外部知识源对产品创新能力影响的实证研究——市场导向的调节作用
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摘要
以中国服务外包业为背景,采用层次回归法,利用调研数据,实证分析了不同的外部知识源(供应链知识源和科学知识源)对企业产品创新能力的影响,以及市场导向对上述影响的调节作用。结果表明:供应链知识源和科学知识源都会促进企业产品创新能力的提升,其中科学知识源的促进作用更大;市场导向对两种外部知识源对产品创新能力的影响具有完全相反的调节作用,即先动型市场导向正向调节科学知识源与产品创新能力的关系、负向调节供应链知识源与产品创新能力的关系,而反应型市场导向正向调节供应链知识源与产品创新能力的关系、负向调节科学知识源与产品创新能力的关系。指出:奉行先动型市场导向的企业要加强科学知识源的利用,而奉行反应型市场导向的企业要加强供应链知识源的利用。
In the context of service outsourcing industry,this paper empirically studies the impacts of two kinds of external knowledge sources(supply chain knowledge source and scientific knowledge source)on enterprise′s product innovation capability and the moderating effect of market orientation on the above impacts by using the survey data and the hierarchical regression method.The empirical results are as follows:supply chain knowledge source and scientific knowledge source both have positive influences on product innovation capability of enterprise,and the impact of scientific knowledge source is more important;the above impacts are moderated by market orientation differently,that is,proactive market orientation strengthens the relationship between scientific knowledge source and product innovation capability,but weakens the relationship between supply chain knowledge source and product innovation capability,while responsive market orientation strengthens the relationship between supply chain knowledge source and product innovation capability,but weakens the relationship between scientific knowledge source and product innovation capability.It indicates that the firm pursuing proactive market orientation should strengthen the use of scientific knowledge source,and the firm adopting responsive market orientation should enhance the utilization of supply chain knowledge source.
In the context of service outsourcing industry,this paper empirically studies the impacts of two kinds of external knowledge sources(supply chain knowledge source and scientific knowledge source)on enterprise′s product innovation capability and the moderating effect of market orientation on the above impacts by using the survey data and the hierarchical regression method.The empirical results are as follows:supply chain knowledge source and scientific knowledge source both have positive influences on product innovation capability of enterprise,and the impact of scientific knowledge source is more important;the above impacts are moderated by market orientation differently,that is,proactive market orientation strengthens the relationship between scientific knowledge source and product innovation capability,but weakens the relationship between supply chain knowledge source and product innovation capability,while responsive market orientation strengthens the relationship between supply chain knowledge source and product innovation capability,but weakens the relationship between scientific knowledge source and product innovation capability.It indicates that the firm pursuing proactive market orientation should strengthen the use of scientific knowledge source,and the firm adopting responsive market orientation should enhance the utilization of supply chain knowledge source.
引文
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[24]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:internal R&D investment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[25]CHATTERJI A K,FABRIZIO K R.Using users:when does external knowledge enhance corporate product innovation?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(10):1427-1445.
[26]LOVE J H,MANSURY M A.External linkages,R&D and innovation performance in US business services[J].Industry and Innovation,2007,14(5):477-496.
[27]TETHER B S.Who co-operates for innovation,and why:an empirical analysis[J].Research Policy,2002,31(6):947-967.
[28]SOBRERO M,ROBERTS E B.Strategic management of supplier-manufacturer relations in new product development[J].Research Policy,2002,31(1):159-182.
[29]TSAI K H.Collaborative networks and product innovation performance:toward a contingency perspective[J].Research Policy,2009,38(5):765-778.
[30]EISENHARDT K M,TABRIZI B N.Accelerating adaptive processes:Product innovation in the global computer industry[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1995:84-110.
[31]KESSLER E H,CHAKRABARTI A K.Innovation speed:a conceptual model of context,antecedents,and outcomes[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4):1143-1191.
[32]CHUNG S A,KIM G M.Performance effects of partnership between manufacturers and suppliers for new product development:the supplier′s standpoint[J].Research Policy,2003,32(4):587-603.
[33]BELDERBOS R,CARREE M,LOKSHIN B.Cooperative R&D and firm performance[J].Research Policy,2004,33(10):1477-1492.
[34]FAEMS D,VAN LOOY B,DEBACKERE K.Interorganizational collaboration and innovation:toward a portfolio approach[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2005,22(3):238-250.
[35]CALOGHIROU Y,KASTELLI I,TSAKANIKAS A.Internal capabilities and external knowledge sources:complements or substitutes for innovative performance?[J].Technovation,2004,24(1):29-39.
[36]MOWERY D C,SHANE S.Introduction to the special issue on university entrepreneurship and technology transfer[J].Management Science,2002,48(1):v-ix.
[37]张妍,魏江.战略导向、研发伙伴多样性与创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2016,34(3):443-452.
[38]KOHLI A K,JAWORSKI B J.Market orientation:the construct,research propositions,and managerial implications[J].The Journal of Marketing,1990,54(2):1-18.
[39]NARVER J C,SLATER S F.The effect of a market orientation on business profitability[J].The Journal of Marketing,1990,54(4):20-35.
[40]TSAI K H,CHOU C,KUO J H.The curvilinear relationships between responsive and proactive market orientations and new product performance:a contingent link[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2008,37(8):884-894.
[41]张婧,段艳玲.市场导向均衡对制造型企业产品创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].管理世界,2010,(12):119-130.
[42]VAVAKOVA B.Building'research-industry'partnerships through European R&D programmes[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1995,10(4-6):567-586.
[43]CHRISTENSEN C M,BOWER J L.Customer power,strategic investment,and the failure of leading firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(3):197-218.
[44]IRELAND R D,HITT M A,VAIDYANATH D.Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,2002,28(3):413-446.
[45]ARMSTRONG J S,OVERTON T S.Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1977,14(3):396-402.
[46]LICHTENTHALER U.Absorptive capacity,environmental turbulence,and the complementarity of organizational learning processes[J].Academy of Management Journal,2009,52(4):822-846.
[47]YANNOPOULOS P,AUH S,MENGUC B.Achieving fit between learning and market orientation:implications for new product performance[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):531-545.
[48]王永贵,马双,杨宏恩.服务外包中创新能力的测量、提升与绩效影响研究——基于发包与承包双方知识转移视角的分析[J].管理世界,2015(6):85-98.
[49]SAMMARRA A,BIGGIERO L.Heterogeneity and specificity of Inter-firm knowledge flows in innovation networks[J].Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(4):800-829.
[50]HATCHER L.A Step-by-step Approach to Using SAS for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling[M].SAS Institute,1994.
[51]FORNELL C,LARCKER D F.Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18(1):39-50.
[52]MONTEIRO L F,BIRKINSHAW J.The external knowledge sourcing process in multinational corporations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2016.
[53]BARON R M,KENNY D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182.
[2]KATILA R,AHUJA G.Something old,something new:a longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(6):1183-1194.
[3]LAURSEN K,SALTER A.Open for innovation:the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150.
[4]AMARA N,LANDRY R.Sources of information as determinants of novelty of innovation in manufacturing firms:evidence from the 1999statistics Canada innovation survey[J].Technovation,2005,25(3):245-259.
[5]TANRIVERDI H,VENKATRAMAN N.Knowledge relatedness and the performance of multibusiness firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(2):97-119.
[6]SALGE T O,FARCHI T,BARRETT M I,et al.When does search openness really matter?A contingency study of health-care innovation projects[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2013,30(4):659-676.
[7]COWAN R,JONARD N.Knowledge portfolios and the organization of innovation networks[J].Academy of Management Review,2009,34(2):320-342.
[8]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:Internal R&D investment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[9]ARORA A,BELENZON S,RIOS L A.Make,buy,organize:the interplay between research,external knowledge,and firm structure[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(3):317-337.
[10]COHEN W M,LEVINTHAL D A.Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152.
[11]FLEMING L,MINGO S,CHEN D.Collaborative brokerage,generative creativity,and creative success[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2007,52(3):443-475.
[12]陈劲,阳银娟.外部知识获取与企业创新绩效关系研究综述[J].科技进步与对策,2014,31(1):156-160.
[13]TETHER B S,TAJAR A.Beyond industry-university links:sourcing knowledge for innovation from consultants,private research organizations and the public science-base[J].Research Policy,2008,37(6):1079-1095.
[14]SEGELOD E,JORDAN G.The use and importance of external sources of knowledge in the software development process[J].R&D Management,2004,34(3):239-252.
[15]KANG K H,KANG J.Do external knowledge sourcing modes matter for service innovation?Empirical evidence from South Korean service firms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(1):176-191.
[16]王玉荣,聂春红,杨震宁等.创新信息和市场导向对企业创新绩效的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(8):57-68.
[17]VIVAS C,BARGE-GIL A.Impact on firms of the use of knowledge external sources:a systematic review of the literature.Journal of Economic Surveys,2015,29(5):943-964.
[18]GRIGORIOU K,ROTHAERMEL F T.Organizing for knowledge generation:internal knowledge networks and the contingent effect of external knowledge sourcing[J].Strategic Management Journal,2016.
[19]NARVER J C,SLATER S F,MACLACHLAN D L.Responsive and proactive market orientation and new-product success[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2004,21(5):334-347.
[20]ATUAHENE-GIMA K,SLATER S F,OLSON E M.The contingent value of responsive and proactive market orientations for new product program performance[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2005,22(6):464-482.
[21]GANOTAKIS P,LOVE J H.The innovation value chain in new technology-based firms:Evidence from the UK[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(5):839-860.
[22]余传鹏,张振刚.异质知识源对中小微企业管理创新采纳与实施的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(2):92-100.
[23]沈志渔,孙婧.外部知识与企业技术创新:相对重要性与互补效应检验[J].经济管理,2014,36(8):137-143.
[24]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:internal R&D investment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[25]CHATTERJI A K,FABRIZIO K R.Using users:when does external knowledge enhance corporate product innovation?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(10):1427-1445.
[26]LOVE J H,MANSURY M A.External linkages,R&D and innovation performance in US business services[J].Industry and Innovation,2007,14(5):477-496.
[27]TETHER B S.Who co-operates for innovation,and why:an empirical analysis[J].Research Policy,2002,31(6):947-967.
[28]SOBRERO M,ROBERTS E B.Strategic management of supplier-manufacturer relations in new product development[J].Research Policy,2002,31(1):159-182.
[29]TSAI K H.Collaborative networks and product innovation performance:toward a contingency perspective[J].Research Policy,2009,38(5):765-778.
[30]EISENHARDT K M,TABRIZI B N.Accelerating adaptive processes:Product innovation in the global computer industry[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1995:84-110.
[31]KESSLER E H,CHAKRABARTI A K.Innovation speed:a conceptual model of context,antecedents,and outcomes[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4):1143-1191.
[32]CHUNG S A,KIM G M.Performance effects of partnership between manufacturers and suppliers for new product development:the supplier′s standpoint[J].Research Policy,2003,32(4):587-603.
[33]BELDERBOS R,CARREE M,LOKSHIN B.Cooperative R&D and firm performance[J].Research Policy,2004,33(10):1477-1492.
[34]FAEMS D,VAN LOOY B,DEBACKERE K.Interorganizational collaboration and innovation:toward a portfolio approach[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2005,22(3):238-250.
[35]CALOGHIROU Y,KASTELLI I,TSAKANIKAS A.Internal capabilities and external knowledge sources:complements or substitutes for innovative performance?[J].Technovation,2004,24(1):29-39.
[36]MOWERY D C,SHANE S.Introduction to the special issue on university entrepreneurship and technology transfer[J].Management Science,2002,48(1):v-ix.
[37]张妍,魏江.战略导向、研发伙伴多样性与创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2016,34(3):443-452.
[38]KOHLI A K,JAWORSKI B J.Market orientation:the construct,research propositions,and managerial implications[J].The Journal of Marketing,1990,54(2):1-18.
[39]NARVER J C,SLATER S F.The effect of a market orientation on business profitability[J].The Journal of Marketing,1990,54(4):20-35.
[40]TSAI K H,CHOU C,KUO J H.The curvilinear relationships between responsive and proactive market orientations and new product performance:a contingent link[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2008,37(8):884-894.
[41]张婧,段艳玲.市场导向均衡对制造型企业产品创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].管理世界,2010,(12):119-130.
[42]VAVAKOVA B.Building'research-industry'partnerships through European R&D programmes[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1995,10(4-6):567-586.
[43]CHRISTENSEN C M,BOWER J L.Customer power,strategic investment,and the failure of leading firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(3):197-218.
[44]IRELAND R D,HITT M A,VAIDYANATH D.Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,2002,28(3):413-446.
[45]ARMSTRONG J S,OVERTON T S.Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1977,14(3):396-402.
[46]LICHTENTHALER U.Absorptive capacity,environmental turbulence,and the complementarity of organizational learning processes[J].Academy of Management Journal,2009,52(4):822-846.
[47]YANNOPOULOS P,AUH S,MENGUC B.Achieving fit between learning and market orientation:implications for new product performance[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):531-545.
[48]王永贵,马双,杨宏恩.服务外包中创新能力的测量、提升与绩效影响研究——基于发包与承包双方知识转移视角的分析[J].管理世界,2015(6):85-98.
[49]SAMMARRA A,BIGGIERO L.Heterogeneity and specificity of Inter-firm knowledge flows in innovation networks[J].Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(4):800-829.
[50]HATCHER L.A Step-by-step Approach to Using SAS for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling[M].SAS Institute,1994.
[51]FORNELL C,LARCKER D F.Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18(1):39-50.
[52]MONTEIRO L F,BIRKINSHAW J.The external knowledge sourcing process in multinational corporations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2016.
[53]BARON R M,KENNY D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182.