伽玛暴080310外激波的能量注入研究
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摘要
GRB 080310的X射线耀发可能起源于中心引擎的再活动,那么,产生X射线耀发的喷流剩余动能必然在后期注入到外激波.本文研究这些注入的能量对外激波动力学及其辐射的影响.研究发现,在这样的图像下,GRB 080310早期光学余辉的观测数据能够得到很好的解释.同时,产生瞬时辐射的喷流与产生X射线耀发的喷流的辐射效率分别为17.7%和15.6%,这暗示这两种喷流可能具有相同的耗散机制.
TThe X-ray flares observed in GRB 080310 may be formed in the jet rather than in the blastwave shock. Then, the energy injection into the blastwave shock would appear after the observed time of these flares. In this paper, the effect of energy injection into the blastwave shock from the jets producing X-ray flares is studied. It is found that the early optical data in the afterglow phase can be explained. In addition, the radiation efficiencies of the jet producing prompt emission and that producing X-ray flares are estimated as 17.7% and 15.6%, respectively. This reveals that the dissipation mechanism of these jets may be the same.
TThe X-ray flares observed in GRB 080310 may be formed in the jet rather than in the blastwave shock. Then, the energy injection into the blastwave shock would appear after the observed time of these flares. In this paper, the effect of energy injection into the blastwave shock from the jets producing X-ray flares is studied. It is found that the early optical data in the afterglow phase can be explained. In addition, the radiation efficiencies of the jet producing prompt emission and that producing X-ray flares are estimated as 17.7% and 15.6%, respectively. This reveals that the dissipation mechanism of these jets may be the same.
引文
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[2]Zhang,B.,Fan,Y.Z.,Dyks,J.,et al.Physical Processes Shaping Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves:Theoretical Implications from the Swift X-Ray Telescope Observations[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2006,642(1):354-370.
[3]Nousek,J.A.,Kouveliotou,C.,Grupe,D.,et al.Evidenc for a Canonical Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Light Curv in the Swift XRT Data[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2006642(1):389-400.
[4]O'Brien,P.T.,Willingale,R.,Osborne,J.,et al.The Earl X-Ray Emission from GRBs[J].The Astrophysica Journal,2006,The Astrophysical Journal,647(2):1213-1237
[5]Zhang,B.-B.,Liang,E.-W.,Zhang,B.A Comprehensiv Analysis of Swift XRT Data.II.Diverse Physical Origins o the Shallow Decay Segment[J].The Astrophysical Journa2007,670(1):565-583.
[6]Sari,R.,Piran,T.,Narayan,R.Spectra and Light Curves o Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows[J].The Astrophysical Journa Letters,1998,497(1),L17-L20.
[7]Burrows,D.N.,Romano,P.,Falcone,A.,et al.Bright X-ray Flares in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows[J].Science,2005309(5742):1833-1835.
[8]Falcone,A.D.,Burrows,D.N.,Lazzati,D.,et al.The Giant X-Ray Flare of GRB 050502B:Evidence for Late-Time Internal Engine Activity[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2006,641(2):1010-1017.
[9]Falcone,A.D.,Morris,D.,Racusin,J.,et al.The First Survey of X-Ray Flares from Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift:Spectral Properties and Energetics[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2007,671(2):1921-1938.
[10]Liang,E.W.,Zhang,B.,O'Brien,P.T.,et al.Testing the Curvature Effect and Internal Origin of Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emissions and X-Ray Flares with Swift Data[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2006,646(1):351-357.
[11]Chincarini,G.,Moretti,A.,Romano,P.,et al.The First Survey of X-Ray Flares from Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift:Temporal Properties and Morphology[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2007,671(2):1903-1920.
[12]Chincarini,G.,Mao,J.,Margutti,R.,et al.Unveiling the origin of X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2010,406(4):2113-2148.
[13]Hou,S.J.,Geng,J.-J.,Wang,K.,et al.The Origin of the Plateau and Late Rebrightening in the Afterglow of GRB120326A[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2014,785(2):113-119.
[14]Wu,X.-F.,Hou,S.-J.,Lei,W.-H.Giant X-Ray Bump in GRB 121027A:Evidence for Fall-back Disk Accretion[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2013,767(2):36-41.
[15]Yi,S.-X.,Wu,X.-F.,Wang,F.-Y.,&Dai,Z.-G.Constraints on the Bulk Lorentz Factors of GRB X-Ray Flares[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2015,807(1):92-99.
[16]Yi,S.-X.,Xi,S.-Q.,Yu,H.,et al.Comprehensive Study of the X-Ray Flares from Gamma-ray Bursts Observed by Swift[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2016,224(2):20-33.
[17]Stratta,G.,Gendre,B.,Atteia,J.-L.,et al.The Ultra-long Grb 111209A II.Prompt To Afterglow And Afterglow Properties[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2013,779:66(14pp)
[18]Yu,Y.B.,Wu,X.F.,Huang,Y.F.,et al.Fall back accretion and energy injections in gamma-ray bursts[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2015,446(4):3642-3650.
[19]Huang,Y.F.,Dai,Z.G.,Lu,T.A generic dynamical model of gamma-ray burst remnants[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,1999,309(2):513-516.
[20]Kong,S.,Huang,Y.Afterglow from GRB 070610/Swift J195509.6+261406:An explanation using the fireball model[J].Science China Physics,Mechanics,2010,53(1):94-97.
[21]Huang,Y.-F.,Gou,L.-J.,Dai,Z.-G.,Lu,T.Overall Evolution Of Jetted Gamma-ray Burst Ejecta[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2000,543:90-96.
[22]Fan,Y.,Piran,T.Gamma-ray burst efficiency and possible physical processes shaping the early afterglow[J],Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society,2006,369:197-206.
[23]Dai,Z.-G.,Lu,T.γ-Ray Bursts and Afterglows from Rotating Strange Stars and Neutron Stars[J].Physical Review Letters,1998,81(20):4301-4304.
[24]Zhang,B.,Mészáros,P.Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow with Continuous Energy Injection:Signature of a Highly Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2001,552(1):35-38.
[25]Yu,Y.-B.,Huang,Y.-F.A two-step energy injection explanation for the rebrightenings of the multi-band afterglow of GRB 0810292013[J].Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics,2015,13(2):662-670.
[26]Prochaska,J.-X.,Foley,R.-J.,Holden,B.,et al.GRB080310:redshift from Keck/DEIMOS spectra.GRB Coordinates Network[EB],2008,7397,1
[27]Evans,P.-A.,Beardmore,A.-P.,Page,K.-L.,et al.Methods and results of an automatic analysis of a complete sample of Swift-XRT observations of GRBs[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2009,397(3):1177-1201.
[28]Littlejohns,O.-M.,Willingale,R.,O'Brien,P.-T.,et al.The origin of the early-time optical emission of Swift GRB080310[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2012,421:2692-2712.