12).)
[6]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015(5).(Ye Hang-ye.Wind Turbine Control Technology[M].Beijing:China Mac-hine Press,2015(5).)
[7]Wright A D.Modern control design for flexible wind turbines[R].NREL/TP-500-35816,Technical Report for NREL:Colorado,CO,USA,July2004.
[8]SHI,Y,EBERHART,R.C.A modified particle swarm optimizer[C].InProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Com-putation,Piscataway:IEEE,1998:69-73.